RESUMEN
One of the candidate proteins for a mucosal vaccine antigen against Streptococcus pneumoniae is PsaA (pneumococcal surface antigen A). Vaccines targeting mucosal immunity may raise concerns as to possible alterations in the normal microbiota, especially in the case of PsaA, which was shown to have homologs with elevated sequence identity in other viridans group streptococci. In this work, we demonstrate that intranasal immunization with a cholera toxin B subunit-PsaA fusion protein is able to protect mice against colonization with S. pneumoniae but does not significantly alter the natural oral or nasopharyngeal microbiota of mice.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Proteínas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Toxina del Cólera/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Neumococicas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Administración Intranasal , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Toxina del Cólera/genética , Toxina del Cólera/inmunología , Toxina del Cólera/metabolismo , Femenino , Bacterias Grampositivas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Boca/microbiología , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & control , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/inmunología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
One of the candidate proteins for a mucosal vaccine antigen against Streptococcus pneumoniae is PsaA (pneumococcal surface antigen A). Vaccines targeting mucosal immunity may raise concerns as to possible alterations in the normal microbiota, especially in the case of PsaA, which was shown to have homologs with elevated sequence identify in other viridans group streptococci. In this work, we demonstrate that intranasal immunization with a cholera toxin B subunit-PsaA fusion protein is able to protect mice against colonization with S. pneumoniae but does not significantly alter the natural oral or nasopharyngeal microbiota of mice.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Ratas , Infecciones Neumocócicas/inmunología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/prevención & control , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Vacunas Neumococicas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Bacterias Grampositivas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Proteínas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Toxina del Cólera/genética , Toxina del Cólera/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a key factor in the development of invasive disease and the spread of resistant strains within the community. A single nasopharyngeal swab was obtained from 648 unvaccinated children aged <5 years, either healthy or with acute respiratory tract infection or meningitis, during the winters of 2000 and 2001. The overall pneumococcal carriage rate was 35.8% (95% CI 32.1-39.6). The pneumococcal serotypes found most frequently in the nasopharynx were 14, 6B, 6A, 19F, 10A, 23F and 18C, which included five of the seven serotypes in the currently licensed seven-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7); serotypes 4 and 9V were less common. Serotypes 1 and 5 were isolated rarely from the nasopharynx. A comparison of 222 nasopharyngeal isolates with 125 invasive isolates, matched for age and time to the carrier isolates, showed a similar prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci (PNSp) (19.8% and 19.2%, respectively). PNSp serotypes were similar (6B, 14, 19F, 19 A, 23B and 23F) for carriage and invasive disease isolates. The coverage of PCV7 for carriage isolates (52.2%) and invasive isolates (62.4%) did not differ significantly (p 0.06); similarly, there was no significant difference in PCV7 coverage for carriage isolates (34.5%) and invasive isolates (28.2%) of PNSp. These data suggest that PCV7 has the potential to reduce pneumococcal carriage and the number of carriers of PNSp belonging to vaccine serotypes.
Asunto(s)
Streptococcus pneumoniae/clasificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil/epidemiología , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Resistencia a las Penicilinas , Penicilinas/farmacología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Vacunas Neumococicas/administración & dosificación , Prevalencia , Serotipificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidad , Vacunación , Vacunas Conjugadas/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Donantes de Sangre , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Bancos de Sangre , Brasil , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción EnzimáticaRESUMEN
Dados de soroprevalencia para doenca de Chagas em primo-doadores de sangue obtidos num estudo seccional foram comparados com estimativas previas obtidas ha 15 anos na mesma populacao no intuito de estudar tendencia temporal da infeccao pelo T.cruzi. Durante o periodo de outubro de 1988 a abril de 1989, 1358 primo-doadores de sangue em seis dos oito bancos de sangue de Goiania-Goias foram rastreados sorologicamente para deteccao de anticorpos anti-T. cruzi pelas tecnicas de hemaglutinacao indireta (IHA) e fixacao de complemento (FC). Os doadores foram entrevistados colhendo-se informacoes sobre idade, sexo, naturalidade, historia de migracao e nivel socio-economico para a estimativa de soroprevalencias especificas. Foi obtida uma prevalencia global de 3,5 por cento (limites de confianca 95 por cento, 2,5-4,5), detectando-se um aumento de prevalencia com a idade ate os 45 anos e posterior decrescimo. Individuos procedentes de zona rural apresentaram taxas de soroprevalencias superiores aquelas obtidas entre os doadores de area urbana (1,8 por cento-16,2 por cento vs. 0 por cento-3,6 por cento). Foi observado um decrescimo de quatro vezes na taxa de prevalencia global quando se comparou os resultados atuais com estimativas obtidas nos estudos anteriores. Duas hipoteses foram sugeridas para explicar a variacao de prevalencia: 1. um efeito "coorte" relacionado ao decrescimo da transmissao em areas