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People with Serious Mental Illness (SMI) could present risk behaviour that may lead to relapses. There are few instruments validated in our context to assess risk factors, but none takes into account several factors at the same time, and is specific for the risk of relapse. The objective of this work is to validate the Functional Analysis of Care Environments (FACE) Risk Profile into Spanish for people with SMI.

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Introducción: Las personas con Trastorno Mental Grave(TMG) pueden presentar conductas de riesgo que pueden darlugar a recaídas. Hay pocos instrumentos validados en nuestro contexto para valorar factores de riesgo y ninguno quetenga en cuenta diversos factores al mismo tiempo y sea específico para valorar el riesgo de recaída. El objetivo de estetrabajo es la validación en español de la Functional Analysisof Care Environments o FACE Risk Profile en personas conTMG.Metodología. La muestra se compone de 69 participantes con TMG. En la primera evaluación se administró uncuestionario sociodemográfico, la FACE Risk Profile e instrumentos psicométricos de valoración clínica y psicosocial.En una segunda evaluación, se volvió a administrar la FACERisk Profile.Resultados. La FACE Risk Profile presenta una consistencia interna adecuada, buena fiabilidad test-retest y adecuada validez concurrente y discriminante. El acuerdo interevaluadores es muy bueno.Conclusiones. La FACE Risk Profile en un instrumento útily válido para la valoración del riesgo en personas con TMG. (AU)

Introduction: People with Serious Mental Illness (SMI)can present risk behaviour that can lead to relapses. Thereare few instruments validated in our context to assess riskfactors, but none takes into account several factors at thesame time, and is specific for the risk of relapse. The objective of this work is to validate the Functional Analysis ofCare Environments (FACE) Risk Profile into Spanish for people with SMI.Methods. The sample consisted of 69 participants withSMI. The first evaluation was administered using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the FACE Risk Profile and psychometric instruments for clinical and psychosocial assessment.For the second evaluation, the FACE Risk Profile was re-administered.Results. The FACE Risk Profile shows adequate internalconsistency, good test-retest reliability and adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. The inter-rater agreementis very good.Conclusions. The FACE Risk Profile is a useful and validinstrument for risk assessment in people with SMI. (AU)

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Although most of the research conducted up to now has shown that interventions in social cognition are effective in the rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia, there are still no clinical practice recommendations on the topic. Their development could facilitate the clinical work, resource management and the care provided to persons with such a disorder. This article addresses this need and performs a systematic review of the identified high-quality scientific evidence and develops clinical practice recommendations. A total of 40 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis evaluating the effects of social cognition interventions for persons with schizophrenia were selected for the present study. Taking into account the evidence available and its quality, the authors developed three clinical practice recommendations on the positive effects of these interventions. The analysis of the evidence of the quality of the studies shows that more randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed in order to establish more accurately the efficacy and effectiveness of social cognition interventions and therefore to favor the generalization of the results.

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Aunque la mayoría de la investigación llevada a cabo hasta el momento ha mostrado que las intervenciones en cognición social son eficaces para la rehabilitación de las personas con esquizofrenia, todavía no se han establecido recomendaciones de práctica clínica. Su desarrollo podría facilitar el trabajo clínico, la gestión de recursos y la atención que reciben las personas con este trastorno. El presente trabajo aborda esta necesidad; se hace una revisión sistemática de las evidencias científicas de alta calidad identificadas y se formulan recomendaciones de práctica clínica a partir de estas evidencias. Se han seleccionado para el presente estudio un total de 40 ensayos clínicos y 1 metanálisis que tratan sobre los efectos de las intervenciones en cognición social en personas con esquizofrenia. Teniendo en cuenta la evidencia disponible, y su calidad, se desarrollan tres recomendaciones de práctica clínica relacionadas con los efectos positivos de este tipo de intervenciones. El análisis de las evidencias de calidad de los estudios ha puesto de manifiesto que son necesarios más ensayos controlados y aleatorizados, con mayores muestras y seguimientos más largos, para establecer, de manera más precisa, la eficacia y efectividad de las intervenciones en cognición social y, por tanto, favorecer la generalización de resultados

