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Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación de laratio neutrófilo/linfocito (RNL) y ratio plaqueta/linfocito(RPL) con la respuesta al tratamiento mediante instilaciones de Bacilo Calmette Guerin (BCG) intravesical, enpacientes con diagnóstico inicial de tumor vesical nomúsculo-invasivos (TVNMI) de alto riesgo.Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico con pacientes diagnosticados de tumor vesicalinicial de alto riesgo y sometidos a instilaciones endovesicales con BCG entre enero 2016 y diciembre2017. Inicialmente se recogieron 74 pacientes contumor vesical inicial. Se excluyeron aquellos sin estirpeurotelial pura, con carcinoma in situ (Cis) asociado, con tratamientos corticoideos crónicos y perdidos durante elseguimiento. Instilamos dosis completa de BCG (81mg)con pauta de inducción (6 dosis) y mantenimiento (9 dosis) durante un año. Se recogieron variables demográficas (sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal) y analíticas(RNL y RPL) previas al inicio del tratamiento con BCG.Definimos respuesta al tratamiento como ausencia derecidiva y/o progresión. Se realizó análisis estadísticomediante t de student, Chi cuadrado, ANOVA y curvasROC.Resultados: La cohorte del estudio incluyó finalmente50 pacientes: 10 mujeres y 40 varones, con una edadmedia de 70 años. Todos estos pacientes tenían tumorurotelial puro alto grado, 12 de ellos estadio Ta y 38estadio T1. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 24 meses,presentando recidiva tumoral un 28% de los pacientes.No se encontró relación entre RNL y éxito de la BCG(p=0,738) ni entre RPL y éxito de BCG (p=0,768). Tampoco pudimos establecer un punto de corte mediantecurvas ROC.En el análisis multivariante, no encontramos significación estadística entre la recidiva tumoral y los datos analizados (Variables demográficas: Edad, sexo, índice demasa corporal y variables analíticas: RNL/RPL).Conclusion: Pese a lo descrito en la literatura, nohemos encontrado asociación entre la RNL ni la RPL con...(AU)

Objetives: To evaluate the associationof neuthophyl/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with BCG intravesical responses inpatients with initial diagnosis of non/muscle invasivebladder tumor high-risk (NMIBC).Materials and methods: Retrospective multicenterstudy on patients with initial diagnosis of high-gradeNMIBC treated with BCG between January 2016 andDecember 2017. Initially a total of 74 patients werecollected. Those patients with mixt pathology, cis, chronic corticoid usage and lost to follow-up, were excluded.Induction BCG (x6) and BCG maintenance scheduleswere administered (x9) over 1 year. Demographic variables (sex, age, BMI) and blood variables (NLR, PLR)before BCG instillation were collected. Response totreatment was defined as absence of recurrence and/or progression. A statistical analysis with T-student, Chisquare, ANOVA and ROC curves was performed.Results: Final study cohort included a total of 50 patients. 10 females and 40 males. Median age was 70year old. All patients had pure urothelial carcinoma, 12with pTa and 38 with pT1. Median follow-up was 24months. A total of 28% had a recurrence. No correlationbetween NLR or PLR and BCG response was observed(p=0.738; p= 0.768). Neither a cut off was established through ROC curves.At multivariate analysis, there was no significative relationship between recurrence and the clinical and bloodsamples analyzed (sec, age, BMI, NLR, PLR)Conclusion: No correlation between NLR and PLRhas been reported with BCG response on high-gradeNMIBC.(AU)

