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Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de positividade de Anti-HCV e fatores associados em detentos de unidades prisionais do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com 2.131 detentos, em doze unidades prisionais do Piauí. Na estatística inferencial foram aplicados testes de hipóteses, com a utilização de regressão logística. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de positividade ao Anti-HCV foi de 0,3% (IC95% = 0,1-0,6). Na análise bivariada observou-se associação entre a hepatite C e as variáveis: cor da pele, idade, anos de estudo, uso de drogas ilícitas, transfusão de sangue antes de 1993, uso de seringa de vidro, relação sexual com pessoas do mesmo sexo, seleção do parceiro de confiança, uso de bebidas alcoólicas antes da relação, sexo vaginal e as informações sobre as formas de transmissão da hepatite C. No modelo multivariado permaneceu associada apenas a variável transfusão de sangue antes de 1993. Conclusão: Os detentos apresentaram comportamentos de risco relacionados à infecção pela hepatite C, entretanto o estudo identificou uma prevalência inferior à estimativa encontrada na população geral e mundial. Faz-se relevante o investimento de ações de educação em saúde no ambiente prisional e o fortalecimento de ações de vigilância em saúde. (AU)
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of anti-HCV positivity and associated factors in inmates of prison units in the State of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study carried out with 2,131 inmates in twelve prison units in Piauí. Hypothesis tests were applied in inferential statistics, using logistic regression. The significance level used was 5%. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV positivity was 0.3% (95%CI = 0.1-0.6). In the bivariate analysis, an association was observed between hepatitis C and the variables: skin color, age, years of education, use of illicit drugs, blood transfusion before 1993, use of glass syringe, same-sex sexual intercourse , selection of the trusted partner, use of alcoholic beverages before intercourse, vaginal sex and information on the forms of transmission of hepatitis C. In the multivariate model, only the variable blood transfusion before 1993 remained associated. Conclusion: The inmates showed risk behaviors related to hepatitis C infection, however the study identified a lower prevalence than the estimate found in the general and world population. It is relevant to invest in health education actions in the prison environment and to strengthen health surveillance actions. (AU)
Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de positividad anti-VHC y factores asociados en internos de unidades carcelarias del Estado de Piauí, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico, transversal, realizado con 2.131 internos en doce unidades penitenciarias de Piauí. Se aplicaron pruebas de hipótesis en estadística inferencial, mediante regresión logística. El nivel de significancia utilizado fue del 5%. Resultados: La prevalencia de positividad anti-VHC fue del 0,3% (IC95% = 0,1-0,6). En el análisis bivariado se observó asociación entre la hepatitis C y las variables: color de piel, edad, años de educación, uso de drogas ilícitas, transfusión de sangre antes de 1993, uso de jeringa de vidrio, relaciones sexuales entre personas del mismo sexo, selección de la persona de confianza. pareja, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas antes del coito, sexo vaginal e información sobre las formas de transmisión de la hepatitis C. En el modelo multivariado sólo permaneció asociada la variable transfusión de sangre antes de 1993. Conclusión: Los internos mostraron conductas de riesgo relacionadas con la infección por hepatitis C, sin embargo el estudio identificó una prevalencia menor a la estimada encontrada en la población general y mundial. Es relevante invertir en acciones de educación para la salud en el ámbito penitenciario y fortalecer las acciones de vigilancia de la salud. (AU)
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Hepatitis C , Prisiones , Enfermería en Salud Pública , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introduction: The human umbilical artery (HUA), rat-isolated right atrium, and rat-isolated vas deferens present a basal release of 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND). The basal release of 6-ND from these tissues was significantly decreased (but not abolished) when the tissues were pre-incubated with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Methods: In this study, the effect of the pharmacological modulation of the redox environment on the basal release of 6-ND was investigated. The basal release of 6-ND was measured using Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results and Discussion: Pre-incubation (30 min) of the tissues with GKT137831 (1 µM) caused a significant increase in the basal release of 6-ND from all tissues. In the HUA, pre-incubation with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) (100 µM) also caused significant increases in the basal release of 6-ND. Preincubation of the HUA with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (100 µM) increased 6-ND basal release, whereas pre-incubation with catalase (1,000 U/mL) significantly decreased it. Pre-incubation of the HUA with superoxide dismutase (SOD) (250 U/mL; 30 min) also significantly increased the basal release of 6-ND. Preincubation of the HUA with either allopurinol (100 µM) or uric acid (1 mM) had no effect on the basal release of 6-ND. Pre-treatment of the HUA with L-NAME (100 µM) prevented the increase in the basal release of 6-ND induced by GKT137831, diphenyleneiodonium, and H2O2. The results obtained indicate a major role of endogenous H2O2 and peroxidases as modulators of 6- ND biosynthesis/release and a lack of peroxynitrite contribution.