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Magnetic bismuth ferrite (BiFO) microparticles were employed for the first time for the removal of polystyrene (PS) nano/microplastics from the drinking water. BiFO is formed by porous agglomerates with sizes of 5-11 µm, while the PS nano/microparticles have sizes in the range of 70-11000 nm. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrated that the BiFO microparticles are composed of BiFeO3/Bi25FeO40 (the content of Bi25FeO40 is ≈ 8.6%). Drinking water was contaminated with PS nano/microparticles (1 g L-1) and BiFO microparticles were also added to the contaminated water. Later, the mixture of PS-particles + BiFO was irradiated with NIR light (980 nm). Consequently, PS nano/microparticles melted on the BiFO microparticles due to the excessive heating on their surface. At the same time, the NIR (near infrared) light generated oxidizing agents (âOH and h+), which degraded the by-products formed during the photocatalytic degradation of PS nano/microparticles. Subsequently, the NIR irradiation was stopped, and a Neodymium magnet was utilized to separate the BiFO microparticles from the water. This last procedure also permitted the removal of PS nano/microparticles by physical adsorption. Zeta potential measurements demonstrated that the BiFO surface was positively charged, allowing the removal of the negatively charged PS nano/microparticles by electrostatic attraction. The combination of the photocatalytic process and the physical adsorption permitted a complete removal of PS nano/microparticles after only 90 min as well as a high mineralization of by-products (≈95.5% as confirmed by the total organic carbon measurements). We estimate that ≈23.6% of the PS nano/microparticles were eliminated by photocatalysis and the rest of PS particles (≈76.4%) by physical adsorption. An outstanding adsorption capacity of 195.5 mg g-1 was obtained after the magnetic separation of the BiFO microparticles from the water. Hence, the results of this research demonstrated that using photocatalysis + physical-adsorption is a feasible strategy to quickly remove microplastic contaminants from the water.
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Agua Potable , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Poliestirenos , Plásticos , Bismuto , Microplásticos , Adsorción , Fenómenos Magnéticos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND. Subarachnoid neurocysticercosis (NCC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional transcranial approaches and transventricular endoscopy have been previously reported for extraparenchymal NCC and ventricular NCC, respectively. By October 2019, endonasal endoscopic approaches had not been used for the treatment of NCC. OBSERVATIONS. A 54-year-old-woman with NCC was admitted with acute neurological deterioration due to severe intracranial hypertension caused by massive subarachnoid NCC cysts, as evidenced on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with great brainstem compression. The case was discussed, and an endoscopic endonasal resection of the NCC cysts was scheduled. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathological anatomy. There were no complications in the surgery, with marked neurological improvement. Control MRIs demonstrated a significant reduction of NCC cysts. LESSONS. Minimally invasive approaches are an excellent alternative for skull-base tumoral and infectious pathology. Prior knowledge of the pathophysiology and the authors' experience in the management of patients with NCC allowed them to propose this approach, with optimal results.
FONDO. La neurocisticercosis subaracnoidea (NCC) se asocia a altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Se han descrito anteriormente abordajes transcraneales convencionales y endoscopia transventricular para la NCC extraparenquimatosa y la NCC ventricular, respectivamente. Hasta octubre de 2019, no se habían utilizado abordajes endoscópicos endonasales para el tratamiento de la NCC. OBSERVACIONES. Una mujer de 54 años con carcinoma de células no pequeñas fue ingresada con deterioro neurológico agudo debido a hipertensión intracraneal grave causada por quistes de carcinoma de células no pequeñas subaracnoideos masivos, evidenciados en la resonancia magnética (RM) con gran compresión del tronco encefálico. Se discutió el caso y se programó una resección endoscópica endonasal de los quistes de carcinoma de células no pequeñas. El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante anatomía patológica. No hubo complicaciones en la cirugía, con una marcada mejoría neurológica. Las RM de control demostraron una reducción significativa de los quistes de carcinoma de células no pequeñas. LeECCIONES. Los abordajes mínimamente invasivos son una excelente alternativa para la patología tumoral e infecciosa de la base del cráneo. El conocimiento previo de la fisiopatología y la experiencia de los autores en el manejo de pacientes con NCC les permitió proponer este abordaje, con óptimos resultados.
