RESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the femoral trochlear dysplasia(FTD) and the degeneration of the patellofemoral cartilage by using MR T2mapping technique. Methods: Sixty two subjects with FTD(aged 18-45 years) were enrolled in Tianjin First Center Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017,the controls which both age and gender were matched.T2mapping scan were aquired for each subject and control. Compare the differences of the T2mapping values for each area between subjects and controls, and compare Dejour types of femoral trochlear in different age groups, respectively. Results: The T2mapping value of subjects was significant lower than controls: the superficial-femoral-lateral layer (sFL) (P=0.000) and the superficial-patella-lateral layer (sPL) (P=0.009). In the group of age less than 30 years, the T2mapping value of subjects was significant lower than controls:sFL (P=0.001) and sPL (P=0.015). In group of age greater than 30 years, the T2mapping value of subjects was significant lower than controls: sFL (P=0.035). In difference Dejour types of FTD, the T2mapping value of type B-D was lowest in sFL(P=0.014),sPL(P=0.000), the superficial-patella-medial layer (sPM) (P=0.020) and the the T2mapping value of type B-D was highest in the deep-femoral-medial layer (dFM) (P=0.006). The difference was statistically significant, P<0.05. Conclusion: The FTD might cause the early degeneration of patellofemoral cartilage, which significantly appear in the young age; The type B-D of FTD is more likely to cause the wider range of superficial cartilage injure and involved some part of deep layer; the injure shows dehydration change in superficial cartilage and edema in deep layer.
Asunto(s)
Cartílago , Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Articulación Patelofemoral , Adolescente , Adulto , Fémur , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rótula , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the value of mDIXON-Quant sequence, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in quantitative diagnosing of the sacroiliitis stages in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Based on the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI) and laboratory parameters, a total of 51 patients were diagnosed with AS. They were divided into two groups as early active group (n=20) and chronic active group (n=31), and at the same time, 25 healthy people from Tianjin were included as control group. The regular MRI sequences and mDIXON-Quant sequence, DWI were obtained. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat-signal fraction (FF) value of bone marrow with edema of the sacroiliac joints in early active group and chronic active group and of subchondral bone marrow of sacroiliac joint in control group all were measured by ADC maps and FF maps. Mean (FF, ADC) values were compared between groups. Results: The ADC value of the early active group, chronic active group and the control group is (1.07±0.20)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, (1.00±0.22)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, (0.25±0.07)×10(-3)mm(2)/s, respectively, and the differences of ADC value between early active group and control group, chronic active group and control group were significant (P<0.01), but the difference of the ADC value between early active group and chronic active group was not significant (P=0.394). That is to say, the ADC value can't distinguish the early active group and chronic active group. The differences of FF value between groups was significant (P<0.01), and the FF value of bone marrow with edema in chronic active group were higher than that in early active group. Conclusions: The mDIXON-Quant sequence can quantitatively diagnose early active group and chronic active group, and the diagnostic value is better than DWI. Thus, it can provide guidance for clinical treatment and prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Sacroileítis , Espondilitis Anquilosante , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Articulación Sacroiliaca , Espondilitis Anquilosante/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the affective dimension of pain. Although much evidence has pointed to an increased excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC in some of the pathological pain state, the inhibitory synaptic transmission in this process has not been well studied. Also, the overall changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission have not been comparatively studied in an animal model displaying both long-term persistent nociception and hyperalgesia. Here we used patch clamp recordings in ACC brain slices to observe the changes in synaptic transmission in a pain model induced by peripheral bee venom injection. First, we show that, comparing with those of naive and saline controlled rats, there was a significant increase in spike frequency in ACC neurons harvested from rats after 2 h period of peripheral persistent painful stimuli. Second, it is further shown that the frequency, amplitude and half-width were all increased in spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents (sEPSCs), while the amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) was decreased. The recordings of miniature post-synaptic currents demonstrate an increase in frequency of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs) and a decrease in both frequency and amplitude of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in rats' ACC slice of bee venom treatment. Taken together, the present results demonstrate an unparalleled change between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the ACC under a state of peripheral persistent nociception that might be underlying mechanisms of the excessive excitability of the ACC neurons. We propose that the painful stimuli when lasts or becomes persistent may cause a disruption of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission that can contribute to the functional change in the ACC.
Asunto(s)
Giro del Cíngulo/patología , Inhibición Neural/fisiología , Neuronas/patología , Dolor/patología , Transmisión Sináptica/fisiología , 6-Ciano 7-nitroquinoxalina 2,3-diona/farmacología , Potenciales de Acción/efectos de los fármacos , Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Venenos de Abeja/efectos adversos , Venenos de Abeja/farmacología , Bicuculina/farmacología , Biofisica/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estimulación Eléctrica/efectos adversos , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Antagonistas de Receptores de GABA-A/farmacología , Masculino , Inhibición Neural/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/fisiología , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/fisiopatología , Técnicas de Placa-Clamp/métodos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Sodio/farmacología , Tetrodotoxina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Mice were randomly divided into groups H4 (hypoxic preconditioning group with repetitive hypoxic exposures for four runs), H(1) (hypoxic control group with exposure to hypoxia for one run) and H(0) (normal control group with no exposure to hypoxia). Glycogen content of whole brain of group H4 was found to be significantly higher than that of groups H(1) and H(0). The glycogen content in telencephalon, diencephalon and pons of group H4 was markedly higher than that in the corresponding areas of groups H(1) and H(0). Glycogen content of whole brain in group H(1) was markedly lower than that in group H(0), whereas no significant difference was seen in these brain subregions between groups H(1) and H(0). Brain lactate contents of groups H4 and H(1) did not show significant difference, though they were significantly higher than that of group H(0). Blood lactate content of group H4 was significantly lower than those of groups H(1) and H(0). The results above indicate that the concomitant increase of glycogen and decrease of lactate in the brain are due to the participation of aerobic metabolism during hypoxic preconditioning or the formation of tolerance to hypoxia.