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key role in determining immune cells function through modulation of their metabolic status. By specific deletion of Rictor in CD11c+ myeloid cells (referred to here as CD11cRicΔ/Δ), we investigated the role of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) function in mice. We showed that upon dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, the lack of mTORC2 signaling CD11c+ cells diminishes the colitis score and abrogates DC migration to the mesenteric lymph nodes, thereby diminishing the infiltration of T helper 17 cells in the lamina propria and subsequent inflammation. These findings corroborate with the abrogation of cytoskeleton organization and the decreased activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases observed in CD11c+-mTORC2-deficient cells. Meta-analysis on colonic samples from ulcerative colitis patients revealed increased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, which coincided with augmented expression of the mTOR pathway, a positive correlation between the DC marker ITGAX and interleukin-6, the expression of RICTOR, and CDC42. Together, this work proposes that targeting mTORC2 on DCs offers a key to hamper inflammatory responses, and this way, ameliorates the progression and severity of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Movimiento Celular , Colitis , Células Dendríticas , Sulfato de Dextran , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 2 de la Rapamicina , Células Mieloides , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 2 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Ratones , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Colitis/patología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/inmunología , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/inmunología , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Proteína Asociada al mTOR Insensible a la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Proteína Asociada al mTOR Insensible a la Rapamicina/genética , Antígeno CD11c/metabolismo , Proteína de Unión al GTP cdc42/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína de Unión al GTP rac1/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Noqueados , Neuropéptidos , Antígenos CD11RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: 6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that has a potent relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle in vitro. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the basal release of 6-ND and noradrenaline from rabbit-isolated corpus cavernosum (RbCC) and its relaxing action on this tissue. METHODS: Rabbit corpus cavernosa were dissected and suspended in a 5-mL organ bath containing oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit's solution. 6-ND and noradrenaline release was quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The relaxant activity of 6-ND was assessed in RbCC strips pre-contracted with endothelin-1 (10 nM). RESULTS: Rabbit corpus cavernosum presented basal release of both 6-ND (2.9 ± 0.8 ng/mL, n = 12) and noradrenaline (1.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL, n = 12). The 6-ND release was reduced by pre-treatment with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (100 µM), whereas that of noradrenaline was unaffected. Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM) abolished the noradrenaline release but had no effect on 6-ND release, indicating a non-neurogenic origin for 6-ND. 6-ND and the selective dopamine D2-agonist L-741,626 caused concentration-dependent RbCC relaxations (pEC50 of 11 ± 0.15 and 11.15 ± 0.28, respectively). Pre-treatment with either l-NAME or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-on (ODQ) (100 µM) caused a rightward shift of the concentration-response curve to 6-ND, without affecting the L-741,626 responses. In TTX (100 nM)-pre-treated preparations, neither l-NAME nor ODQ shifted the 6-ND concentration-response curve. Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline caused concentration-dependent RbCC contractions. Pre-incubation with 6-ND concentration-dependently inhibited the dopamine-induced contractions, without affecting those induced by either noradrenaline or adrenaline. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: 6-Nitrodopamine is the most potent endogenous relaxant agent in RbCC ever described and represents a novel mechanism by which NO causes corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation. The finding that 6-ND acts as a truly selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist indicates that the balance of dopamine and 6-ND release/synthesis may be the main mechanism that modulates corpus cavernosum smooth muscle tonus in vivo.
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Relajación Muscular , Norepinefrina , Pene , Animales , Conejos , Pene/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Relajación Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Dopamina/metabolismo , Dopamina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from human vas deferens and plays a modulatory role in the male ejaculation. Therapeutical use of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists is associated with ejaculatory abnormalities. To evaluate the effect of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists on the contractions induced by 6-ND, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in the human epididymal vas deferens (HEVD). HEVD strips were suspended in glass chambers containing heated and oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit's solution. Cumulative concentration-response curves to catecholamines (10 nM-300 µM) were constructed in HEVD strips pre-incubated (30 min) with doxazosin (0.1-1 nM), tamsulosin (1-10 nM), prazosin (10-100 nM) and/or silodosin (0.1-10 nM). The effects of these α1-adrenoceptor antagonists were also evaluated in the electric-field stimulation (EFS, 2-32 Hz)-induced contractions. Doxazosin (0.1 nM) caused significant reductions in 6-ND-induced HEVD contractions without affecting the contractions induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Similar results were observed with tamsulosin (1 nM) and prazosin (10 nM). At these concentrations, these α1-adrenoceptor antagonists largely reduced the EFS-induced contractions. Silodosin (1 nM) caused concentration-dependent rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves to 6-ND but had no effect on the contractions induced by dopamine and adrenaline. Silodosin (0.1 nM) only inhibited the contractions induced by noradrenaline. Silodosin at 1 nM, but not at 0.1 nM, caused significant reductions in the EFS-induced contractions. The results reinforce the concept that 6-ND plays a major role in the human vas deferens contractility and indicate that the ejaculation disorders caused by doxazosin, tamsulosin, prazosin and silodosin cause in man, may be due to inhibition of the contractions induced by 6-ND rather than by the classical catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline.