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NeurocisticercosisRESUMEN
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a neurological complication derived from the Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. The mechanisms involved in the disease progression are still not fully understood, but both the sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBC) and leukocytes and an exacerbated host inflammatory immune response are significant factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF), an anti-inflammatory peptide, in a well-characterized murine model of CM. Our data showed that the administration of MLIF increased the survival and avoided the neurological signs of CM in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infected C57BL/6 mice. MLIF administration down-regulated systemic inflammatory mediators such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL2, and CCL2, as well as the in situ expression of TNF-α in the brain. In the same way, MLIF reduced the expression of CD31, CD36, CD54, and CD106 in the cerebral endothelium of infected animals and prevented the sequestration of iRBC and leucocytes in the brain microvasculature. Furthermore, MLIF inhibited the activation of astrocytes and microglia and preserved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the administration of MLIF increased survival and conferred neuroprotection by decreasing neuroinflammation in murine CM.
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Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Malaria Cerebral/prevención & control , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Oligopéptidos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Astrocitos/inmunología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/inmunología , Encéfalo/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/antagonistas & inhibidores , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Malaria Cerebral/inmunología , Malaria Cerebral/parasitología , Malaria Cerebral/patología , Ratones , Microglía/efectos de los fármacos , Microglía/inmunología , Plasmodium berghei/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION. Pharmacological treatment is the first therapeutic step towards controlling pain in trigeminal neuralgia, but 25-50% of patients become medication resistant. There are currently several surgical alternatives for treating these patients. AIM. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A follow-up study was conducted on 30 patients who underwent radiosurgery using a Novalis linear accelerator. Eighty per cent of the dosage was calculated at the isocentre, the entry zone of the root of the trigeminal nerve. The mean follow-up time was 27.5 months (range: 1-65 months). RESULTS. The mean age was 66 years (range: 36-87 years), with a time to progression of 7.1 years (range: 4-27 years). The distribution of the pain was from the right side (63.3%). Of the 30 patients, 27 experienced an improvement (90%) 1.6 months (range: 1 week-4 months) after the treatment; 10 patients (33.3%) scored grade I, and 17 patients (56.6%) obtained a score of grade II. During the follow-up, four patients (14.2%) suffered a relapse; two underwent re-irradiation. Time without recurrence was 62.7 months (range: 54.6-70.8 months). The rate of side effects was 76.7% and only three patients developed facial anaesthesia with loss of the corneal reflex. CONCLUSIONS. The use of the linear accelerator is an effective therapeutic option in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, since it provides adequate long-term control of the pain, reduces the use of medication and improves the quality of life.
TITLE: Radiocirugia estereotactica con acelerador lineal para el tratamiento de la neuralgia trigeminal. Experiencia de nueve años en una sola institucion.Introduccion. El tratamiento farmacologico constituye el primer escalon terapeutico para el control del dolor en la neuralgia del trigemino, pero entre el 25-50% de los pacientes se hace farmacorresistente. Actualmente existen varias alternativas quirurgicas para tratar a estos pacientes. Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de la radiocirugia estereotactica para el tratamiento de pacientes con neuralgia del trigemino. Pacientes y metodos. Se dio seguimiento a 30 pacientes que se sometieron a radiocirugia con acelerador lineal Novalis. Se calculo el 80% de la dosis en el isocentro, la zona de raiz de entrada del nervio trigemino. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 27,5 meses (rango: 1-65 meses). Resultados. La edad media fue de 66 años (rango: 36-87 años), con un tiempo de evolucion de 7,1 años (rango: 4-27 años). La distribucion del dolor fue del lado derecho (63,3%). De los 30 pacientes, 27 tuvieron mejoria (90%) 1,6 meses (rango: 1 semana-4 meses) despues del tratamiento; 10 pacientes (33,3%) tuvieron una valoracion de grado I y 17 pacientes (56,6%) una valoracion de grado II. Durante el seguimiento, cuatro pacientes (14,2%) tuvieron recidiva; dos se sometieron a reirradiacion. El tiempo sin recurrencia fue de 62,7 meses (rango: 54,6-70,8 meses). La tasa de efectos secundarios fue del 76,7%, y solo tres pacientes desarrollaron anestesia facial con perdida del reflejo corneal. Conclusiones. El uso del acelerador lineal es una opcion terapeutica efectiva en el tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigemino, proporciona a largo plazo adecuado control del dolor, reduce el uso de medicamentos y mejora la calidad de vida.
