RESUMEN

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are root parasitic plants that threaten agricultural production in many parts of the world. In this study, the effect of two orobanche species, Orobanche crenata and O. foetida, on faba bean plants was studied in Tunisia. The two orobanche species inhibited both biomass production and pod formation, decreased the chlorophyll (Chl) content and total lipid (TL), and enhanced electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation. Concomitantly, orobanche parasitism induced a lower degree of fatty acid (FA) unsaturation due to a shift in the FA composition. On the other hand, with regard to orobanche seeds, oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant FA in the two orobanche species. After orobanche seed germination and penetration of host tissues, all the orobanche development stages showed a decrease in the TL content and changes in the FA composition in comparison to orobanche seeds. The level of TL was equal to or lower in all parasite development stages (except for S4) than that in the roots and leaves of healthy faba bean plants. These results suggest that the negative effect of orobanche infestation on faba bean development can be attributed to the reduced chlorophyll content and alteration in membrane stability attested by the reduced TL level and FA unsaturation.

RESUMEN

Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a serious problem causing important losses to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production and productivity in Mediterranean countries. Despite intensive breeding activities, no resistance sources against O. crenata have been identified so far. In this study, a Global Lentil Diversity Panel (GLDP) of 1315 genotypes including local populations, landraces, accessions, improved lines and released varieties were evaluated for their resistance to O. crenata under highly infested field conditions at ICARDA Marchouch research station, Morocco. The trial was conducted according to an augmented design with repeated susceptible checks. The best-performing genotypes were selected based on the correlations between Orobanche infestation parameters and agronomic performance. Results showed significant variation (p < 0.005) among the studied genotypes and between the tested genotypes and checks for BY, D2F, D2M, PH, EODW and NEO. Out of the 1315 tested genotypes, only (1%) showed high to moderate resistance levels to O. crenata. Most of these genotypes are improved lines originating from different breeding programs. the PCA analysis clustered all the tested genotypes into four different groups. Good resistance levels were recorded for the genotypes ILL7723, ILL 7982, ILL 6912, ILL 6415, ILL 9850, ILL 605, ILL 7915, ILL 1861 and ILL 9888 showing a parasitism index and grain yield ranging from 1.69 to 5.99 and 10.97 to 60.19 g m-2, respectively. Person's correlation showed significant negative correlations between agronomic traits and infestation parameters. Both the path and spatial analysis showed that the D2F, NEO, D2OE, SEV and parasitism index (PI) were the strongest driver traits that influenced the seed yield (SY).

RESUMEN

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is commonly grown in drought-prone areas where terminal heat and drought are frequent. The limited-transpiration (TRlim) trait under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) could be a way to conserve water and increase yield under water deficit conditions. The TRlim trait was examined in cultivated and wild lentil species together with its evolution throughout the breeding pipeline. Sixty-one accessions representing the six wild lentil species (L. orientalis, L. tomentosus, L. odemensis, L. lamottei, L. ervoides, and L. nigricans) and 13 interspecific advanced lines were evaluated in their transpiration response to high VPD. A large variation in transpiration rate (TR) response to increased VPD was recorded among wild lentil accessions, with 43 accessions exhibiting a breakpoint (BP) in their TR response to increasing VPD, with values ranging from 0.92 kPa to 3.38 kPa under greenhouse conditions. Ten genotypes for the interspecific advanced lines displayed a BP with an average of 1.95 kPa, much lower than previously reported for cultivated lentil. Results from field experiments suggest that the TRlim trait (BP=0.97 kPa) positively affected yield and yield-related parameters during the years with late-season water stress. The selection of TRlim genotypes for high VPD environments could improve lentil productivity in drought-prone areas.

