RESUMEN

Wound care management presents one of the substantial and tenacious challenges to the healthcare systems worldwide. Microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation after injury have garnered much attention, as there is an appreciable correlation between biofilms formation and delayed healing in chronic wounds. Nanotechnology has emerged as a potential platform for the management of treating acute and chronic wounds. This study presents the utility of electrospun nanofiber mats containing a natural extract (Gymnema sylvestre) that averts biofilm formation but supports human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) attachment. The scaffolds exhibited good wettability, enhanced mechanical properties and contact mediated inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MTS viability assay and confocal imaging further confirmed that the natural extract loaded mats remained non-cytotoxic for hDFs. Overall these findings evidenced the suitability of the Gymnema sylvestre (GS) functionalized electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, as an effective wound dressing with broad spectrum anti-bacterial properties.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Gymnema sylvestre/química , Nanofibras/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Poliésteres/química , Alcaloides/farmacología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dermis/citología , Conductividad Eléctrica , Fibroblastos/citología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanofibras/ultraestructura , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Estrés Mecánico , Propiedades de Superficie , Viscosidad

RESUMEN

Exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to any living organism. It may cause varying levels of genetic mutation or ultimately death. Synthetic compounds have been used to counteract the hazardous effect of radiation on the live cells, but the possibility of these synthetic compounds being harmful to the organism being treated also exists. Herbal formulations are thus being explored as a possible alternative for the synthetic radioprotectant. Induction of DNA damage in fishes caused by ionizing radiation and its protection by phytocompounds is a hardly studied topic. In this study, we analyzed the radioprotective effect of Gymnema sylvestre leaves extract (GS) and its active compound gymnemagenin (GG) against different doses of gamma radiation (60Co) on the freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi. The radioprotective efficacy was assessed by micronuclei and alkaline comet assays. The freshwater fish P. sutchi was pre-treated with intramuscular injection (IM) of amifostine (83.3 mg/kg of B.W.), GS (25 mg/kg of B.W.) and GG (0.3 mg/kg of B.W.), 1 h prior to the gamma radiation. The fishes were exposed to LD30, LD50 and LD70 of gamma radiation and the protection activities were assessed by analyzing the number of micronuclei (MN) and erythrocytic abnormalities in the blood after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days after exposure. Compared to the irradiated fishes, frequency of erythrocytic abnormalities were decreased in response to the radio-protection in the amifostine treated groups for all three doses of gamma radiation (LD70 - 77.62%), (LD50 - 80.11%) and (LD30 - 82.30%); GS (LD70 - 62.66%), (LD50 - 69.74%) and (LD30 - 70.81%); and GG (LD70 - 49.42%), (LD50 - 53.43%) and (LD30 - 58.42%). Similarly, a significant radio-protective effect in terms of decremented DNA damage was observed using the comet assay after post exposure. The percentage of protection noted for amifostine was (LD70 - 58.68%), (LD50 - 64.52%) and (LD30 - 74.40%); GS (LD70 - 53.84%), (LD50 - 59.02%) and (LD30 - 65.97%); GG (LD70 - 49.85%), (LD50 - 52.56%) and (LD30 - 64.30%). From the current study, we can conclude that the radioprotective efficacy of the GS is similar to the synthetic compound (amifostine) and also greater than the bioactive compound (GG). The synergetic effect of the plant extract which leads to a better protection than the bioactive compound must be further studied. MN and Comet assays can easily identify the damage due to radiation exposure and thus can be used as predictive biomarkers for aquatic organisms exposed to radiation.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores/análisis , Bagres , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Alcaloides/farmacología , Amifostina/farmacología , Animales , Bioensayo , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Agua Dulce , Gymnema sylvestre/química , Masculino , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química

RESUMEN

The early biomarkers for the hematological, serological and histological alterations due to the effect of ½ and » LC50 of 238U in different organs in freshwater fish Pangasius sutchi for water-borne 238U accumulation was investigated. The toxicological data due to 238U accumulation on the hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and hematocrit (Hct) to evaluate the oxygen carrying capacity has been indicated as the secondary response of the organisms. The biomarkers of liver damage were determined as by Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), γ-Glutamyl Transferase (γ-GT). Similarly, the renal biomarkers of kidney damage were accessed by creatinine, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol. The decrease in hemoglobin in the experimental group due to disturbed synthesis of hemoglobin was directly proportional to the concentration and exposure duration of 238U. The histological studies proved that liver and gills are the target organ for 238U toxicity. The extensive histological lesions were observed in various tissues due to oxidative stress by the accumulation of 238U, and the 238U toxicity in the organs was in the order of Gills