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Aceleradores de Partículas , Radiocirugia/instrumentación , Neuralgia del Trigémino/cirugía , Academias e Institutos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Parpadeo/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Radiocirugia/efectos adversos , Radiocirugia/estadística & datos numéricos , Recurrencia , Reflejo Anormal , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trastornos de la Sensación/etiología , Acúfeno/etiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neuralgia del Trigémino/epidemiología , Neuralgia del Trigémino/psicologíaRESUMEN
A three-dimensional model of the alphaX I-domain of the horse integrin CD11c from dendritic cells provided information for selecting two segments of the primary structure for peptide synthesis. Peptide 1 contains 20 amino acids and peptide 2 has 17 amino acid residues. The first spans from position Thr229 to Arg248 of an alpha-helix segment of the structure, whereas peptide 2 goes from Asp158 to Phe174 and corresponds to an exposed segment of the loop considered to be the metal ion-dependent adhesion site. Murine polyclonal antisera against both peptides were generated and assayed in peripheral blood cell suspensions and in cryosections of horse lymph nodes. Only the serum against peptide 2 was capable of identifying cells in suspension and in situ by immunohistochemistry, some with evident dendritic morphology. Using this approach, an immunogenic epitope exposed in CD11c was identified in cells from horse lymph node in situ.
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Antígeno CD11c/inmunología , Células Dendríticas/inmunología , Caballos/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Antígeno CD11c/química , Antígeno CD11c/genética , Reacciones Cruzadas , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/genética , Femenino , Caballos/genética , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Ganglios Linfáticos/citología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fragmentos de Péptidos/química , Fragmentos de Péptidos/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/inmunología , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Pliegue de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
Symptoms of sugarcane orange rust were observed on July 17, 2008 on sugarcane cvs. Mex 57-1285, Mex 61-230, and Co 301 (a clone received in Mexico in 1953) at the Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de la Caña de Azúcar en Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas, Mexico. In El Salvador, from August 2008 through January 2009, rust symptoms were observed on cv. CP 72-2086 (previously resistant to brown rust caused by Puccinia melanocephala Syd. & P. Syd.) in 117 dispersed sugarcane-production fields in various localities of El Salvador. Likewise, rust symptoms were first observed on sugarcane cv. SP 74-8355 (more than 25% severity and considered resistant to brown rust) at Natá, Coclé Province in Panama from January to February 2008. Dried herbarium leaf samples of sugarcane rust-infected leaves collected in El Salvador and Mexico were sent to the ARS, USDA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory in Beltsville MD for identification. Panamanian samples were collected similarly and analyzed at the CALESA Biotechnology Laboratory. Morphological features of uredinial lesions and urediniospores were distinct from those of P. melanocephala and consistent with P. kuehnii E. J. Butler observed previously on specimens from Florida, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua (1-3). Analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 and 28S large subunit rDNA sequences of the rust on infected cvs. Mex 57-1285, Mex 61-230, and Co 301 (BPI 878930, 879139, and 879140; GenBank Accession Nos. GO283006, GO283004, and GO283005, respectively) from Mexico and cv. CP 72-2086 from three locations in El Salvador (BPI 879135, 879136, and 879137; GenBank Accession Nos. GO283009, GO283007, and GO283008, respectively) all confirmed the identification of P. kuehnii. Similar analysis of the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 rDNA sequence for the rust infecting cv. SP 74-8355 (GenBank Accession No. GO281584) confirmed the identification of P. kuehnii in Panama. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. kuehnii causing orange rust disease of sugarcane in El Salvador, Mexico, and Panama. These findings also confirm the wider distribution of orange rust in the Western Hemisphere. References: (1) E. Chavarria et al. Plant Dis. 93:425, 2009. (2) J. C. Comstock et al. Plant Dis. 92:175, 2008. (3) W. Ovalle et al. Plant Dis. 92:973, 2008.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemic of clinically apparent human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection in Nicaragua and to discuss the reasons why the number of HIV patients presenting to the public health care system is increasing compared with other Central American countries. From 1987 to 2004, 1,614 HIV-positive patients were officially reported to the Nicaraguan STI/HIV/AIDS national program. Urban areas along the west-central and eastern part of Nicaragua showed the highest prevalence of AIDS, with a maximum of 54.2/year per 100,000 inhabitants. Most of the infections (91%) were acquired sexually: 65% by heterosexual contacts and 26% by homosexual contacts. The highest rate of infection was found in men aged between 20 to 39 years, with a peak around 35 to 39 years (annual incidence of 125.6 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants), and in women aged 20 to 34 years old, with a peak around 20 to 24 years (annual incidence 46.6 per 100,000 inhabitants). The male to female ratio of infection was 3:1. The death rate was stable until the beginning of 1999, but increased sharply thereafter up to 2004, the year that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced in Nicaragua. In 2005, we observed a further increase in the mortality. However, our data do not represent the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as a whole, due to a lack of systemic surveillance. HIV/AIDS in Nicaragua is in a nascent stage and is concentrated in high-risk populations, such as utility workers, commercial sex workers, men who have sex with men, prisoners, street children, housewives and police and military forces. Education of the population is an urgent need to increase HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, change attitudes, and increase safer sex practice in the community.