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of neuthophyl/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with BCG intravesical responses in patients with initial diagnosis of non/muscle invasive bladder tumor high-risk (NMIBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study on patients with initial diagnosis of high-grade NMIBC treated with BCG between January 2016 and December 2017. Initially a total of 74 patients were collected. Those patients with mixt pathology, cis, chronic corticoid usage and lost to follow-up, were excluded. Induction BCG (x6) and BCG maintenance schedules were administered (x9) over 1 year. Demographic variables (sex, age, BMI) and blood variables (NLR, PLR) before BCG instillation were collected. Response to treatment was defined as absence of recurrence and/ or progression. A statistical analysis with T-student, Chi square, ANOVA and ROC curves was performed. RESULTS: Final study cohort included a total of 50 patients. 10 females and 40 males. Median age was 70 year old. All patients had pure urothelial carcinoma, 12 with pTa and 38 with pT1. Median follow-up was 24 months. A total of 28% had a recurrence. No correlation between NLR or PLR and BCG response was observed (p=0.738; p= 0.768). Neither a cut off was established through ROC curves. At multivariate analysis, there was no significative relationship between recurrence and the clinical and blood samples analyzed (sec, age, BMI, NLR, PLR)CONCLUSION: No correlation between NLR and PLR has been reported with BCG response on high-grade NMIBC.

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la asociación de la ratio neutrófilo/linfocito (RNL) y ratio plaqueta/linfocito (RPL) con la respuesta al tratamiento mediante instilaciones de Bacilo Calmette Guerin (BCG) intravesical, en pacientes con diagnóstico inicial de tumor vesical no músculo-invasivos (TVNMI) de alto riesgo.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico con pacientes diagnosticados de tumor vesical inicial de alto riesgo y sometidos a instilaciones endovesicales con BCG entre enero 2016 y diciembre 2017. Inicialmente se recogieron 74 pacientes con tumor vesical inicial. Se excluyeron aquellos sin estirpe urotelial pura, con carcinoma in situ (Cis) asociado, con tratamientos corticoideos crónicos y perdidos durante el seguimiento. Instilamos dosis completa de BCG (81mg) con pauta de inducción (6 dosis) y mantenimiento (9 dosis) durante un año. Se recogieron variables demográficas (sexo, edad e índice de masa corporal) y analíticas (RNL y RPL) previas al inicio del tratamiento con BCG. Definimos respuesta al tratamiento como ausencia de recidiva y/o progresión. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante t de student, Chi cuadrado, ANOVA y curvas ROC. RESULTADOS: La cohorte del estudio incluyó finalmente 50 pacientes: 10 mujeres y 40 varones, con una edad media de 70 años. Todos estos pacientes tenían tumor urotelial puro alto grado, 12 de ellos estadio Ta y 38 estadio T1. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 24 meses, presentando recidiva tumoral un 28% de los pacientes. No se encontró relación entre RNL y éxito de la BCG (p=0,738) ni entre RPL y éxito de BCG (p=0,768). Tampoco pudimos establecer un punto de corte mediante curvas ROC. En el análisis multivariante, no encontramos significación estadística entre la recidiva tumoral y los datos analizados (Variables demográficas: Edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal y variables analíticas: RNL/RPL).CONCLUSIÓN: Pese a lo descrito en la literatura, no hemos encontrado asociación entre la RNL ni la RPL con la respuesta al tratamiento con BCG en TVNMI de alto riesgo.

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OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the current clinical practice for patients with Prostate Cancer (CP) in the Health Areas of Castilla y León (CyL) in 2014. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study was designed to provide data on the diagnosis and treatment of PC in CyL: 87.8% of patients were screened. Descriptive statistics on variables related to characteristics of the patient, the tumor and the treatment modality of the first line to which it was submitted are provided. RESULTS: A total of 1156 new cases of PC were analyzed with a mean age of 68.2 years and a mean PSA of 8.40 ng/ml. The Gleason score (GS) showed 538 (46.2%), 418 (35.9 %) and 200 (17.1%) patients for GS ≤ 6, 7 and  ≥ 8 respectively. 91% of patients (1053 patients) are diagnosed at a localized stage. 56 (4.8%) patients received treatment with active surveillance/ watchful waiting, 423 (36.6%) radical prostatectomy (PR), 348 (30.1%) radiotherapy (RT), 98 (8.4%) brachytherapy (BT) and 170 (14.7%) hormone therapy (HT) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Differed strategies still accounted for a small percentage of treatments. PR and RT/BT were of choice in patients with localized stages of the disease and younger than 70 years. More advanced stages and older patients were treated with HT mainly. Age is postulated as the main factor involved in therapeutic decision making.