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BACKGROUND: 6-nitrodopamine released from rat isolated atria exerts positive chronotropic action, being more potent than noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Here, we determined whether 6-nitrodopamine is released from rat isolated ventricles (RIV) and modulates heart inotropism. METHODS: Catecholamines released from RIV were quantified by LC-MS/MS and their effects on heart inotropism were evaluated by measuring left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) in Langendorff's preparation. RESULTS: 6-nitrodopamine was the major released catecholamine from RIV. Incubation with L-NAME (100 µM), but not with tetrodotoxin (1 µM), caused a significant reduction in 6-nitrodopamine basal release. 6-nitrodopamine release was significantly reduced in ventricles obtained from L-NAME chronically treated animals. 6-nitrodopamine (0.01 pmol) caused significant increases in LVDP and dP/dtmax, whereas dopamine and noradrenaline required 10 pmol, and adrenaline required 100 pmol, to induce similar increases in LVDP and dP/dtmax. The infusion of atenolol (10 nM) reduced basal LVDP and blocked the increases in LVDP induced by 6-ND (0.01 pmol), without affecting the increases in LVDP induced by 10 nmol of dopamine and noradrenaline and that induced by adrenaline (100 nmol). CONCLUSIONS: 6-nitrodopamine is the major catecholamine released from rat isolated ventricles. It is 1000 times more potent than dopamine and noradrenaline and is selectively blocked by atenolol, indicating that 6-ND is a main regulator of heart inotropism.
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6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel catecholamine that is released from human umbilical cord vessels, and it causes vascular relaxation by acting as a dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. Here it was investigated whether human peripheral vessels obtained from patients who have undergone surgery for leg amputation release 6-ND, and its action in these tissues. Popliteal artery and vein strips present basal release of 6-ND, as measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The release was significantly reduced when the tissues were pre-treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 µM), or when the endothelium was mechanically removed. In U-46619 (3 nM) pre-contracted rings, 6-ND induced concentration-dependent relaxations (pEC50 8.18 ± 0.05 and 8.40 ± 0.08, in artery and vein rings, respectively). The concentration-dependent relaxations induced by 6-ND were unaffected in tissues pre-treated with L-NAME, but significantly reduced in tissues where the endothelium has been mechanically removed. In U-46619 (3 nM) pre-contracted rings, the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist L-741,626 also caused concentration-dependent relaxations (pEC50 8.92 ± 0.22 and 8.79 ± 0.19, in artery and vein rings, respectively). The concentration-dependent relaxations induced by L-741,626 were unaffected in tissues pre-treated with L-NAME, but significantly reduced in tissues where the endothelium has been mechanically removed. This is the first demonstration that 6-nitrodopamine is released from human peripheral artery and vein rings. The results also indicate that endothelium-derived dopamine is a major contractile agent in the popliteal artery and vein, and that selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonists such as 6-ND, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human peripheral vascular diseases.
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Dopamina , Arteria Poplítea , Humanos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Dopamina/farmacología , Ácido 15-Hidroxi-11 alfa,9 alfa-(epoximetano)prosta-5,13-dienoico/farmacología , Endotelio Vascular , Óxido Nítrico/farmacologíaRESUMEN
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel endogenous catecholamine that is released from the rat isolated vas deferens, and has been characterized as a major modulator of the contractility of rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD). Drugs such as tricyclic antidepressants, α1 and ß1ß2 adrenoceptor blockers, act as selective antagonists of the 6-ND receptor in the RIEVD. In the rat isolated atria, 6-ND has a potent positive chronotropic action and causes remarkable potentiation of the positive chronotropic effects induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here, whether 6-ND interacts with the classical catecholamines in the rat isolated vas deferens was investigated. Incubation with 6-ND (0.1 and 1 nM; 30min) caused no contractions in the RIEVD but provoked significant leftward shifts in the concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with 6-ND (1 nM), potentiated the contractions induced by electric-field stimulation (EFS), whereas pre-incubation with 1 nM of dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline, did not affect EFS-induced contractions. In tetrodotoxin (1 µM) pre-treated (30 min) RIEVD, pre-incubation with 6-ND (0.1 nM) did not cause leftward shifts in the concentration-dependent contractions induced by noradrenaline, adrenaline, or dopamine. Pre-incubation of the RIEVD with the α2A-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (30 min, 10 nM) did not affect dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and EFS-induced contractions. However, when idazoxan (10 nM) and 6-ND (0.1 nM) were simultaneously pre-incubated (30 min), a significant potentiation of the EFS-induced contractions of the RIEVD was observed. 6-nitrodopamine causes remarkable potentiation of dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline contractions on the RIEVD, due to activation of adrenergic terminals, possibly via pre-synaptic adrenoceptors.