Although most of the research conducted up to now has shown that interventions in social cognition are effective in the rehabilitation of persons with schizophrenia, there are still no clinical practice recommendations on the topic. Their development could facilitate the clinical work, resource management and the care provided to persons with such a disorder. This article addresses this need and performs a systematic review of the identified high-quality scientific evidence and develops clinical practice recommendations. A total of 40 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis evaluating the effects of social cognition interventions for persons with schizophrenia were selected for the present study. Taking into account the evidence available and its quality, the authors developed three clinical practice recommendations on the positive effects of these interventions. The analysis of the evidence of the quality of the studies shows that more randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed in order to establish more accurately the efficacy and effectiveness of social cognition interventions and therefore to favor the generalization of the results

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Objective: To explore the temporal mechanism of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task in which two letters (T1 and T2) were presented in close temporal proximity among distractors (attentional blink [AB]). Method: Thirty children aged between 9 and 13 years (12 with ADHD combined type and 18 controls) took part in the study. Both groups performed two kinds of RSVP task. In the single task, participants simply had to identify a target letter (T1), whereas in the dual task, they had to identify a target letter (T1) and a probe letter (T2). Results: The ADHD and control groups were equivalent in their single-task performance. However, in the dual-task condition, there were significant between-group differences in the rate of detection of the probe letter (T2) at lag + 1 and lag + 4. The ADHD group exhibited a larger overall AB compared with controls. Conclusion: Our findings provide support for a link between ADHD and attentional blink. .

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OBJECTIVE: To explore the temporal mechanism of attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task in which two letters (T1 and T2) were presented in close temporal proximity among distractors (attentional blink [AB]). METHOD: Thirty children aged between 9 and 13 years (12 with ADHD combined type and 18 controls) took part in the study. Both groups performed two kinds of RSVP task. In the single task, participants simply had to identify a target letter (T1), whereas in the dual task, they had to identify a target letter (T1) and a probe letter (T2). RESULTS: The ADHD and control groups were equivalent in their single-task performance. However, in the dual-task condition, there were significant between-group differences in the rate of detection of the probe letter (T2) at lag + 1 and lag + 4. The ADHD group exhibited a larger overall AB compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide support for a link between ADHD and attentional blink.

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In this study, the authors describe the development and subsequent validation of an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scale for young adults. The authors constructed 2 parallel forms of the scale to assess items that relate directly to DSM-IV criteria. Each form comprised Inattention, Hyperactivity, and Impulsivity subscales. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the dimensionality of the scale, and the hypothesized structure was confirmed. In addition, the measures obtained show that the scale possesses satisfactory reliability with regard to the level of internal consistency, and there was equivalence between the 2 parallel forms. Furthermore, the relevance of the scale's content and its relationship to other variables was adequate. In sum, sufficient evidence is provided regarding the validity of the measures obtained with the ADHD scale, thus illustrating that the scale could be a useful tool to assess the symptoms of ADHD in a sample of young adults from the United States.

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Se presenta un sistema de codificación que permite analizar los problemas libremente expresados por los adolescentes según cuatro categorías (naturaleza, contenido, participantes y contexto), que pueden combinarse entre sí. Los índices de fiabilidad, Kappa de Cohen, son adecuados. Se han identificado los problemas de 1.362 adolescentes de entre 12 y 16 años, que cursan Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria, y se ha analizado su frecuencia, según sexo. La combinación de las cuatro categorías indica que el 50% de problemas se reducen a tres tipos básicos: problemas interpersonales de relación con compañeros, que afectan mayoritariamente a chicas; problemas de rendimiento escolar, cuyo protagonista es el propio individuo, que afectan preferentemente a chicos; y problemas ajenos, relativos a muertes de familiares, que preocupan por igual a ambos sexos. Se argumenta que el estudio de las relaciones entre life events y salud mental debe contemplarse desde una perspectiva multiaxial, como la propuesta en este trabajo (AU)

This study presents a system of classification which allows to analyze the problems expressed by adolescents in four combinable categories (nature of problem, content, participants and context). Cohen’s Kappa offers adequate reliability indexes. This system was applied to the problems expressed by 1362 Secondary School adolescents ranging in age from 12 to 16, and the frequency of these problems was analyzed according to gender. The combination of the four categories indicates that 50% of the problems explained by the sample are: a) interpersonal problems with peers, which mainly affect girls; b) school achievement problems, mainly affecting boys; and c) problems of others, principally related to relatives’s death and which affect both girls and boys. From the results obtained it is advisable to analyze the relationship between life-events and mental health from a multiaxial perspective (AU)

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