OBJETIVO: Conocer la práctica clínica real en pacientes con Cáncer de Próstata (CP) en las Áreas Sanitarias de Castilla y León (CyL) en el año 2014. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se diseña un estudio multicéntrico con carácter retrospectivo para disponer de datos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del CP en CyL: se logra una cobertura del 87,8% de los pacientes comunitarios. Se aporta estadística descriptiva sobre las variables referentes a características del paciente, del tumor y de la modalidad de tratamiento de primera línea a la que fue sometido. RESULTADOS: Se analizan 1.156 nuevos casos de CP con una edad media de 68,2 años y una mediana de PSA de 8,4 ng/ml. La puntuación de Gleason (PG) muestra 538 (46,2%), 418 (35,9%) y 200 (17,1%) pacientes para PG ≤  6, 7 y  ≥ 8 respectivamente. El 91,0% de los pacientes (1.053 pacientes) son diagnosticados en estadio localizado. 56 pacientes (4,8%) son tratados con estrategias diferidas (EDs), vigilancia activa/ observación, 423 (36,6%) con prostatectomia radical (PR), 348 (30,1%) con radioterapia, 98 (8,4%) con braquiterapia (BT) y 170 (14,7%) con hormonoterapia (HT). CONCLUSIONES: Las EDs aún supusieron un porcentaje pequeño de los tratamientos. PR y RT/BT fueron de elección en pacientes con estadios localizados de la enfermedad y menores de 70 años. Estadios más avanzados y pacientes mayores fueron tratados con HT principalmente. La edad se postula como el principal factor implicado en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas.

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Objetivo: Conocer la práctica clínica real en pacientes con Cáncer de Próstata (CP) en las Áreas Sanitarias de Castilla y León (CyL) en el año 2014. Material y métodos: Se diseña un estudio multicéntrico con carácter retrospectivo para disponer de datos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento del CP en CyL: se logra una cobertura del 87,8% de los pacientes comunitarios. Se aporta estadística descriptiva sobre las variables referentes a características del paciente, del tumor y de la modalidad de tratamiento de primera línea a la que fue sometido. Resultados: Se analizan 1.156 nuevos casos de CP con una edad media de 68,2 años y una mediana de PSA de 8,4 ng/ml. La puntuación de Gleason (PG) muestra 538 (46,2%), 418 (35,9%) y 200 (17,1%) pacientes para PG ≤ 6, 7 y ≥ 8 respectivamente. El 91,0% de los pacientes (1.053 pacientes) son diagnosticados en estadio localizado. 56 pacientes (4,8%) son tratados con estrategias diferidas (EDs), vigilancia activa/ observación, 423 (36,6%) con prostatectomia radical (PR), 348 (30,1%) con radioterapia, 98 (8,4%) con braquiterapia (BT) y 170 (14,7%) con hormonoterapia (HT). Conclusiones: Las EDs aún supusieron un porcentaje pequeño de los tratamientos. PR y RT/BT fueron de elección en pacientes con estadios localizados de la enfermedad y menores de 70 años. Estadios más avanzados y pacientes mayores fueron tratados con HT principalmente. La edad se postula como el principal factor implicado en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas

