RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and persistent CD8(+) lymphocyte depletion rapidly leads to encephalitis and neuronal injury. The objective of this study is to confirm that CD8 depletion alone does not induce brain lesions in the absence of SIV infection. METHODS: Four rhesus macaques were monitored by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1) H-MRS) before and biweekly after anti-CD8 antibody treatment for 8 weeks and compared with four SIV-infected animals. Post-mortem immunohistochemistry was performed on these eight animals and compared with six uninfected, non-CD8-depleted controls. RESULTS: CD8-depleted animals showed stable metabolite levels and revealed no neuronal injury, astrogliosis or microglial activation in contrast to SIV-infected animals. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations observed in MRS and lesions in this accelerated model of neuroAIDS result from unrestricted viral expansion in the setting of immunodeficiency rather than from CD8(+) lymphocyte depletion alone.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/patología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/patología , Depleción Linfocítica/veterinaria , Macaca mulatta , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/patología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/metabolismo , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Astrocitos/patología , Astrocitos/virología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/virología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/virología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Encefalitis Viral/inmunología , Encefalitis Viral/metabolismo , Encefalitis Viral/patología , Encefalitis Viral/veterinaria , Citometría de Flujo/veterinaria , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica/veterinaria , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Microglía/metabolismo , Microglía/patología , Microglía/virología , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Monos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Monos/patología , Enfermedades de los Monos/virología , Neuronas/metabolismo , Neuronas/patología , Neuronas/virología , Protones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/fisiología , Sinaptofisina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Intra luminal hypopharyngeal and oesophageal foreign bodies are common. Among these the incidence of open safety pin is relatively uncommon and the occurrence of multiple open safety pins in the same ' individual is a very rare phenomenon. Removal of one open safety pin itself is a surgical enigma, as inadvertant attempts at removal may cause the pointed end to get impacted submucosally or intramurally or may cause oesophageal tear and calls for the assistance of a thoracic surgeon. This article intends to highlight the occurrence of multiple open safety pins in the lumen of the oesophagus and its difficulty in successful retrieval.
RESUMEN
A rare case of malignant pleomorphic fibrous histiocytoma of the larynx in a 40-year-old male patient is reported, with a review of the literature. This paper is a further contribution to the knowledge of rare tumours of the larynx. Radical surgery, as adopted in this case, is an accepted procedure.