Asunto(s)

Bagres , Uranio/toxicidad , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua/toxicidad , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Bagres/sangre , Bagres/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Proteínas de Peces/sangre , Branquias/efectos de los fármacos , Branquias/metabolismo , Branquias/patología , Hematócrito , Hemoglobinas , Recuento de Leucocitos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Músculos/patología , Uranio/farmacocinética , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua/farmacocinética , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangre

RESUMEN

Ten sampling locations in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam have been selected to assess the suitability of the reservoir water for human consumption. The sediment, water, and fish samples were collected and analyzed for radionuclide (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) and physicochemical parameters like pH, TOC, total hardness, alkalinity, DO, cation exchange capacity, and particle size. The spatial variations among the radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 210Po, 226Ra, 210Pb) in water and bottom sediments of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam were determined. The uranium concentration in the sediment and water was in BDL (<0.5 ppb). The maximum permissible limits in water samples of the analyzed radionuclides are 238U-10 Bq/l, 210Po-0.1 Bq/l, 226Ra-1 Bq/l, and 210Pb-0.1 Bq/l. The radionuclides in our water samples were approximately 50 times far below the recommended limit. The ingestion of water and fish would not pose any significant radiological impact on health or cancer risk to the public, implicating that the fishes from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam reservoir are safe for human consumption except the fisherman community.

Asunto(s)

Peces , Minería , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Contaminantes Radiactivos/análisis , Radioisótopos/análisis , Uranio , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos , Agua Dulce , Humanos , Monitoreo de Radiación , Agua

RESUMEN

The strategic plan of this study is to analyze any possible radiological impact on aquatic organisms from forthcoming uranium mining facilities around the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in the future. The predominantly consumed and dominant fish species Pangasius sutchi, which is available year-round at Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, was selected for the study. To comprehend the outcome and to understand the mode of action of 238U, the fish species Pangasius sutchi was exposed to » and ½ of the LC50 doses of waterborne 238U in a static system in duplicate for 21 days. Blood and organs, including the gills, liver, brain and muscles, were collected at different time periods-0h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 7, days 14days and 21 days-using ICP-MS to determine the toxic effects of uranium and the accumulation of 238U concentrations. The bioaccumulation of 238U in P. sutchi tissues was dependent on exposure time and concentration. The accumulation of uranium was, in order of magnitude, measured as gills>liver>brain>tissue, with the highest accumulation in the gills. It was observed that exposure to 238U significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidase. The analysis of DNA fragmentation by comet assay and cell viability by flow cytometry was performed at different time intervals. DNA histograms by flow cytometry analysis revealed an increase in the G2/M phase and the S phase. The long-term 238U exposure studies in fish showed increasing micronucleus frequencies in erythrocytes with greater exposure time. The higher the concentration of 238U is, the greater is the effect observed, suggesting a close relationship between accumulation and toxicity. A possible ROS-mediated 238U toxicity mechanism and antioxidant responses have been proposed.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Bagres/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Agua Dulce , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Uranio/toxicidad , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo Cometa , Daño del ADN , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Citometría de Flujo , Branquias/efectos de los fármacos , Branquias/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Músculos/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos/metabolismo , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Especificidad de Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Agua/toxicidad

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gymnema sylvestre is an ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plant used in many polyherbal formulations for its potential health benefits. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were biofunctionalized using aqueous leaf extracts of G. sylvestre. The anticancer properties of the bioactive compounds and the biofunctionalized SNPs were compared using the HT29 human adenoma colon cancer cell line. METHODS: The preliminary phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds from aqueous extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. Biofunctionalized SNPs were synthesized using silver nitrate and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction for size and shape. The characterized biofunctionalized G. sylvestre were tested for its in vitro anticancer activity against HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. RESULTS: The biofunctionlized G. sylvestre SNPs showed the surface plasmon resonance band at 430 nm. The scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of spherical nanoparticles of various sizes, which were further determined using the Scherrer equation. In vitro cytotoxic activity of the biofunctionalized green-synthesized SNPs (GSNPs) indicated that the sensitivity of HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells for cytotoxic drugs is higher than that of Vero cell line for the same cytotoxic agents and also higher than the bioactive compound of the aqueous extract. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the anticancer properties of the bioactive compounds of G. sylvestre can be enhanced through biofunctionalizing the SNPs using the bioactive compounds present in the plant extract without compromising their medicinal properties.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Gymnema sylvestre/química , Nanopartículas/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plata/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/química , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células HT29 , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Plantas Medicinales , Saponinas/química , Plata/química , Nitrato de Plata/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Triterpenos/química , Células Vero , Difracción de Rayos X