Objectives: To evaluate the current clinical practice for patients with Prostate Cancer (CP) in the Health Areas of Castilla y León (CyL) in 2014. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was designed to provide data on the diagnosis and treatment of PC in CyL: 87.8% of patients were screened. Descriptive statistics on variables related to characteristics of the patient, the tumor and the treatment modality of the first line to which it was submitted are provided. Results: A total of 1156 new cases of PC were analyzed with a mean age of 68.2 years and a mean PSA of 8.40 ng/ml. The Gleason score (GS) showed 538 (46.2%), 418 (35.9 %) and 200 (17.1%) patients for GS ≤6, 7 and ≥8 respectively. 91% of patients (1053 patients) are diagnosed at a localized stage. 56 (4.8%) patients received treatment with active surveillance/ watchful waiting, 423 (36.6%) radical prostatectomy (PR), 348 (30.1%) radiotherapy (RT), 98 (8.4%) brachytherapy (BT) and 170 (14.7%) hormone therapy (HT) respectively. Conclusions: Differed strategies still accounted for a small percentage of treatments. PR and RT/BT were of choice in patients with localized stages of the disease and younger than 70 years. More advanced stages and older patients were treated with HT mainly. Age is postulated as the main factor involved in therapeutic decision making

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OBJECTIVE: To compare three laparoscopic surgical techniques for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), assessing their difficulty, operating time, effectiveness, and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical histories of 54 patients with UPJO who underwent a laparoscopic procedure between June 2003 and September 2013 were reviewed. Anderson-Hynes (A-H) pyeloplasty was performed on 34 patients, nondismembered pyeloplasty on 11 cases (8 Y-V Foley plasty and 3 Fenger plasty), and cephalad vascular displacement or Hellström technique (HT) on 9 patients. The patients were selected for the different techniques depending on the findings during the procedures, according to renal pelvic size and the presence of crossing vessels. We compared the techniques according to intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Complications were interpreted following the Clavien-Dindo classification. The success rate was defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and normal diuretic renography. Analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 55.58 months. The success rate achieved was 88.5% for A-H pyeloplasty, 90.9% for nondismembered pyeloplasty, and 100% for HT (p > 0.05). HT was the least time-consuming: 124 ± 30 vs 202 ± 44 minutes of A-H pyeloplasty and 147 ± 27 minutes of nondismembered plasty (p < 0.005). Mean hospital stay was 6.7 ± 1.4 days for A-H pyeloplasty, 6.6 ± 2 days for nondismembered pyeloplasty, and 3.42 ± 1.5 days for HT (p < 0.05). The postoperative complication rate was 21.1% for A-H pyeloplasty, 18.8% for nondismembered pyeloplasty, and 12.5% for HT (p > 0.05). None of the cases required open surgery, and urinary fistula was the most frequent complication. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative observation of ureteropelvic junction allows selecting cases to undergo nondismembered pyeloplasty techniques, achieving similar results to A-H pyeloplasty, reducing operating time, complication rate, and hospital stay.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of contemporary minilaparoscopy (ML; 3 mm instruments and laparoscope) and to identify predictive factors for complications in a prospective multicenter series for renal and adrenal surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2013 to December 2014, 110 patients from 6 laparoscopic Spanish centers were enrolled. A common database was used and data were collected in a prospective manner. Standard approach was defined as 3 to 4 3-mm trocars with a 3-mm laparoscope and 3-mm instruments (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Descriptive variables were analyzed and statistical analysis was performed for predictive factors for complications. RESULTS: Patient mean age was 57.8 ± 14.6 years, with an average body mass index of 25.3 ± 3.6 kg/m(2). Median American Society of Anesthesiologists score was II and 32% (n = 35) of the patients had a previous surgery. A total of 59 nephrectomies, 20 partial nephrectomies, 9 nephroureterectomies, 13 pyeloplasties, 3 pyelolithotomies, and 6 adrenalectomies were performed. Overall operative time was 180 ± 64 minutes. There were 12 clampless partials and 8 with a mean warm ischemia time of 14 ± 7 min. There were 5% of intraoperative and 8% of postoperative complications (Clavien II-IV). Mean hospital stay was 5 ± 2.3 days, with optimal pain and cosmetic control. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is one of the largest prospective series of ML for renal and adrenal surgeries. Despite a mean operative time possibly longer than in standard laparoscopy, clinical and safety outcomes are not compromised. Furthermore, ML results in excellent pain control and cosmetic outcomes.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of renal colic (RC) in a northwestern area of Spain and its relationship with seasonal and meteorological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 700,257 cases that presented at the emergency room (ER) between 2005 and 2013. We reviewed data such as age, gender, arrival at ER, tests performed and destination after ER. Monthly data regarding temperature, humidity and hours of daylight were taken into account. The Student t-test, the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis. RC visits were correlated with meteorological characteristics using the Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 9,330 cases were diagnosed as RC episodes (1.41% of total cases presented). The age range was 14-100 years and mean age was 47 years. Prevalence in men was higher (55.6%) than in women (44.4%). After the seasonal decomposition analysis by month, a significant increase in RC incidence was observed in the months of June, July, August and December (107-114%). There is a statistically significant correlation between mean monthly temperature and RC visit rate (R 0.33, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of RC in our region is slightly higher than the one described in the literature. A significant increase in RCs is observed in the summer months, as well as a significant correlation between incidence and temperature.