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Norepinefrina , Conducto Deferente , Masculino , Ratas , Animales , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Epinefrina/farmacología , Dopamina/farmacología , Idazoxan/farmacología , Catecolaminas/farmacología , Receptores Adrenérgicos , Estimulación Eléctrica , Contracción MuscularRESUMEN
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat isolated atria being 100 times more potent than noradrenaline and adrenaline, and 10,000 times more potent than dopamine as a positive chronotropic agent. The present study aimed to investigate the interactions of 6-ND with the classical catecholamines, phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 and PDE4, and the protein kinase A in rat isolated atria. Atrial incubation with 1 pM of dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline had no effect on atrial frequency. Similar results were observed when the atria were incubated with 0.01 pM of 6-ND. However, co-incubation of 6-ND (0.01 pM) with dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline (1 pM each) resulted in significant increases in atrial rate, which persisted over 30 min after washout of the agonists. The increased atrial frequency induced by co-incubation of 6-ND with the catecholamines was significantly reduced by the voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (1 µM, 30 min), indicating that the positive chronotropic effect of 6-ND is due in part to activation of nerve terminals. Pre-treatment of the animals with reserpine had no effect on the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, or adrenaline; however, reserpine markedly reduced the 6-ND (1 pM)-induced positive chronotropic effect. Incubation of the rat isolated atria with the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (1 µM, 30 min) abolished the increased atrial frequency induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, but only attenuated the increases induced by 6-ND. 6-ND induces catecholamine release from adrenergic terminals and increases atrial frequency independently of PKA activation.
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Fibrilación Atrial , Dopamina , Ratas , Animales , Dopamina/farmacología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Reserpina , Fibrilación Atrial/metabolismo , Atrios Cardíacos/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/farmacología , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Catecolaminas/farmacología , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Frecuencia CardíacaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intrarater and interrater agreement of a 6-item test battery in nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP) and investigate the agreement between raters to assign the resulting movement control (MC) diagnoses. METHODS: Thirty patients with chronic LBP (18-30 years) were included in this study. Six raters were trained and rated the videos of the patients during the execution of the tests. After one week, the raters re-watched the videos and repeated the examination. A diagnosis of MC was assigned for each patient. Agreement was analyzed using weighted kappa and prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) coefficients. RESULTS: We showed an acceptable intrarater agreement for the 6-item test battery for four out of six raters, except for one test: prone knee flexion. The results of the interrater agreement between the three pairs of raters showed acceptable agreement levels (k > 0.4), except for two tests, "rocking on all four backward" and "prone knee flexion test." For the diagnosis of MC impairment, acceptable agreement levels (k > 0.4) were observed for five out of six raters for intrarater agreement. For interrater assessment, we found an acceptable agreement between pairs of raters. CONCLUSION: We showed acceptable levels of agreement between the intrarater and interrater for a 6-item test battery to identify MC impairment, except for two tests. Agreement in the MC diagnoses achieved acceptable levels for five of the six raters (intrarater) and all three pairs of raters (interrater). Such results support the use of the 6-item test battery to detect MC impairment.
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Dolor de la Región Lumbar , Humanos , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Movimiento , Rodilla , Articulación de la Rodilla , Variaciones Dependientes del ObservadorRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction: Smartphone use has become a popular social communication phenomenon worldwide. Its excessive use can compromise daily routines and habits, which is associated with sleep disorders, stress, anxiety and pain. Therefore, the university student stands out, as they has a lifestyle in which it is necessary to reconcile daily activities with curriculum activities, aggravating psychosocial factors. Objective: To investigate whether smartphone addiction influences sleep quality, anxiety, depression and pain in university students. Methods: We carried out an analytical cross-sectional study. For data collection, the following self-administered questionnaires were used: Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR), to assess smartphone dependence; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to evaluate sleep quality; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, to assess anxiety and depression (HADS), where it was subdivided into HADS-A for anxiety and HADS-D for depression; and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to determine physical pain intensity. The sample consisted of 301 university students studying physiotherapy and physical education at the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP). They were divided according to the score obtained in the SPAI-BR between the "regular" group (up to 6 points) and "predisposed" to smartphone dependence (7 or more points). Results: The comparisons were statistically significant in favor of the regular group: the predisposed group obtained a higher score for the questionnaires used with an average NRS of 2.37 points, average HADS-D of 9.05 points and average HADS-A of 6.01 points. Differences between groups were statistically significant: NRS, p = 0.018; HADS-A, p = 0.001; HADS-D p = 0.001; and PSQI, p = 0.001. Conclusion: The university students analyzed in this study classified as predisposed were more prone to being addicted to their smartphone, and they were more likely to have anxiety, with a worse quality of sleep and with a greater intensity of pain.