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Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nicaragua/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to study the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation as a preservation technique for small bowel transplantation. METHODS: Twenty 2-month-old male Wistar rats weighting 250 g were divided into two groups: group A (n = 10) in which the small bowel was preserved for 12 hours, and group B (n = 10) in which the small bowel was preserved for 24 hours. After vascular and intraluminal perfusion, 3-cm segments were maintained in Ringer's solution at temperatures between 2 degrees C to 4 degrees C and in normobaric O2 conditions (groups A1, B1) or conditioned in an hyperbaric O2 metal chamber (100% oxygen at 5.5 absolute atmospheres) (groups A2, B2). After this preservation time, we studied intestinal tissue injury and morphometric analysis of the villi. RESULTS: Mucosal injury was significantly greater among group A1 compared to group A2 animals. The grade of the lesions was greater among group B1 compared to group B2 animals. Group A1 showed no difference from Group B1. For lesion grade, the range was smaller in group A2 and group B2 animals. The villi height was significantly smaller in groups A1 and B1 compared to the other groups; whereas it was higher in group A2 as compared with B2. CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygenation may play a role as a preservation technique. Further research is necessary.
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Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Yeyuno , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Animales , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/instrumentación , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Yeyuno/patología , Masculino , Microvellosidades/patología , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: This study was conducted to assess apoptosis and nuclear proliferation in rat small bowel submitted to hypothermic hyperbaric oxygenation for preservation. METHODS: Twenty two-month-old, male Wistar rats, weighing 250 g were divided into two groups: group I (n = 10), in which the small bowel was preserved for 12 hours, and group II (n = 10) in which the small bowel was preserved for 24 hours. After vascular and intraluminal perfusion, 3-cm segments were maintained in Ringer's solution at 2 degrees to 4 degrees C under normobaric conditions (groups Ia and IIa) or conditioned in a small hyperbaric metal chamber with 100% oxygen at 5.5 absolute atmospheres (groups Ib and IIb). After 12 or 24 hours, apoptotic and mitotic indices were evaluated by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The apoptotic index was significantly higher in small bowel segments in groups Ia and IIa compared with groups Ib and IIb. The mitotic index was significantly higher among group IIb. CONCLUSION: Hypothermic hyperbaric oxygenation reduced intestinal epithelial apoptosis and increased nuclear proliferation during rat small bowel preservation.
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Apoptosis , Núcleo Celular/fisiología , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Intestino Delgado/citología , Intestino Delgado/fisiología , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Animales , División Celular , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Hipotermia Inducida , Mucosa Intestinal/citología , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiología , Masculino , Índice Mitótico , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of building a simple and inexpensive device to preserve organs or tissues in hyperbaric and hypothermic conditions. METHODS: The device was built on a 40-cm wide, 28-cm long, and 23-cm deep stainless steel chassis. The pressure vessel was built by a 7.8-cm bore stainless steel cylinder put inside another 12-cm cylinder welded together and closed by a steel plate on the top and bottom. The inferior plate was welded, and the superior one was fixed by manual clasp nut. The cooling system is made up of air compressor, condenser, expansion area, and cooling worm that is located between the cylinders. The temperature-controlling device is a computer processor contained in an integrated-circuit chip, with a on-off system to maintain the chamber temperature between 2 degrees to 4 degrees C. The compression of the chamber is performed by lateral coupling with the oxygen cylinder and is maintained at 5.5 absolute atmospheres and controlled by air pressure gauge. The maximal work pressure was evaluated by spreadsheet. Temperature or pressure changes were evaluated by 12- and 24-hour assays. RESULTS: The maximal work pressure permitted was 6.5 absolute atmospheres. Thus, the container was free from danger. The temperature inside the chamber was kept between 2 degrees and 4 degrees C. The production costs of the prototype was US$1000. DISCUSSION: The manufacture of the refrigerating hyperbaric chamber is viable, simple, and inexpensive.