RESUMEN

Orobanche crenata is a parasitic weed representing a serious constraint to crop production in the Mediterranean basin. Here, we aim to evaluate the global scientific research status and trends of O. crenata through a bibliometric analysis to identify prominent research themes, development trends, and major contributors in terms of authors, institutions, countries, and journals. In the span of 53 years, from 1968 to 2021, 274 articles related to this field were retrieved from Scopus database and were analyzed using VOSviewer and BiblioShiny software. Results showed that 70.4% of all articles on O. crenata have been published in the last two decades. "Control methods" was the most prevalent research theme with 55.9% of all articles. Weed Research is the most influential journal. The countries with the highest number of articles were Spain, Egypt, and Italy. The Institute for Sustainable Agriculture is the most involved institution, contributing to 31.7% of all articles, and authors from Spain were the most productive. The latest research literature (5 years) was performed mainly by authors from Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia, emphasizing the persistence of this constraint in these countries. Keyword analysis revealed that "Vicia faba", "germination", and "legumes" are the most researched hotspots. Despite the growing collaborative behavior in this area, cooperation between countries is still deficient and should be extended to countries that are recently affected by this scourge to exchange expertise already acquired by experienced researchers, thus allowing better worldwide control of this parasitic weed.

Asunto(s)

Fabaceae , Orobanche , Malezas , Agricultura , Bibliometría

RESUMEN

In this current study, we explored the preventive capacity of the aqueous extract of Orobanche foetida (OF), a root holoparasite, against CCl4 prompt hepatotoxicity in rats. LC-MS/MS profiling revealed the existence of 32 compounds belonging to organic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, and hydroxycinnamic acids along with their glycosides and derivatives as well as several flavonoids. In vitro, OF demonstrated substantial antioxidant potential at DPPH and ABTS assays. Results showed that the pretreatment with OF for 6 weeks at the doses (25 mg/kg bw) and (50 mg/kg bw) countered the CCl4-induced liver injury by restoring liver injuries indicators (ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, GGT and bilirubin), normalizing lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C), as well as, impeding DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, OF blocked the hepatic oxidative stress spurred by CCl4 administration through boosting antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, and SOD) responsible of diminishing lipid peroxidation. exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect by downregulating TNF-α and IL-6 levels. OF suppressive effect on proinflammatory cytokines is further exerted by its capacity to modulate the expression of the NF-κB gene. In silico investigation revealed that among the 32 identified compounds, vanillic acid glucoside and dihydroxybenzoic acid glucoside have strong and stable bindings with the active sites of three key inflammatory proteins (PARP-1, TNF-α, IL-6), which could highlight the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of. Overall, this research provides a preliminary pharmacological support for the medicinal applications of Orobanche foetida for addressing inflammatory and hepato-pathological conditions.

RESUMEN

Chickpea is an important source of plant-based protein and mineral elements such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The development of superior high-yielding germplasm with high nutritional value becomes central for any breeding program. Chickpea biofortified and nutrient-dense seeds can contribute to mitigate many human health problems associated with protein and micronutrients deficiency. In this study, 282 advanced chickpea lines were grown under field conditions to evaluate their agronomic performances and nutritional quality value. The trial was conducted under winter planting conditions during the cropping season 2017/2018 at ICARDA-Marchouch research station, Morocco. Results revealed high genetic variation and significant differences between the tested genotypes for all studied parameters. Under field conditions, the grain yield (GY) varied from 0.57 to 1.81 (t.ha-1), and 100-seed weight (HSW) ranged from 23.1 to 50.9 g. Out of the 282 genotypes, only 4 genotypes (i.e., S130109, S130058, S130066, and S130157) combined both good agronomic performances (GY, HSW) and high nutritional quality (protein, macronutrients, and micronutrients). Protein content ranged from 18.9 to 32.4%. For the whole collection, Fe content varied from 31.2 to 81 ppm, while Zn content ranged from 32.1 to 86.1 ppm. Correlation analysis indicated that the studied traits were significantly intercorrelated, with negative correlation between protein content and Zn concentration. Positive correlations were observed between grain filling time (F2M) and the micronutrients Zn, Cu, and Mn and macroelements K and Mg. Low positive correlation was also recorded between Pr and Fe concentrations. No significant correlation was observed between Fe and Zn. Positive correlations observed between main agronomic and nutritional quality traits makes easy any simultaneous enhancement when combining these traits.