Resumo Introdução: O uso de smartphones se tornou um fenômeno social mundialmente popular de comunicação. Seu uso excessivo pode comprometer as rotinas e hábitos diários, que estão associados aos distúrbios do sono, estresse, ansiedade, algias; logo, destaca-se o universitário, que apresenta um estilo de vida em que é preciso conciliar as atividades diárias com as curriculares, agravando fatores psicossociais. Objetivo: Investigar se a dependência do uso de smartphone influencia a qualidade de sono e os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e dor em universitários. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados os questionários autoaplicáveis Inventário de Dependências do Smartphone (SPAI-BR), Escala de Pittsburgh (PSQI), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS), sendo este subdividido em HADS-A (ansiedade) e HADS-D (depressão), e Escala Numérica da Dor (END). A amostra foi composta por 301 universitários da Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, dos cursos de fisioterapia e educação física. Os estudantes foram divididos de acordo com o escore obtido no SPAI-BR entre grupo regular (até 6 pontos) e pré-disposto à dependência do uso de smartphone (7 ou mais pontos). Resultados: As comparações foram estatisticamente significativas a favor do grupo regular; sendo assim, o grupo pré-disposto obteve uma pontuação pior nos questionários utilizados, sendo a média END de 2,37 pontos, a média HADS-D de 9,05 e a média HADS-A de 6,01. Os valores de intensidade de dor entre os grupos foram de p = 0,018; HADS-A: p = 0,001; HADS-D: p = 0,001; PSQI: p= 0,001. Conclusão: Os universitários classificados como pré- dispostos apresentaram uma maior propensão à dependência do smartphone, além de maior chance de terem ansiedade com uma pior qualidade de sono e maior intensidade de dor.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Trastornos de Ansiedad , Depresión , Teléfono Inteligente , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , DolorRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Kinesio tape (KT), although frequently used in sports, is still a matter of debate, and the results of studies that evaluated its effects on muscle strength (MS) in athletes are still inconclusive and contradictory. Objective To evaluate the effect of a progressive KT tension protocol on knee MS in runners over an eight-week intervention. Methods Clinical trial involving 49 runners of both sexes randomized into two groups: KT (KT with progressive tension protocol) and placebo (KT without tension). The MS of knee flexors and extensors was evaluated by isokinetic dynamometer (60º/s and 90º/s) at four moments: (1) without KT; (2) with KT and without tension; (3) without KT (after 8 weeks after of intervention); (4) with KT and with tension (after 8 weeks after of intervention). Inter- and intra-group comparisons were made. The significance level adopted was 95% (p < 0.05). Results There were no significant differences in MS between the groups at any of the evaluated moments. There was a statistically significant difference in MS (60º/s) in both groups (KT and placebo) when comparing moments 4 and 2 for knee flexors, and in the placebo group between moments 4 and 2 and moments 4 and 3 for knee extensors. Conclusion The progressive tension protocol of KT was not able to intervene in the SM gain of knee flexors and extensors of runners in inter and intragroup comparisons.
Resumo Introdução A Kinesio tape (KT), apesar de muito utilizada na prática esportiva, ainda é motivo de debate e os resultados de estudos que avaliaram seus efeitos na força muscular (FM) em atletas ainda são inconclusivos e contraditórios. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um protocolo de tensão progressiva KT na FM do joelho em corredores ao longo de uma intervenção de oito semanas. Métodos Ensaio clínico envolvendo 49 corredores de ambos os sexos randomizados em dois grupos: KT (KT com protocolo de tensão progressiva) e placebo (KT sem tensão). A FM dos flexores e extensores do joelho foi avaliada por dinamômetro isocinético (60º/s e 90º/s) em quatro momentos: (1) sem KT; (2) com KT e sem tensão; (3) sem KT (após 8 semanas); (4) com KT e com tensão (pós-protocolo 8 semanas). Comparações inter e intragrupos foram feitas. O nível de significância adotado foi de 95% (p < 0,05). Resultados Não houve diferenças signi-ficativas na FM entre os grupos em nenhum dos momentos avaliados. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na FM (60º/s) em ambos os grupos (KT e placebo, quando comparados os momentos 4 e 2 para flexores de joelho, e no grupo placebo entre os momentos 4 e 2 e os momentos 4 e 3 para extensores de joelho. Conclusão O protocolo de tensão progressiva de KT não foi capaz de intervir no ganho de FM de flexores e extensores de joelho de corredores em comparações inter e intragrupos.