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Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/métodos , Preservación de Órganos/métodos , Frío , Diseño de Equipo , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica/instrumentación , Preservación de Órganos/instrumentación , Refrigeración , TemperaturaRESUMEN
AIM: The effectiveness of anatomic localization of the subthalamic nucleus (EAL) was assessed and the mapping method is described here. The symmetry of contralateral nuclei (SCN) was analyzed on 11 parkinsonian patients submitted to bilateral subthalamotomy with ablative lesioning. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To assess EAL the percentage so much of first trajectory (p1) as the total of trajectories (pt) that hit the target and the rest of subthalamic nucleus average distance (d) was calculated. The anatomic localization error (epsilon) is determined as a difference between first trajectory coordinates with those of medial determined nucleus point, through electrophysiological data as to the statistical significance of this error. SCN is analyzed by contrasting equality hypothesis at the nucleus maximum height alongside a trajectory, average electrophysiological position center and spatial distribution of all intranuclear recordings found in each hemisphere in all patients. RESULTS: The pi, pt and d obtained values were 86.36%, 86.13% and 1.41 +/- 1.01 mm respectively. The epsilon value was greater in anteroposterior direction of 1.11 +/- 0.83 mm without statistical significance. The average number of recorded trajectories for the first procedure was 6.45 and 6 for the second. The asymmetry of contralateral nucleus was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: An indirect method with CT brain images and a new electrophysiological mapping method with a multiunitary recording for first and second nucleus is safe enough and it yields a high effectiveness in anatomofunctional nucleus localization. The nucleus of a same patient are symmetrical. There is little space variability among patient non related to the differences in the intercommissural distance.
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Mapeo Encefálico , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Núcleo Subtalámico/anatomía & histología , Anciano , Terapia por Estimulación Eléctrica , Electrodos Implantados , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/cirugía , Núcleo Subtalámico/cirugíaRESUMEN
La escoliosis congénita es un síndrome poco común y poblemente comprendido. Las anomalías del desarrollo vertebral durante el primer trimestre del embarazo suelen provocar deformidades estructurales de la columna vertebral visibles ya desde el nacimiento o que se manifiestan durante la primera infancia. En nuestro trabajo se presenta el caso de un lactante de 45 días de nacido con Escoliosis Congénita asociada a defecto costal. Se destacan los hallazgos encontrados al examen físico y el resultadoo de los complementos que hicieron posible el diagnóstico. [AU]
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EscoliosisRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: A series of quantitative scales have been established internationally to evaluate the functional state of patients affected by movement disorders, such as Parkinson s disease. The values of these parameters offered by each patient, measured at different moments during his or her illness, allow us to conduct studies into their evolution as well as perform statistical studies about the casuistics. AIM. To provide a tool that enables us to study this vast amount of material in an efficient, sure and, above all, automated manner. Materials and methods. We selected the most interesting variables from the international protocols. We also designed and developed a database application for use under the Windows environment using Delphi 3.0 language and compiler and Structured Query Language. RESULTS: We designed, developed and validated a database system so as to be able to handle automatically the information on the clinical evolution of patients who had undergone functional neurosurgery. This system not only enables us to collect all relevant pre and post surgical information but also allows fast searches and selection, data processing using descriptive statistical techniques and the exportation of the data in a standard format. The system, which also allows final double blind clinical evaluation of each patient to be performed, has been used successfully in the Movement Disorders Clinic at the CIREN for over three years. CONCLUSIONS: This system allows for a considerable saving in the amount of time and effort needed for the post surgical evolution of patients, while also increasing the reliability of the results obtained.
