RESUMEN

For dual-earner expatriate couples (DEECs), it is particularly challenging to achieve career satisfaction after relocating to another country and the associated career transitions. While studies have addressed the strenuous career pathways of individuals in DEECs, the identification and empirical analysis of resources that may contribute to the attainment of career satisfaction remains a desideratum. This research investigates the impact of self-enhancing humor and community embeddedness on individual career satisfaction and the crossover effects of humor on that of the partners in DEECs. Using data from 109 DEECs in Europe and Actor-Partner Interdependent Model (APIM), the results show that embeddedness in one's community mediated the relationship between humor and career satisfaction. The study also unfolded the crossover effects of humor within couples: Men's humor promoted their female partner's community embeddedness, which, in turn, promoted women's career satisfaction. This study entails fruitful implications for future research on DEECs and practical recommendations for relevant stakeholders to facilitate the careers of DEECs.

RESUMEN

The microwave spectrum of the fruit ester methyl valerate was recorded using two molecular jet Fourier transform spectrometers covering the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz. Quantum chemical calculations yielded 11 minima for the anti ester configuration, among them two were identified in the experimental spectrum. The methyl group in the methoxy moiety undergoes internal rotation, leading to torsional splittings of all rotational transitions into doublets. The barrier to internal rotation of the methoxy methyl group was deduced to be 417.724(70) cm-1 and 418.059(27) cm-1 for the C1 and the Cs conformer, respectively, essentially the same values as those in methyl alkanoates with shorter alkyl chains, which are methyl acetate, methyl propionate and methyl butyrate. Geometry parameters such as the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants could be determined with very high accuracy. Optimisations at different levels of theory were performed for a comparison with the experimental results. The MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory failed to calculate reliable rotational constants to guide the assigment of the C1 conformer, while the MP2/cc-pVDZ level fully succeeded.

RESUMEN

Methyl n-alkyl ketones form a class of molecules with interesting internal dynamics in the gas-phase. They contain two methyl groups undergoing internal rotations, the acetyl methyl group and the methyl group at the end of the alkyl chain. The torsional barrier of the acetyl methyl group is of special importance, since it allows for the discrimination of the conformational structures. As part of the series, the microwave spectrum of octan-2-one was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz, revealing two conformers, one with C1 and one with Cs symmetry. The barriers to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group were determined to be 233.340(28) cm-1 and 185.3490(81) cm-1 , respectively, confirming the link between conformations and barrier heights already established for other methyl alkyl ketones. Extensive comparisons to molecules in the literature were carried out, and a small overview of general trends and rules concerning the acetyl methyl torsion is given. For the hexyl methyl group, the barrier height is 973.17(60) cm-1 for the C1 conformer and 979.62(69) cm-1 for the Cs conformer.

RESUMEN

The microwave spectrum of heptan-2-one (CH3COC4H8CH3) was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz using two molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers. The two energetically most favorable conformers could be identified and fitted with standard deviations close to measurement accuracy. The splittings arising from the internal rotations of two methyl groups, the acetyl methyl group CH3CO- and the pentyl methyl group -C4H8CH3, could be resolved. The barriers to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group are 185.666(14) and 233.418(32) cm-1 for conformer I and II, respectively, and can be linked to their specific geometries. For the pentyl methyl group, the respective barrier heights are 982.22(86) and 979.2(21) cm-1.

Asunto(s)

Cetonas/química , Microondas , Feromonas/química , Teoría Funcional de la Densidad , Gases/química , Estructura Molecular , Rotación

RESUMEN

Many employees would prefer to reduce work time and can be defined as overemployed. However, the concept of overemployment is poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to define overemployment from employees' point of view, to explain why people work more than they prefer, and to understand the individual consequences it has. We investigate 26 overemployed employees using a Grounded Theory approach. We find that overemployment is a four-dimensional experience consisting of work time length, work time competition (with time outside work), work time distribution on tasks, and work density. A self-reinforcing circle of personal and situational drivers seems to explain the persistence of overemployment. Regarding the psychosocial consequences of overemployment, our findings show large variations, whereby work time sovereignty seems to play a moderating role. This study provides a multidimensional framework of overemployment that provides a basis for understanding employees' perceptions and behavior regarding overemployment and for deriving appropriate actions to reduce overemployment.

RESUMEN

Using two molecular jet Fourier transform spectrometers, the microwave spectrum of hexan-2-one, also called methyl n-butyl ketone, was recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz. Three conformers were assigned and fine splittings caused by the internal rotations of the two terminal methyl groups were analyzed. For the acetyl methyl group CH3 COC3 H6 CH3 , the torsional barrier is 186.9198(50) cm-1 , 233.5913(97) cm-1 , and 182.2481(25) cm-1 for the three observed conformers, respectively. The value of this parameter could be linked to the structure of the individual conformer, which enabled us to create a rule for predicting the barrier height of the acetyl methyl torsion in ketones. The very small splittings arising from the internal rotation of the butyl methyl group CH3 COC3 H6 CH3 could be resolved as well, yielding the respective torsional barriers of 979.99(88) cm-1 , 1016.30(77) cm-1 , and 961.9(32) cm-1 .

RESUMEN

The rotational spectra of two conformers of pentan-2-one (also known as methyl propyl ketone) were recorded in the frequency range from 2 to 40 GHz using two molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometers. Fine splittings due to the internal rotations of the acetyl methyl group CH3CO- and the butyryl methyl group -COCH2CH2CH3 were resolved and analyzed with high accuracy. The torsional barriers of the acetyl and the butyryl methyl groups are 238.14 and 979 cm-1, respectively, for the lowest energy conformer, as well as 188.384 and 1032 cm-1, respectively, for the other one. From the results obtained for the acetyl methyl group, a general rule to predict its torsional barrier in ketones based on the molecular symmetry is proposed.