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Humanos , Torque , Fuerza Muscular , Atletas , RodillaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar a prevalência de sífilis e fatores de risco em internos nos presídios do Estado do Piauí, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal, realizado com 2.131 presidiários. Na estatística inferencial foram aplicados testes de hipóteses, com a utilização de regressão logística. O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de positividade para sífilis foi de 8,4% (IC95% = 7,3-9,6), sendo 19,5% no sexo feminino e 80,5% no sexo masculino. Na análise bivariada observou-se associação entre a sífilis e as variáveis: sexo, uso de drogas ilícitas, uso de piercings, prática sexual com parceiros do mesmo sexo, uso de drogas antes das relações sexuais e conhecimento sobre a forma de transmissão. No modelo multivariado permaneceu associada apenas o uso de drogas antes das relações sexuais. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário promover articulação entre esferas governamentais e entre gestão da saúde e da justiça, para elaborar estratégias de modo a contemplar a demanda de saúde dos internos do sistema prisional do Estado. (AU)
Objective: The objective was to analyze the prevalence of syphilis and risk factors in inmates in prisons in the State of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study carried out with 2,131 inmates. In inferential statistics, hypothesis tests were applied, using logistic regression. The level of significance used was 5%. Results: The prevalence of positivity for syphilis was 8.4% (95% CI = 7.3-9.6), 19.5% in females and 80.5% in males. In the bivariate analysis, an association was observed between syphilis and the variables: sex, use of illicit drugs, use of piercings, sexual practice with partners of the same sex, use of drugs before sexual intercourse and knowledge about the form of transmission. In the multivariate model, only drug use remained associated before sexual intercourse. Conclusion: It is necessary to promote articulation between governmental spheres and between health and justice management, in order to develop strategies in order to contemplate the health demand of inmates in the state prison system. (AU)
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la prevalencia de sífilis y factores de riesgo en reclusos en cárceles del estado de Piauí, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico transversal realizado con 2.131 internos. En estadística inferencial se aplicaron pruebas de hipótesis mediante regresión logística. El nivel de significancia utilizado fue del 5%. Resultados: La prevalencia de positividad para sífilis fue del 8,4% (IC 95% = 7,3-9,6), siendo 19,5% en mujeres y 80,5% en hombres. En el análisis bivariado se observó asociación entre sífilis y las variables: género, uso de drogas ilícitas, uso de piercings, práctica sexual con parejas del mismo sexo, uso de drogas antes de la relación sexual y conocimiento sobre la forma de transmisión. En el modelo multivariado, solo el consumo de drogas antes de las relaciones sexuales permaneció asociado. Conclusion: Es necesario promover la articulación entre los ámbitos gubernamentales y entre la gestión de la salud y la justicia, a fin de desarrollar estrategias para atender la demanda de salud de los internos del sistema penitenciario estatal. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Sífilis , Prisiones , Enfermería en Salud Pública , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is a novel catecholamine that is released from human umbilical cord vessels and Chelonoidis carbonaria aortic rings. The synthesis/release of 6-ND is inhibited by either pre-incubation of the vessels with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME or by mechanical removal of the endothelium. 6-ND causes powerful vasorelaxation, acting as a potent and selective dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist. Basal release of 6-ND from Panterophis guttatus endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings was quantified by LC-MS/MS. In order to evaluate the interaction of 6-ND with other catecholamines, aortic rings were suspended vertically between two metal hooks in 10-mL organ baths containing Krebs-Henseleit's solution and attached to isometric transducers. Endothelium intact aortic rings presented basal release of 6-ND, which was significantly reduced by previous incubation with L-NAME (100 µM). In endothelin-1 (3 nM) pre-contracted endothelium intact aortic rings, 6-ND (10pM-1 µM) and the dopamine D2-receptor antagonist L-761,626 (10 pM-1 µM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations, which were not affected by incubation with L-NAME but greatly reduced in endothelium-removed aortic rings. 6-ND (0.1-1 µM) produced significant rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves to dopamine in L-NAME pre-treated endothelium-intact (pA2 7.01) rings. Contractions induced by noradrenaline and adrenaline were not affected by pre-incubation with 6-ND (1 µM). The EFS-induced contractions of L-NAME pre-treated endothelium-intact aortic rings were significantly inhibited by incubation with 6-ND (1 µM). The results indicate that 6-ND released from Pantherophis guttatus aortic rings is coupled to NO release and represents a new mechanism by which NO can modulate vascular reactivity independently of cGMP production.
