RESUMEN
A wound is a complicated health issue, and it severely affects the injured area because of the growth of many pathogenic microorganisms. Cinnamon and clove oil exhibit antibacterial activity against wound pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified by the disc diffusion method. Cinnamon and clove oils are effective antibacterial agents because of their importance in reducing virulence and pathogenicity of drug-resistant bacteria in vivo. The increased frequency in clinically observed cases of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to many factors, such as the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. In some countries, antibiotics are sold over the counter without a prescription; hence, this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of clove and cinnamon on clinically isolated resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Clavo , Aceites Volátiles , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Aceite de Clavo/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Humanos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis is a major problem causing widespread clinical symptoms and may interfere with treatment plans, ultimately jeopardizing patient outcome. Zinc supplementation may be considered beneficial in preventing acute toxicity during chemoradiation. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis in Stage III and IV-A oropharynx and hypopharynx cancers treated by hyperfractionated accelerated concomitant boost radiotherapy with weakly cisplatin. The objective behind the study is to know any changes in the onset, duration, and severity of oropharyngeal mucositis by implementation of oral zinc sulfate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is double-blinded randomized controlled assessment involving 120 patients (60 - control and 60 - experimental) treated with chemoradiation for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. The experimental group received oral zinc sulfate 150 mg once daily during and after treatment, whereas the control group patients were given placebo. The categorical data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation. The Friedman test was used for comparison of oral mucositis grading between the groups. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found in the zinc-supported experimental group showing delay in onset, decrease in severity, and duration of oropharyngeal mucositis. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation could be beneficial in managing oropharyngeal mucositis during chemoradiation of head-and-neck cancers with no untoward side effects.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Delayed ischemic preconditioning promotes cardioprotection via genomic reprogramming. We hypothesize that molecular regulation of mitochondrial energetics is integral to this cardioprotective program. METHODS AND RESULTS: Preconditioning was induced by use of 3 episodes of 3-minute coronary artery occlusion separated by 5 minutes of reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, infarct size was reduced by 58% after preconditioning compared with sham-operated controls (P<0.001). Cardiac mitochondria were isolated from sham and preconditioned rat hearts. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were similar between the groups; however, preconditioned mitochondria exhibit modest hyperpolarization of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (> or =22% versus control, P<0.001). After 35-minute anoxia and reoxygenation, preconditioned mitochondria demonstrated a 191+/-12% improvement in ADP-sensitive respiration (P=0.002) with preservation of electron-transfer-chain (ETC) activity versus controls. This augmented mitochondrial recovery was eradicated when preconditioning was abolished by the antioxidant 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine (2-MPG). These biochemical modulations appear to be regulated at the genomic level in that the expression of genes encoding rate-controlling complexes in the ETC was significantly upregulated in preconditioned myocardium, with a concordant induction of steady-state protein levels of cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome c, and adenine nucleotide translocase-1. 2-MPG abolished preconditioning induction of these transcripts. Moreover, transcripts of nuclear regulatory peptides known to orchestrate mitochondrial biogenesis, nuclear respiratory factor-1 and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha, were significantly induced in preconditioned myocardium. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed preconditioned mitochondria display increased tolerance against anoxia-reoxygenation in association with modifications in mitochondrial bioenergetics, with concordant genomic induction of a mitochondrial energetic gene regulatory program. This program appears to be mediated by reactive oxygen species signaling.