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Bases de Datos Factuales , Periodo Posoperatorio , Programas Informáticos , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , HumanosRESUMEN
With the purpose of describing the MAb ior-R3's kinetic behavior in disease state, this paper is focused on the study of this response using a human cancer (lung carcinoma cell line, H125) bearing nude mice animal model. This MAb was administered by a single 16 mg/Kg intravenous bolus dose and the blood samples were collected at several times ranging from 0 to 72 hours for serum drug quantification. The experimental data set was best fitted using a classical two-compartment mammilary pharmacokinetic (PK) model and the corresponding PK parameters were determined. Comparatively, the analysis of the more relevant physiologically-based PK parameters showed a significant enhancing of clearance as compound with the earlier reported study on healthy mice, increasing from 0.09 to 0.19 mL/h (p<0.01). However, the corresponding distribution volumes don't seem to be altered by the tumor xenograft. We conclude that all of these evidences suggest a possible mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) as a major cause of this increased drug clearance which also contributed to the faster decrease of the drug disposition.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacocinética , Endocitosis/fisiología , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto/métodos , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Barrow's D type carotid cavernosa fistula (FCC) with progressive symptoms and in whom endovascular procedures have failed meet criteria for a direct approach. We report a case of this type of vascular lesion in whom partial endovascular embolization was done together with a direct approach to the FCC, using a method of localization involving a transoperative imaging guide. Digital subtraction angiography and Estereoflex stereotactic system was used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A female patient had had a previous minor head injury. She had a progressive neurological disorder with marked visual defect, and had been diagnosed on angiography as having FCC with afferents from branches of the internal carotid artery (ACI) and external carotid artery (ACE). After failure of endovascular treatment orbito zygomatic craniotomy was done with extra intradural dissection and exposure of the antero lateral triangle of the cavernous sinus (SC). The fistula was closed completely by anterior packing with the venous component. Transoperative stereotactic angiographic checks were done to localize and control the packing. CONCLUSIONS: The Barrow's type D FCC in which embolization treatment has failed may be treated using a direct approach to the anterolateral triangle of the SC. The AC1 remained permeable, fistula was occluded and there was minimal morbidity.
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Fístula del Seno Cavernoso de la Carótida/terapia , Duramadre/irrigación sanguínea , Duramadre/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/terapia , Fístula del Seno Cavernoso de la Carótida/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula del Seno Cavernoso de la Carótida/cirugía , Angiografía Cerebral , Terapia Combinada , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Microcirugia , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Técnicas EstereotáxicasRESUMEN
Objetivos. Las fístulas carotidocavernosas (FCC) tipo D de Barrow con síntomas progresivos y donde fracasa el procedimiento endovascular tienen criterio de abordaje directo. Presentamos un caso con esta lesión vascular en el que se realizó una embolización endovascular parcial y un abordaje directo de la FCC, combinado con un método de localización con guía imaginológica transoperatoria; se usó angiografía por sustracción digital y sistema estereotáctico Estereoflex. Pacientes y métodos. Se trataba de una paciente con antecedentes de traumatismo craneoencefálico menor y síndrome neurológico progresivo, especialmente de déficit visual, con diagnóstico angiográfico de FCC con aferencia de ramas de arteria carótida interna (ACI) y arteria carótida externa (ACE). Después del tratamiento endovascular fallido se realizó craneotomía orbitocigomática con disección extraintradural y exposición del triángulo anterolateral del seno cavernoso SC), con cierre total de la fístula por empaquetamiento anterior por el componente venoso. Se realizaron comprobaciones angiográficas estereotácticas transoperatorias con fines de localización y control del empaquetamiento. Conclusiones. Las FCC tipo D de Barrow con tratamiento embolizante fallido son susceptibles de un abordaje directo al triángulo anterolateral del SC; se logró mantener la permeabilidad de la ACI, oclusión de la fístula y un índicemínimo de morbilidad(AU)