Asunto(s)
Dopamina , Óxido Nítrico , Aorta Torácica , Cromatografía Liquida , Dopamina/análogos & derivados , Endotelina-1/farmacología , Epinefrina , Humanos , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is an endogenous modulator of the contractility in the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD) and considered to be the main peripheral mediator of the emission process. Use of selective and unselective ß-adrenergic receptor antagonists has been associated with ejaculatory failure. Here, the effects of selective ß1- and ß1/ß2-adrenergic receptor antagonists on RIEVD contractions induced by 6-ND, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and electric-field stimulation (EFS) were investigated. The selective ß1-adrenergic receptor antagonists atenolol (0.1 and 1 µï»¿M), betaxolol (1 µï»¿M), and metoprolol (1 µï»¿M) and the unselective ß1/ß2-adrenergic receptor antagonists propranolol (1 and 10 µï»¿M) and pindolol (10 µï»¿M) caused significant rightward shifts of the concentration-response curve to 6-ND (pA2 6.41, 6.91, 6.75, 6.47, and 5.74; for atenolol, betaxolol, metoprolol, propranolol, and pindolol), but had no effect on dopamine-, noradrenaline-, and adrenaline-induced contractions. The effects of selective ß1- and ß1/ß2-adrenergic receptor antagonists at a higher concentration (atenolol 1 µï»¿M, betaxolol 1 µï»¿M, metoprolol 1 µï»¿M, propranolol 10 µï»¿M, and pindolol 10 µï»¿M) also reduced the EFS-induced RIEVD contractions in control, but not in RIEVD obtained from L-NAME-treated animals. The selective ß1-adrenoceptor agonist RO-363, the selective ß2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol, and the selective ß3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron, up to 300 µï»¿M, had no effect on the RIEVD tone. The results demonstrate that ß1- and ß1-/ß2-adrenoceptor receptor antagonists act as 6-ND receptor antagonists in RIEVD, further confirming the main role of 6-ND in the RIEVD contractility.
Asunto(s)
Propranolol , Conducto Deferente , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 1/farmacología , Antagonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/farmacología , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Animales , Atenolol/farmacología , Betaxolol/farmacología , Dopamina/análogos & derivados , Epinefrina/farmacología , Masculino , Metoprolol/farmacología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Pindolol/farmacología , Propranolol/farmacología , RatasRESUMEN
The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Empatía , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Autocompasión , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of star-shape Kinesio taping (KT) compared with both sham KT and minimal intervention (MI) on pain intensity and postural control. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) aged 18-60 years (N=120). INTERVENTIONS: Star-shape KT, sham KT (no tension), and MI (educational booklet for self-management counseling). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were pain intensity and center of pressure (COP) mean sway speed, and disability score (Oswestry Disability Index) was a secondary outcome. The outcomes were obtained immediately after initial KT application, on the seventh day of intervention and at the 1-month follow-up. Linear mixed-model analyses using Bonferroni post hoc analyses were applied to investigate between-group differences. The model included treatment, time, and treatment×time interaction as fixed effects. RESULTS: Pain intensity was significantly lower for the star-shape KT group than for the MI group (mean difference [MD], -1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.63 to -0.07) immediately after the intervention and on the seventh day of intervention (MD, -1.32; 95% CI, -2.56 to -0.07). No difference in pain intensity between star-shape KT vs sham-KT groups was observed. In addition, no significant between-group differences were observed for the COP mean sway speed and disability score at any of the follow-up times. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed no meaningful effect of star-shape KT intervention on pain intensity and postural control in people with CLBP compared with MI or sham KT. The observed reduction of 1.3 units between star-shape KT and MI groups was statistically different, but it could not be considered clinically relevant. The results of this trial suggest that benefits from KT are more likely attributable to contextual factors rather than specific taping parameters.
Asunto(s)
Cinta Atlética , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/fisiopatología , Dolor de la Región Lumbar/terapia , Manejo del Dolor/métodos , Equilibrio Postural/fisiología , Adulto , Dolor Crónico/fisiopatología , Dolor Crónico/terapia , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
As armas de fogo são instrumentos letais que estão relacionados a uma grande quantia de homicídios no Brasil, além de traumas e violências. Assim, o atendimento pré-hospitalar e hospitalar é importante na tentativa de diminuir os índices de mortalidade por causas externas. Esta revisão de literatura teve como objetivo demonstrar as formas protocoladas de atendimento atuais a um paciente com trauma por projétil de arma de fogo (AU).