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PURPOSE: We estimate the annual incidence of bladder cancer in Spain and describe the clinical profile of patients with bladder cancer enrolled in a population based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the structure of the Spanish National Health System as a basis, in 2011 the AEU (Spanish Association of Urology) conducted this study with a representative sample from 26 public hospitals and a reference population of 10,146,534 inhabitants, comprising 21.5% of the Spanish population. RESULTS: A total of 4,285 episodes of bladder cancer were diagnosed, of which 2,476 (57.8%) were new cases and 1,809 (42.2%) were cases of recurrence, representing an estimated 11,539 new diagnoses annually in Spain. The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, was 20.08 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI 13.9, 26.3). Of patients diagnosed with a first episode of bladder cancer 84.3% were male, generally older than 59 years (81.7%) with a mean ± SD age of 70.5 ± 11.4 years. Of these patients 87.5% presented with some type of clinical symptom, with macroscopic hematuria (90.8%) being the most commonly detected. The majority of primary tumors were nonmuscle invasive (76.7%) but included a high proportion of high grade tumors (43.7%). According to the ISUP (International Society of Urologic Pathology)/WHO (2004) classification 51.1% was papillary high grade carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ was found in 2.2% of primary and 5.8% of recurrent cases. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of bladder cancer in Spain, age adjusted to the standard European population, confirms that Spain has one of the highest incidences in Europe. Most primary nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer corresponded to high risk patients but with a low detected incidence of carcinoma in situ.

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PURPOSE: To review the incidence of UTIs, post-operative fever, and risk factors for post-operative fever in PCNL patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2007 and 2009, consecutive PCNL patients were enrolled from 96 centers participating in the PCNL Global Study. Only data from patients with pre-operative urine samples and who received antibiotic prophylaxis were included. Pre-operative bladder urine culture and post-operative fever (>38.5°C) were assessed. Relationship between various patient and operative factors and occurrence of post-operative fever was assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Eight hundred and sixty-five (16.2%) patients had a positive urine culture; Escherichia coli was the most common micro-organism found in urine of the 350 patients (6.5%). Of the patients with negative pre-operative urine cultures, 8.8% developed a fever post-PCNL, in contrast to 18.2% of patients with positive urine cultures. Fever developed more often among the patients whose urine cultures consisted of Gram-negative micro-organisms (19.4-23.8%) versus those with Gram-positive micro-organisms (9.7-14.5%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a positive urine culture (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, CI [1.69-2.65]), staghorn calculus (OR = 1.59, CI [1.28-1.96]), pre-operative nephrostomy (OR = 1.61, CI [1.19-2.17]), lower patient age (OR for each year of 0.99, CI [0.99-1.00]), and diabetes (OR = 1.38, CI [1.05-1.81]) all increased the risk of post-operative fever. Limitations include the use of fever as a predictor of systemic infection. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 10% of PCNL-treated patients developed fever in the post-operative period despite receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. Risk of post-operative fever increased in the presence of a positive urine bacterial culture, diabetes, staghorn calculi, and a pre-operative nephrostomy.

