RESUMEN
The identification, management, and prevention of concussion across all competitive sports and athletic populations has been a notable topic of research over the last decade. Soccer is no exception, with over a billion participants worldwide. In soccer, 3 distinct subsets of head injuries are often the contributors to concussion: head-to-equipment, head-to-surface, and head-to-player collisions. Recognition of concussion is crucial, and ideally made on the sideline during competitive play. Recently updated screening tools include the SCAT6 and ChildSCAT6, which are widely utilized at all levels of play. Management of concussion is divided into on-field and in clinic management. Initial management includes removal from the field of play. There is increased emphasis on earlier incorporation of exercise prescription as a means to improve recovery in the concussed athlete. While few objective diagnostic tests exist to identify concussion, many are in development, most notably advanced imaging and biomarker modalities.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos en Atletas , Conmoción Encefálica , Fútbol , Humanos , Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico , Conmoción Encefálica/terapia , Fútbol/lesiones , Traumatismos en Atletas/diagnóstico , Traumatismos en Atletas/terapiaAsunto(s)
Gripe Humana , Medicina Deportiva , Brotes de Enfermedades , Humanos , Gripe Humana/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Development of accessible cost-effective technology to objectively, reliably, and accurately predict musculoskeletal injury risk could aid the effort to prevent chronic pain and disability. Recent work on micro-Doppler radar suggests it merits investigation towards these goals. The micro-Doppler signals that are created can infer differences in gross movements such as walking versus crawling in military settings where direct vision is not possible. Unique micro-Doppler signals may be able to identify more subtle movement patterns which would not be easily seen by the human eye. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can micro Doppler radar predictably and accurately identify subtle differences in movement conditions? METHODS: This is a cross sectional study recruiting NCAA athletes to jump in front of the micro-Doppler radar barefoot, with shoes, and shoes with a heel lift. The micro-Doppler radar signature projection algorithm was developed to determine whether the radar is able to distinguish the three distinct movement patterns. RESULTS: Confusion matrices were used to visualize the performance of the support-vector machine at the 80/20 test/train split correctly classifying barefoot subjects, shoes and heel lift, and shoes correctly at 0° with respect to the radar 90.9 %, 86.7 %, and 89.5 % of the time, respectively. At 90° with respect to the radar, it was successful 94.1 %, 100 %, and 80 % of the time, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the micro-Doppler radar signature projection algorithm is highly accurate and able to predict subtle differences in movement that are not readily observed with conventional motion capture systems. Future studies are needed to better understand if micro-Doppler signals can identify pathologic movement patterns or movement that is associated with increased risk of injury.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Traumatismos en Atletas/prevención & control , Aprendizaje Automático , Movimiento/fisiología , Radar , Ultrasonografía Doppler/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos en Atletas/etiología , Traumatismos en Atletas/fisiopatología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Medición de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
These studies show covalent attachment of multilayers (CAM) to chemically alter surfaces to achieve pH switchable antimicrobial and anticoagulant properties. Polyethylene (PE), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and silicon (Si) surfaces were functionalized by tethering pH-responsive "switching" polyelectrolytes consisting of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) terminated with NH2 and COOH groups, respectively. At pH < 2.3, the P2VP segments are protonated and expended, but at pH > 5.5, they collapse while the PAA segments are expanded. The presence of terminal NH2 or COOH moieties on P2VP and PAA, respectively, facilitated the opportunity for covalently bonding ampicillin (AMP) and heparin (HEP) to both polyelectrolyte chains. Such surfaces, when exposed to S. aureus, inhibit the growth of microbial films (AMP) as well as anticoagulant properties (HEP). Comparison of "dynamic" pH dependent surfaces developed in these studies with "static" surfaces terminated with (AMP) entities shows significant enhancement in the longevity of surface activity against microbial film formation.