RESUMEN

For decades, coffee has held the distinction of being the most commercially prominent food product and the most universally consumed beverage worldwide. Since the inauguration of the inaugural coffee house in Mecca toward the conclusion of the 15th century, coffee consumption has experienced exponential growth across the globe. Coffee, renowned globally as a beloved beverage, contains a diverse array of compounds known to benefit health. Its prominent phytochemistry contributes to its favorable reputation. Caffeine, a primary constituent, leads this intricate blend of bioactive substances, each exerting various physiological effects. Coffee is rich in potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B3. It encompasses lactones, diterpenes (such as cafestol and kahweol), niacin, and trigonellin, serving as a precursor to vitamin B3. This chapter aims to review and investigate the bioactive potential and chemical compounds of coffee. In the current study, different compounds are discussed. In conclusion, coffee is containing different compounds that can be impacted by different factors such as geographical condition, processing condition, etc.

Asunto(s)

Café , Café/química , Humanos , Animales , Cafeína/farmacología

RESUMEN

Sorghum is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to its rich antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. Fermentation may also affect nutritional values. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the phenolic and flavonoid chemicals found in both fermented and non-fermented red sorghum, as well as their potential therapeutic uses for AD. L. fermentum, and L. reuteri, and/or L. plantarum and L. casei were used to ferment samples of sorghum. The rats were grouped into five groups, healthy animals, and rats with Alzheimer's receiving 200 mg/kg of saline, non-fermented sorghum, and fermented sorghum fermented with L. fermentum and L. reuteri, as well as L. plantarum and L. casei. Various assessments were conducted, including evaluations of behavioral responses, antioxidant responses, inflammatory responses, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine esterase, and bacterial populations in stool. P-hydroxybenzoic acid, eriodictyo naringenin, and apigenin were significantly higher in fermented samples, while glycerols were higher in non-fermented samples. The induction of Alzheimer's led to decrease step-through latency, time in target zone, FRAP, acetylcholine levels, Bifidobacterium population and lactobacillus population, while increased escape latency, platform location latency, MDA levels, IL-6, TNF-α, acetylcholine esterase, and coliform population (P = 0.001). The administration of both non-fermented sorghum and fermented sorghum demonstrated the potential to reverse the effects of AD, with a notably higher efficacy observed in the fermented samples compared to the non-fermented ones. In conclusion, fermentation exerted significant effects on the bioactive compounds the administration of fermented sorghum resulted in improved behavioral responses, characterized by a reduction in oxidation, inflammation and microbial population.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Antioxidantes , Fermentación , Sorghum , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/microbiología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Flavanonas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Flavonoides , Apigenina/farmacología , Fenoles , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Lactobacillus , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Heces/microbiología , Heces/química

RESUMEN

This study investigates the fabrication of films based on a polymer containing nanoclay, sodium diacetate (SDA), and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) for packaging rainbow trout fillets. The films were prepared by the addition of 2% SDA (SDA film), 2% TBHQ (TBHQ film), and a combination of both (1% SDA + 1% TBHQ) into polyethylene polymer (93.00%) and montmorillonite nanoclay (5.00%). A film lack of nanoclay, SDA, and TBHQ was prepared and considered a control film. A film was also prepared by the addition of 95 g polyethylene + 5 g nanoclay (Nanoclay). Morphological properties of the films were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities of the films and their effects as the coating on fish samples were evaluated against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. The effects of films on oxidative stability, antibacterial activity, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and total viable count (TVC) of fish samples were assessed. The SEM results showed the homogenous dispersion of SDA and TBHQ into films. The SDA, TBHQ, and ST films showed antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and E. coli compared with the control film as the coating and under in vitro conditions (p < 0.05). The TBHQ and ST films exhibited higher antioxidant activity and prevented the oxidation as the coating. The films prepared from the SDA, TBHQ, and ST prevented an increase in TVC and TVBN (p < 0.05). The ST films can prevent spoilage in fish samples and can be utilized in the food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We successfully prepared films with the help of nanoclay, sodium diacetate (SDA), and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) on polyethylene for packaging fish fillets. Films containing SDA, TBHQ, and nanoclay showed antibacterial activity and prevented spoilage. The films can be used for packaging fish fillets.

Asunto(s)

Hidroquinonas , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Animales , Hidroquinonas/farmacología , Polímeros , Escherichia coli , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Polietilenos , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Rutin and chitosan could be utilized in the food industry owing to their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to fabricate novel films using polycaprolactone (PCL-sole), PCL and chitosan (PCL-CS), PCL and rutin (PCL-R), and PCL, chitosan, and rutin (PCL-CS-R) through electros pinning method. Physical properties, in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the films, and their antibacterial activity on rainbow trout were further investigated. The PCL-CS, PCL-R, and PCL-CS-R had smaller fiber diameter and film thickness and lower viscosity while they showed higher surface tension, water contact angle, and conductivity and better antibacterial and antioxidant properties compared with PCL-sole film (P < 0.05). The PCL-CS-R film respectively decreased 17.45%, 19.27%, and 18.39% more populations of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli compared to PCL-sole film in the fish samples. Therefore, the PCL-CS-R film can be potentially used in active packaging because of its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.