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OBJETIVO: Estudiar la eficacia y fiabilidad de una nueva técnica mínimamente invasora para el tratamiento del uréter terminal en la nefroureterectomía por tumor urotelial, tanto abierta como laparoscópica.MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 14 pacientes a los que se practicó la técnica de sellado intravesical del uréter terminal y desinserción endoscópica del mismo previamente a la nefroureterectomía (11 laparoscópicas, 3 abiertas) indicada por tumor de urotelio superior durante el periodo de julio de 2003 a noviembre de 2007. El procedimiento se llevó a cabo en 11 varones y 3 mujeres con edad media de 59,5 (rango: 35-70 años). El tumor asentó en la pelvis renal en 12 casos, y en el uréter proximal en 2 casos. El estadio correspondió a Ta - T1 en 10 pacientes, T2 en 3 y T3 en 1 caso. El grado tumoral fue G3 en 9 casos y G2 en los 5 restantes.La desinserción se realizó mediante un cuchillete de Collins. Para evitar el contacto de la orina con el espacio retroperitoneal se procedió al cierre precoz del meato mediante una grapa introducida a través de un puerto transvesical.RESULTADOS: El tiempo quirúrgico total de la nefroureterectomía fue de 231,15 minutos (rango: 200-340). La tasa de complicaciones para la intervención valorada globalmente (nefroureterectomía) fue de 28,4%, y la tasa de las relacionadas solo con este procedimiento técnico (cierre transvesical del meato y desinserción) fue de 14,2%.Todos los pacientes fueron dados de alta tras la retirada de la sonda vesical, siendo la estancia hospitalaria media de 10,14 días (rango: 6-22).Con un seguimiento medio de 25,3 meses (rango: 12-64) no hemos registrado recidivas locales en el retroperitoneo. En un paciente hubo recidiva vesical. Otro paciente desarrolló una metástasis en glándula suprarrenal que se trató satisfactoriamente(AU)