RESUMEN

The complete mitochondrial genome of the true bug (Homoptera) Nysius cymoides (Spinola, 1837) is herein described and used for phylogenetic comparison with other species of Lygaeoidea. The mtDNA has a gene order and other molecular features typically observed in hexapods, and a long A + T-rich region, due to the occurrence of several repeat units. The phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of all families except Rhyparochromidae.

RESUMEN

Orobanche spp. are root parasitic plants that cause yield losses in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). In Tunisia, O. crenata and O. foetida are among the major problems limiting faba bean production and productivity. Breeding for resistance and development of resistant varieties remain the most efficient control strategy to combat these parasites. In our study, field trials were conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons. A set of 42 genotypes were used in this study; 39 advanced lines and three checks; Najeh and Baraca (resistant) and Badi (susceptible). The trials were conducted in highly infested O. foetida plot at Oued-Beja Research Station in Tunisia. Results showed that advanced lines XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1 and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A expressed high resistance level exceeding those recorded for resistance checks Najeh and Baraca. O. foetida significantly affected the biomass, grain yield, chlorophyll content index (CCI) and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio). No significant effect was observed on host plant water content (WC). CCI decreases varied from 46.4% for the susceptible check Badi and 4.2% and 9.3%, respectively, for Baraca and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A. Orobanche parasitism resulted in a slight decreases of Fv/Fm ratio for the advanced lines XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A and XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1 against important decreases observed for Badi and Baraca. Correlation between resistance to O. foetida and CCI and Fv/Fm makes this, easy-to-measure, parameter very useful as a practical screening tool for early parasitism detection, diagnosis and identification and selection of high resistant plants against this parasite.

Asunto(s)

Orobanche/toxicidad , Enfermedades de las Plantas/parasitología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Vicia faba/genética , Clorofila/genética , Fluorescencia , Genotipo , Orobanche/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fitomejoramiento , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/parasitología , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Túnez , Vicia faba/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vicia faba/parasitología

RESUMEN

The parasitic weed, Orobanche crenata, is one of the most devastating constraint for faba bean production in Mediterranean regions. Plant host defense induction was reported as one of the most appropriate control methods in many crops. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of faba bean resistance to O. crenata under the field and controlled experimental conditions. Both hormones were tested on two contrasting faba bean genotypes: Giza 843 (partially resistant to O. crenata) and Lobab (susceptible) at three different application methods (seed soaking, foliar spray, and the combination of both seed soaking and foliar spray). Soaking seeds in SA or IAA provided the highest protection levels reaching ~75% compared to the untreated control plants. Both elicitors limited the chlorophyll content decrease caused by O. crenata infestation and increased phenolic compound production in host plants. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities were stimulated in the host plant roots especially in the susceptible genotype Lobab. The magnitude of induction was more obvious in infested than in non-infested plants. Histological study revealed that both SA and IAA decreased the number of attached O. crenata spikes which could be related to specific defense responses in the host plant roots.

RESUMEN

Leafminer insects of the genus Liriomyza are small flies whose larvae feed on the internal tissue of some of the most important crop plants for the human diet. Several of these pest species are highly uniform from the morphological point of view, meaning molecular data represents the only reliable taxonomic tool useful to define cryptic boundaries. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers have been applied to investigate the population genetics of some Tunisian populations of the polyphagous species Liriomyza cicerina, one of the most important pest of chickpea cultivars in the whole Mediterranean region. Molecular data have been collected on larvae isolated from chickpea, faba bean, and lentil leaves, and used for population genetics, phylogenetics, and species delimitation analyses. Results point toward high differentiation levels between specimens collected on the three different legume crops, which, according to the species delimitation methods, are also sufficient to define incipient species differentiation and cryptic species occurrence, apparently tied up with host choice. Genetic data have also been applied for a phylogenetic comparison among Liriomyza species, further confirming their decisive role in the systematic studies of the genus.