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To study the distribution of Polonium ((210)Po) activity in dietary sources in the high background radiation zone of Puttetti in southern Tamil Nadu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: (210)Po was analyzed in the food materials consumed by the male and female individual representatives living in the high background areas by 24-h Duplicate Diet Study (DDS) and Market Basket Study (MBS). The MBS was performed by collecting the food samples such as, cereals, fruits, leafy vegetables, roots and tubers, other vegetables, fish, meat and milk grown in the high background radiation zone of southern Tamil Nadu as a part of baseline study in this region. The DDS was done by collecting the food materials consumed including the beverages in 24 h from different age groups of male and female individuals living in the village of Puttetti. The intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclide (210)Po was estimated. RESULTS: The average concentration of (210)Po in DDS (n = 33) was found to be 74 mBq.kg(- 1) of fresh weight. The MBS was collected based on food consumption representing more than 85-95% of annual supply, and were divided into eight food groups. The average concentration of (210)Po in the eight food groups namely leafy vegetables was 2176 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 3), vegetables 55 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 10), roots and tubers 251 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 4), fruits 65 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 5), fish 345 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 2), meat food 117 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 3), milk 20 mBq.kg(- 1) (n = 1) and cereal 290 (n = 1) mBq.kg(- 1) of fresh weight, respectively. The annual intake and ingestion dose due to (210)Po was estimated by DDS and MBS in adults, adolescents and children. The overall results showed that the MBS was moderately higher than the DDS in all age groups. Moreover, a DDS approach may even be more realistic, as cooked foodstuffs are used for dietary exposure assessment. CONCLUSION: The study confirms that the current levels of (210)Po do not pose a significant radiological risk to the local inhabitants.

Asunto(s)

Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Contaminación Radiactiva de Alimentos/análisis , Modelos Biológicos , Polonio/administración & dosificación , Polonio/análisis , Administración Oral , Adulto , Radiación de Fondo , Simulación por Computador , Dieta , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Dosis de Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Recuento Corporal Total

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Gymnema sylvestre is a highly valued ethno pharmacologically important medicinal plant used currently in many poly-herbal formulations due to its potential antidiabetic activity and other health benefits. The present study was carried out to analyze the anti-stress, anti-allergic, and antiulcer activity of the bioactive compounds present in Gymnema sylvestre leaves. METHODS: The preliminary phytochemical screening for bioactive compounds from aqueous extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. The antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH radical scavenging method. The characterization of the extract was carried out using standard compound by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and phytochemical analysis in terms of total phenol, total flavonoids, reducing power and antioxidant potentials, etc. The in vivo studies on albino mice proved the purified fraction has anti-stress/anti-allergic activity against milk induced leucocytosis/eosinophilia and able to inhibit the aspirin induced gastric ulcers. RESULTS: The quantitative estimation for aqueous extract exhibited total antioxidant (9.13 ± 0.04 µg/g), flavonoids (125.62 ± 26.84 µg/g), tannin (111.53 ± 15.13 µg/g), total phenol content (285.23 ± 1.11 µg/g) and free radical scavenging (52.14 ± 0.32%). Further the aqueous extract was consecutively purified by TLC and silica column chromatography. The purified fractions were characterized by HPTLC and GC-MS and the component was identified as gymnemic acid. The potency of the antimicrobial activity of the extract was studied with bacteria. Pharmacological experiments clearly demonstrated that the extracts of all plants given orally showed significant gastric protection against the asprin-induced gastric ulcer model in mice. Furthermore, healing effects were also confirmed through histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous extracts of the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre possess anti ulcerogenic, Anti allergic, Anti stress, properties that may be due to cytoprotective mechanism. These results support the ethno medical uses of the plant in the treatment of gastric ulcer.