CONCLUSIONES: El cierre precoz del uréter terminal mediante grapa transvesical previo a su desinserción endoscópica en la nefroureterectomía constituye una técnica segura desde el punto de vista oncológico, con una tasa de complicaciones aceptable, que evita el segundo tiempo abierto para el manejo del uréter terminal(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To study the effectiveness and reliability of a new minimally invasive technique for the treatment of the terminal ureter in nephroureterectomy due to transitional cell carcinoma, both in open and laparoscopic procedures.METHODS: Observational retrospective study of 14 patients that underwent intravesical sealing and endoscopic excision of terminal ureter, before ureterectomy (11 laparoscopic, 3 open), due to an upper urinary tract tumor, between July 2003 and November 2007. This procedure was performed on 11 males and 3 females, average age 59.5 years, (range: 35-70). The tumor settled on the renal pelvis in 12 cases and on the proximal ureter in 2. Stage was Ta – T1 in 10 patients, T2 in 3, and T3 in 1. Tumor grade was G3 in 9 cases and G2 in 5.Excision was carried out with a Collins knife. In order to avoid contact between the urine and retroperitoneal space, the meatus was quickly sealed with a clip introduced by means of a transvesical trocar.RESULTS: Total surgical time of nephroureterectomy was 231.15 minutes (range 200-340). Global complication rate for the procedure was 28.4%, but the rate for the cases associated with this technique (meatus sealing and disinsertion) was 14.2%.All patients were discharged after removing bladder catheter. Mean hospital stay was 10.14 days (range: 6-22).After an average follow-up of 25.3 months (range: 12-64), no retroperitoneal recurrence has been reported. One of the patients had bladder recurrence and another one developed metastasis to the suprarenal gland that was treated satisfactorily.CONCLUSIONS: Quick sealing of distal ureter by transvesical application of a clip before its endoscopic excision in nephrourecterectomy is a sound technique from an oncological point of view, with an acceptable complication rate that avoids a second open time to manage distal ureter(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To find out the outcomes of endopyelotomy alter a long-term follow-up and determine the variables that may influence the results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We review the results obtained in 77 patients that underwent antegrade endopyelotomy with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, after 10-year follow-up. We used the Kaplan-Meier curve in order to determine the probable failure rate at a certain point. We took measurements of the pyelocalix area and studied its shape to find out the influence of hydronephrosis in the outcomes. Other variables, such as renal function, previous surgery, lithiasis and renal malformation associated, were analysed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 149.26 months. Faliure rate probability was 26.9, 34.5 and 36.8% a year, 5 years and 10 years later, respectively. Major failure concentration occurred in the first 20 months. Mean pyelocalix area success was 19.70 +/- 8.32 cm2 vs 30.19 +/- 11.07 cm2 of failure, (p=0,018). There were no differences between the values of the shape factor in either success and failure. (0,87 vs 0.88, p= 0.135, respectively). Renal function (45.1% success vs 40,9% failure, p=0,625), previous surgery (62% success after previous surgery vs 64.7% first procedure, p=0.843), and lithiasis associated (69.3% success through lithiasis vs 61.1% without lithiasis, p=0.541) did not affect the outcomes. Concomitance of hydronephrosis and renal malformation affected the outcomes negatively. CONCLUSION: Endopyelotomy success rate reduces long-term follow-up, however, after the fifth year it becomes stable. Selecting cases to apply this technique according to the value of hydronephrosis area could improve the results.

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Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la endopielotomía con un seguimiento a largo plazo y determinar las variables que influyen en los mismos. Material y Métodos: Se revisan los resultados de la endopielotomía anterógrada realizada en 77 pacientes con obstrucción de la unión pieloureteral (OUPU) con un seguimiento superior a 10 años. Se utilizó la curva de Kaplan-Meier para conocer la probabilidad de fracaso en un determinado momento. Se realizó planimetría del área pielocalicial y se estudio su factor de forma para conocer la influencia de la hidronefrosis en el resultado. Se estudiaron otras variables como el grado de función renal, cirugía previa, coexistencia de litiasis y malformación renal asociada. Resultados: El seguimiento medio fue de 149,26 meses. La probabilidad de fracaso fue de 26,9%, 34,5% y 36,8% al año, 5 años y 10 años respectivamente. La mayor concentración de fracasos se produjo dentro de los 20 primeros meses. El área pielocalicial media en los éxitos fue de 19,70±8,32 cm2 vs 30,19±11,07 cm2 en los fracasos, (p=0,018).No hubo diferencias entre los valores del factor de forma en los éxitos y en los fracasos (0,87 vs 0,88, p= 0,135, respectivamente). La función renal (45,1% en éxitos vs 40,9% en fracasos, p=0,625), la cirugía previa (62% de éxito con cirugía previa vs 64,7% en primarias, p=0,843), y la asociación con litiasis (69,3% éxito con litiasis vs 61,1% sin litiasis, p=0,541) no influyeron el resultado. La concomitancia de hidronefrosis y malformación renal afectó negativamente el resultado. Conclusión: La tasa de éxito de la endopielotomía disminuye en seguimientos a largo plazo, si bien a partir del quinto año se mantiene estable. Seleccionar casos para esta técnica de acuerdo al área de la hidronefrosis podría mejorar el resultado (AU)