Firearms are lethal instruments that are related to a large amount of homicides in Brazil, as well as traumas and violence. Thus, pre-hospital and hospital care is important in the attempt to reduce mortality rates due to external causes. This literature review aimed to demonstrate the current protocol forms of care for a patient with gunshot wound. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/terapia , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/epidemiología , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/complicaciones , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Atención de Apoyo Vital Avanzado en Trauma/normasRESUMEN
Objetivo: Descrever a vivência prática de uma ação de educação em saúde com mulheres indígenas sobre os cânceres de mama e cervical. Síntese dos dados: Trata-se de um relato de experiência, realizada por residentes multiprofissionais em Saúde da Família e Comunidade por meio de uma ação em saúde coletiva, efetivada em junho de 2017, com mulheres adultas e idosas na comunidade indígena Nazaré, localizada no município de Lagoa de São Francisco, Piauí, Brasil. A temática dessa ação era a prevenção dos cânceres de mama e cervical, e optou-se por utilizar a dinâmica de "mito ou verdade", numa facilitação conduzida por preceptores com seus residentes, a qual permitiu agregar conhecimento científico e popular, esclarecer dúvidas e promover a educação em saúde. Conclusão: O momento proporcionou um espaço emancipador de ensino e aprendizagem, de modo que debater a temática dos cânceres de mama e cervical, dentro de um ambiente emancipatório, exigiu dos facilitadores o manejo do uso de metodologia baseada na Educação Popular em Saúde, possibilitando a comunicação com o públicoalvo a partir de sua especificidade, sendo este o maior aprendizado para as práticas futuras dos residentes do programa.
Objective: To describe the practical experience of a health education action with indigenous women on breast and cervical cancers. Data synthesis: This is an experience report, conducted by multi-professional residents in Family and Community Health through action in collective health, carried out in June 2017, with adult and elderly women in the Nazaré indigenous community, located in the Lagoa de São Francisco, Piauí, Brazil. The theme of this action was the prevention of breast and cervical cancers, and it was decided to use the "myth or truth" dynamic, in a facilitation conducted by preceptors with their residents, which allowed them to add scientific and popular knowledge, clarify doubts and promote health education. Conclusion: The moment provided an emancipatory space for teaching and learning, so that debating the theme of breast and cervical cancers, within an emancipatory environment, required the facilitators to manage the use of a methodology based on Popular Education in Health, enabling the communication with the target audience based on their specificity, this being the greatest learning for the future practices of the program's residents.
Objetivo: Describir la vivencia práctica de una acción de educación en salud con mujeres indígenas sobre los canceres de mama y cervical. Síntesis de datos: Se trata de un relato de experiencia realizada por estudiantes multiprofissionales de Salud de la Familia y Comunidad a través de una acción de salud colectiva en junio de 2017 con mujeres adultas y mayores de la comunidad indígena Nazaré localizada en el municipio de Lagoa de São Francisco, Piauí, Brasil. La temática de la acción ha sido la prevención de cánceres de mama y cervical con la dinámica de "mito o verdad" realizada durante una facilitación dirigida por preceptores y sus estudiantes la cual ha permitido unir los conocimientos científico y popular, aclarar las dudas y promocionar la educación en salud. Conclusión: El momento ha ofrecido un espacio emancipador de enseñanza y aprendizaje de tal manera que el debate de la temática de los cánceres de mama y cervical en el ambiente emancipatorio ha exigido de los facilitadores el manejo del uso de metodología basada en la Educación Popular en Salud permitiendo la comunicación con el público propuesto a partir de su especificidad que ha sido el mayor aprendizaje para las prácticas futuras de los estudiantes del programa.
Asunto(s)
Salud de la Mujer , Salud de Poblaciones Indígenas , Promoción de la SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is a key element to support host homeostasis and the development of the immune system. The relationship between the microbiota and immunity is a 2-way road, in which the microbiota contributes to the development/function of immune cells and immunity can affect the composition of microbes. In this context, natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are distinct T lymphocytes that play a role in gut immunity and are influenced by gut microbes. In our work, we investigated the involvement of invariant NKT cells (iNKT) in intestinal homeostasis. RESULTS: We found that iNKT-deficient mice (iNKT-KO) had reduced levels of fecal IgA and an altered composition of the gut microbiota, with increased Bacteroidetes. The absence of iNKT cells also affected TGF-ß1 levels and plasma cells, which were significantly reduced in knockout (KO) mice. In addition, when submitted to dextran sodium sulfate colitis, iNKT-KO mice had worsening of colitis when compared with wild-type (WT) mice. To further address iNKT cell contribution to intestinal homeostasis, we adoptively transferred iNKT cells to KO mice, and they were submitted to colitis. Transfer of iNKT cells improved colitis and restored fecal IgA levels and gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that intestinal NKT cells are important modulators of intestinal homeostasis and that gut microbiota composition may be a potential target in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.