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Humanos , Neurocirugia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Microcirugia , Fístula ArteriovenosaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The microsurgical techniques for resection of intracranial lesions are limited where anatomical references do not exist or cannot be used as guides in the dissection of deeply located lesions or in more superficial eloquent areas. The stereotaxic guide, guided by imaging gives precise volumetric and geometric definition in intracranial lesions. Its application in the resection of intracranial tumors has special characteristics due to their biological condition and varied localization. OBJECTIVES: Spatial orientation during surgery is essential. We show this application of stereotaxic surgery in the Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN) in La Havana, Cuba, between May 1994 and February 1988, describing 65 microsurgical operations done using stereotaxis in 62 patients with intracranial cerebral tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The procedure was divided into three stages: acquiring an image, computerized axial tomography and surgical planning, with the STASSIS planning system and microsurgical procedures, including systems of stereotaxis: Leksell, Micromar and Estereoflex. RESULTS: Of the total, 27 of these patients had glial tumors, 33 non-glial tumors and only 2 had non-neoplastic lesions of different sites and sizes. A total of 30 resections were done. Surgical morbidity was minimal and there was no surgical mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The main advantages of this method are: exact localization of the site for craniotomy, easy spatial orientation and ease in distinguishing the delimitation between the tumour and the healthy tissue. It has been shown that Estereoflex may be used in cerebral microsurgery.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Microcirugia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Terapia Asistida por Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Introducción. Las técnicas microquirúrgicas para la resección de lesiones intracraneales se limitan donde las referencias anatómicas no existen o no pueden utilizarse como guía para la disección de lesiones localizadas profundamente o en áreas elocuentes más superficiales. La guía estereotáxica guiada por imágenes ofrece una definición volumétrica y geométrica precisa de las lesiones intracraneales. Su aplicación en la resección de los tumores intracraneales presenta algunas particularidades por la propia condición biológica de los mismos, así como por su variada localización. Objetivos. La orientación espacial durante la microcirugía constituye un elemento indispensable. Demostramos esta aplicación de la cirugía estereotáxica en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN) en La Habana, Cuba, desde mayo de 1994 a febrero de 1998, al describir la realización de 65 intervenciones microquirúrgicas en condiciones estereotáxicas a 62 pacientes portadores de tumores cerebrales intracraneales. Pacientes y métodos. El procedimiento se dividió en tres etapas: adquisición de la imagen, tomografía axial computadorizada y planificación quirúrgica, con sistema de planeamiento STASSIS y procedimientos microquirúrgicos, que incluyó los sistemas estereotáxicos: Leksell, Micromar y Estereoflex. Resultados. Del total, 27 de estos pacientes presentaron tumores gliales, 33 no gliales y sólo 2 lesiones no neoplásicas de localización y tamaño variados. Se realizaron 30 resecciones totales, la morbilidad quirúrgica fue mínima y no hubo mortalidad quirúrgica. Conclusión. Las principales ventajas del método son: localización exacta de la craneotomía, fácil orientación espacial y facilidad para distinguir los límites entre el tumor y el tejido sano. Se demostró la aplicabilidad del Estereoflex a la microcirugía cerebral(AU)
Asunto(s)
Microcirugia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , NeurocirugiaRESUMEN
Satellite images were used to study the mangrove distribution patterns in two different climatic regions of Central America: Gulf of Fonseca in Honduras-El Salvador and Sierpe-Térraba in Costa Rica. The Gulf of Fonseca has higher temperature and solar radiation, and lower precipitation, which can explain the higher structural development and species mixing of the Sierpe-Térraba mangrove. In the latter the transition between species or between heights in the same species is clear. The automatic classification made by the Geographic Information System (IDRISI) fits well the field mangrove distribution, but it was necessary to regroup some subdivisions that represent the same land use as identified by transects and an aerial video. Mixed species and clouds produced less satisfactory results in Sierpe-Térraba indicating a need for better satellite image resolution.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/instrumentación , Sistemas de Información Geográfica/instrumentación , Comunicaciones por Satélite , Árboles , Clima , Costa Rica , El Salvador , HondurasRESUMEN
An efficient analytical method is described for the analysis of dicofol residues in pulp and orange peel. Samples are mixed with Celite and transferred to chromatographic columns prepacked with silica gel. Dicofol is eluted with ethyl acetate, and the extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Mean recoveries for dicofol at levels of 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 10 mg/kg ranged from 87 to 95% with relative standard deviation values between 2.6 and 9.0%. To investigate the effect of a pilot washing system on dicofol residues in oranges, the analytical procedure was applied to samples submitted to different treatments with commercial formulations under field and laboratory conditions. The orange samples with and without washing were analyzed in duplicate, and the results indicated that washing under the described conditions did not allow a complete removal of dicofol residues from orange peel.