Asunto(s)

Antialérgicos/farmacología , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Gymnema sylvestre/química , Saponinas/farmacología , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antialérgicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antialérgicos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiulcerosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiulcerosos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Aspirina , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Eosinofilia/inducido químicamente , Eosinofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratones , Leche , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta , Polifenoles/análisis , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Saponinas/uso terapéutico , Úlcera Gástrica/inducido químicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/patología , Taninos/análisis , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

The exploitation of various plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles is considered a green technology as it does not involve any harmful chemicals. The aim of this study was to develop a simple biological method for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Chrysopogon zizanioides. To exploit various plant materials for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles was considered a green technology. An aqueous leaf extract of C. zizanioides was used to synthesize silver and gold nanoparticles by the bioreduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) respectively. Water-soluble organics present in the plant materials were mainly responsible for reducing silver or gold ions to nanosized Ag or Au particles. The synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The kinetics decline reactions of aqueous silver/gold ion with the C. zizanioides crude extract were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. SEM analysis showed that aqueous gold ions, when exposed to the extract were reduced and resulted in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles in the size range 20-50 nm. This eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles is simple, can be scaled up for large-scale production with powerful bioactivity as demonstrated by the synthesized silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles can have clinical use as antibacterial, antioxidant, as well as cytotoxic agents and can be used for biomedical applications.

Asunto(s)

Biotecnología/métodos , Chrysopogon/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanotecnología/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/metabolismo , Oro/química , Oro/metabolismo , Tamaño de la Partícula , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Plata/química , Plata/metabolismo , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Difracción de Rayos X

RESUMEN

In this experiment, green-synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were produced rapidly by treating silver and gold ions with an extract of Memecylon umbellatum leaf. The reaction process was simple and easy to handle, and was monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The effect of the phytochemicals present in M. umbellatum, including saponins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and quinones, on formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and crystalline phase of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the saponins, phytosterols, and phenolic compounds present in the plant extract play a major role in formation of silver and gold nanoparticles in their respective ions in solution. The characteristics of the nanoparticles formed suggest application of silver and gold nanoparticles as chemical sensors in the future. Given the simple and eco-friendly approach for synthesis, these nanoparticles could easily be commercialized for large-scale production.

Asunto(s)

Oro/química , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Melastomataceae/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fenoles/química , Fitosteroles/análisis , Fitosteroles/química , Fitosteroles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Saponinas/química , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier

RESUMEN

Use of plant extracts for treatment of burns and wound is a common practice followed over the decades and it is an important aspect of health management. Many medicinal plants have a long history of curative properties in wound healing. Electrospun nanofibers provide high porosity with large surface area-to-volume ratio and are more appropriate for cell accommodation, nutrition infiltration, gas exchange and waste excretion. Electrospinning makes it possible to combine the advantages of utilizing these plant extracts in the form of nanofibrous mats to serve as skin graft substitutes. In this study, we investigated the potential of electrospinning four different plant extracts, namely Indigofera aspalathoides, Azadirachta indica, Memecylon edule (ME) and Myristica andamanica along with a biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL) for skin tissue engineering. The ability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) to proliferate on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds was evaluated via cell proliferation assay. HDF proliferation on PCL/ME nanofibers was found the highest among all the other electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds and it was 31% higher than the proliferation on PCL nanofibers after 9 days of cell culture. The interaction of HDF with the electrospun scaffold was studied by F-actin and collagen staining studies. The results confirmed that PCL/ME had the least cytotoxicity among the different plant extract containing scaffolds studied here. Therefore we performed the epidermal differentiation of adipose derived stem cells on PCL/ME scaffolds and obtained early and intermediate stages of epidermal differentiation. Our studies demonstrate the potential of electrospun PCL/ME nanofibers as substrates for skin tissue engineering.

Asunto(s)

Nanofibras/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Poliésteres/química , Piel Artificial , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Andamios del Tejido/química , Actinas/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/citología , Azadirachta/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Colágeno/análisis , Células Epidérmicas , Fibroblastos/citología , Humanos , Indigofera/química , Myristicaceae/química , Nanofibras/ultraestructura , Porosidad , Células Madre/citología