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Objectives: To study the cytomorphological differences of both techniques and to study the relative advantages and limitations of both techniques. Materials: A total of five hundred cases were collected. The conventional Pap smears (CPS) were prepared with cytobrush, and the same brush head was suspended in LBC vial and processed by SurePath. Results: Of the 500 cases studied, the age ranged from 21 to 80 years with a mean of 40.02. The number of satisfactory smears in CPS and LBC was 490 and 496 cases, respectively. In conventional method, 417 cases (83.4%) and LBC 430 cases (86.0%) were inflammatory smears. The number of LSIL was 18 in conventional method and 15 in LBC. HSIL was 11 in CPS and 10 in LBC, and 8 squamous cell carcinoma cases were seen in LBC. Histopathological correlation was observed in 19 cases of which LBC showed sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: LBC may be considered better than conventional Pap smear due to better adequacy, clarity of background, detection of infections and increased sensitivity and specificity in detecting LSIL and HSIL.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This research study has been carried out to study the various morphological changes in the heart in medicolegal autopsies and to compile data for the frequency of heart diseases found in autopsy cases. METHODS: The present study comprised 430 medicolegal autopsy cases. Details of the cases were entered in a proforma prepared for the study. The heart was fixed in 10% formalin, and then, opened along the flow of blood. The findings were based on gross and microscopic examinations. RESULTS: Out of 430 adult hearts, 211 (49.0%) cases showed 253 cardiac lesions; 35 (8.1%) cases of coronary atherosclerosis and 196 (45.5%) aortic atherosclerosis were noted; 7 cases of ischemic lesions (1.6%) were identified; 12 (2.7%) cases of hypertrophy; 2 cases of valve calcification; and 1 of cardiomyopathy were noted. CONCLUSION: In the present study, among medicolegal autopsies, atherosclerotic disease was the most frequently encountered lesion followed by hypertrophy. The incidence of atherosclerosis was found to be 47.6%. This study shows the high prevalence of atherosclerosis in the population.

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Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are rare, accounting for 2-5% of salivary gland tumors and 5% of extranodal lymphomas, frequently seen in the parotid gland. There are single case reports mentioned in the literature. Clinical presentation is not characteristic and the disease is often overlooked with delay in diagnosis and treatment. We are reporting a case of bilateral parotid gland lymphoma in a 55-year-old male, presented with bilateral enlarged parotids. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral enlarged parotid glands with multiple well-defined intraparotid lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) of both showed mixed population of lymphoid cells with large monocytoid cells with scant cytoplasm, anisonucleosis with prominent nucleoli, and numerous mitoses suggestive of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Histopathology showed sheets of large lymphoma cells destructing the salivary acini and infiltrating the periparotid fat. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed diffuse CD20 positivity, B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (Bcl-6) was focally positive and negative for cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD5, CD10, and Multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (MUM1) which led to the diagnosis of NHL-Diffuse large B cell type.

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Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease is a benign, self-limiting disorder characterized by regional tender lymphadenopathy fever and night sweats. It most commonly affects Asian adult females younger than 40 years of age. We report a case of 26 year female who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, which on FNAC revealed Necrotizing Granulomatous inflammation which was unresponsive for three months of antitubercular therapy. A diagnosis of Kikuchi Fujimoto's disease was suggested on review of the slides at our institute and a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis.

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CONTEXT: Lymph nodes are the most common site of metastatic malignancy, and sometimes constitute the first clinical manifestation of the disease. Metastases are tumour implants discontinuous with the primary tumour. The characterization of a neoplasm as primary or metastatic has always troubled surgical pathologists. AIM: To study distribution of lymph node metastasis in North Karnataka region based on age, sex, location and morphological features, and to explore the utility of special stains and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in its diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study includes 228 cases of lymph node metastasis studied over a 10-year period (July 2004- June 2014). The H&E slides were reviewed, special stains and IHC done wherever necessary. RESULTS: Out of 228 cases, maximum were seen between 2012-2014 (79 cases; 34.65%). Age ranged from 16-85y (Mean- 47.02) with female predominance (Male:Female 1:2.55.). In 186 cases (81.58%) more than one lymph node received, while in majority of cases (35.09%) size of the lymph node was between 1-2cms. Most common site of metastasis was axillary lymph nodes (33.77%) followed by cervical (22.50%) and pelvic (9.64%). Primary was mainly from breast carcinoma (33.77%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (31.57%) and adenocarcinoma (10.52%). IHC in 60 cases with breast carcinoma metastasis showed ER positivity in 45.00%, PR positivity in 41.67% and HER2/neu positivity in 38.33%. CONCLUSION: Identification of the size, number, microscopic type and possible primary site of metastasis is important prognostically especially in breast carcinoma. This study elaborates the pattern of distribution of lymph node metastasis in North Karnataka region with IHC as an aid to diagnosis.

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Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ovary is a recently recognized, subtype of ovarian surface epithelial cancer; the pure form accounting for only 1% of surface epithelial tumors. It has been described as a primary ovarian carcinoma with definite urothelial features but no benign, metaplastic and/or proliferating Brenner tumor (BT) identified. Recognition of such tumours is important because of its rarity, favorable response to chemotherapy and an improved patient survival. A case series of primary TCC of the ovary (3 cases) with brief review of literature is being presented.

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BACKGROUND: Congenital malformations remain a common cause of perinatal deaths and even though ultrasonogram can give fairly accurate diagnosis, perinatal autopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis and look for associated malformations. OBJECTIVES: To emphasize the importance of perinatal autopsy in diagnosing congenital malformations and to compare the same with the prenatal ultrasound findings. METHODS: The present study comprises 100 consecutive perinatal autopsies conducted after obtaining the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. In cases where prenatal ultrasound findings were available they were compared with the autopsy findings. RESULTS: Out of 100 perinatal autopsies, 44 cases were congenital anomalies with M:F = 1:1.5. Majority of the fetuses with congenital malformations (36.36%) were therapeutically terminated, Cental nervous system malformations being the commonest indication. The most common timing of therapeutic termination being 20 -24weeks. Congenital malformations were common between 35-39 weeks gestational age and birth weight range 350- 1000g. The malformations involving the central nervous system were commonest, seen in 15 cases (34.09%) followed by renal anomalies in 9 cases (20.45%) and multiple malformations in 7cases ( 15.91%). Autopsy confirmed the prenatal ultrasound findings in 50% of the cases, added to diagnosis in 29.54%, while it completely changed the primary diagnosis in 9.09% of the cases. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of perinatal autopsy in confirming the diagnosis of congenital anomalies by prenatal ultrasound findings.

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The objective of this study was to assess the role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the diagnosis of filariasis. Cytological smears were studied during 2006-2009. Twenty-five cases with microfilaria were detected: 7 from lymph nodes, 5 from soft tissue, 4 from effusion fluids, 3 from breast tissue, 2 from liver tissue, 1 each from thyroid tissue, a cervicovaginal smear, a hernial sac and a spermatic cord cyst. Embryonated adult worms were seen in four cases and eosinophils were seen in 3 cases. In endemic areas the diagnosis of filariasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of swelling. This study highlights the importance of screening smears for parasites even in the absence of clinical indications and shows eosinophils are not mandatory to diagnose microfilaria.

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