Objective: To find out the outcomes of endopyelotomy alter a long-term follow-up and determine the variables that may influence the results. Material and Methods: We review the results obtained in 77 patients that underwent antegrade endopyelotomy with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, after 10- year follow-up. We used the Kaplan-Meier curve in order to determine the probable failure rate at a certain point. We took measurements of the pyelocalix area and studied its shape to find out the influence of hydronephrosis in the outcomes. Other variables, such as renal function, previous surgery, lithiasis and renal malformation associated, were analysed. Results: Mean follow-up was 149.26 months. Faliure rate probability was 26.9, 34.5 and 36.8% a year, 5 years and 10 years later, respectively. Major failure concentration occurred in the first 20 months. Mean pyelocalix area success was 19.70±8.32 cm2 vs 30.19±11.07 cm2 of failure, (p=0,018). There were no differences between the values of the shape factor in either success and failure. (0, 87 vs 0.88, p= 0.135, respectively). Renal function (45.1% success vs 40,9% failure, p=0,625), previous surgery (62% success after previous surgery vs 64.7% first procedure, p=0.843), and lithiasis associated (69.3% success through lithiasis vs 61.1% without lithiasis, p=0.541) did not affect the outcomes. Concomitance of hydronephrosis and renal malformation affected the outcomes negatively. Conclusion: Endopyelotomy success rate reduces long-term follow-up, however, after the fifth year it becomes stable. Selecting cases to apply this technique according to the value of hydronephrosis area could improve the results (AU)

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Hacemos en este trabajo una revisión de las tendencias actuales y de las nuevas perspectivas del uso del láser en urología, analizando los diferentes campos en los que se ha utilizado esta energía. En litotricia, el láser ha modificando los algoritmos terapéuticos de la litiasis ureteral. Además, su posibilidad de empleo en ureteroscopia flexible está permitiendo realizar la litotricia intracorpórea «in situ» a nivel renal. Nuevos láseres como el Erbium: YAG, más eficaces y más inocuos que el holmium están actualmente en desarrollo. La investigación en nuevas fibras, más flexibles, económicas y duraderas es el próximo reto en este campo. En HBP, si bien el láser KTP ha conseguido una difusión extraordinaria para un determinado tipo de volumen prostático, nuevos láseres como el Thulium y el Diodo, dada la precisión de su corte, compiten con el Holmium en el terreno enucleación prostática. La aplicación del láser en la terapia fotodinámica del cáncer urológico y en la soldadura de tejidos constituyen en la actualidad nuevos objetivos de investigación prometedores (AU)

We review the current trends and new perspectives of the use of laser in urology, analyzing different fields in which this energy has been used. In lithotripsy, the laser has modified the therapeutic algorithms for ureteral lithiasis. Moreover, the possibility of using laser with flexible ureteroscopes is enabling the performance of intracorporeal in situ renal lithotripsy. New lasers such as Erbium:yag, more effective and more innocuous than holmium are currently under development. The research in new fibers, more flexible, economic and long-lasting is the next challenge in this field. In BPH, although the KTP laser has obtained and extraordinary diffusion for a certain type of prostate volume, new lasers such as thulium and diode, are in competition with holmium laser in the field of prostatic enucleation due to their precise cut. The application of laser in photodynamic therapy for urological cancers and tissue welding are currently new promising objectives of research (AU)

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We review the current trends and new perspectives of the use of laser in urology, analyzing different fields in which this energy has been used. In lithotripsy, the laser has modified the therapeutic algorithms for ureteral lithiasis. Moreover, the possibility of using laser with flexible ureteroscopes is enabling the performance of intracorporeal in situ renal lithotripsy. New lasers such as Erbium:yag, more effective and more innocuous than holmium are currently under development. The research in new fibers, more flexible, economic and long-lasting is the next challenge in this field. In BPH, although the KTP laser has obtained and extraordinary diffusion for a certain type of prostate volume, new lasers such as thulium and diode, are in competition with holmium laser in the field of prostatic enucleation due to their precise cut. The application of laser in photodynamic therapy for urological cancers and tissue welding are currently new promising objectives of research.

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