RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To identify subgroups with a congenital heart defect (CHD) at risk of health-related quality of life (QoL) impairment at 8 years of age according to their medical and surgical management. STUDY DESIGN: From a prospective population-based cohort study, 598 patients with CHD were subdivided according to their medical and surgical management: (1) CHD followed-up in an outpatient clinic, (2) complete repair before age 3 years, (3) complete repair after age 3 years, (4) palliative repair, or (5) CHD with spontaneous resolution (reference subgroup). Self-reported QoL and parent-reported QoL were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (score range, 0-100) at age 8 years. Multivariable regression analysis and Cohen effect size were used to compare outcomes across the CHD groups. RESULTS: Self-reported and parent-reported QoL scores for the palliative repair subgroup were lower (ß = -2.1 [95% CI, -3.9 to -0.2] and ß = -16.0 [95% CI, -22.4 to -9.5], respectively), with a large effect size (δ = -0.9 [95% CI, -1.4 to -0.4] and δ = -1.3 [95% CI, -1.8 to -0.7], respectively). Parent-reported QoL scores for the complete repair after age 3 years subgroup were lower (ß = -9.2; 95% CI, -15.0 to -3.5), with a large effect size (δ = -0.9; 95% CI, -1.4 to -0.5). Self-reported QoL scores for the complete repair before age 3 years subgroup was lower (ß = -1.3; 95% CI, -1.9 to -0.6), with a small effect size (δ = -0.4; 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The QoL of children with CHD who experienced a hospital intervention is reduced at age 8 years. Patient age at the last cardiac intervention might influence QoL at 8 years.
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías Congénitas , Calidad de Vida , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Humanos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the inspiratory demand in young infants with acute viral bronchiolitis to provide a physiological basis for initial flow setting for patients supported with high flow nasal cannula. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study in 44 infants up to 6 months old with acute viral bronchiolitis, admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit from November 2017 to March 2019. Airflow measurements were performed using spirometry. The primary endpoint was the inspiratory demand as measured by peak tidal inspiratory flow (PTIF). The secondary endpoints were the relationships determined between PTIF, patient weight, and disease severity. RESULTS: Median (Q25-Q75) age and weight of the patients were 37 (20-67) days and 4.3 (3.5-5.0) kg, respectively. Mean PTIF was 7.45 (95% CI 6.51-8.39, min-max: 2.40-16.00) L/minute. PTIF indexed to weight was 1.68 (95% CI 1.51-1.85, min-max: 0.67-3.00) L/kg/minute. PTIF was <2.5 L/kg/minute in 89% (95% CI 75-96) of infants. PTIF was correlated with weight (ρ= 0 .55, P < .001) but not with markers of disease severity, including modified Woods clinical asthma score, Silverman-Andersen score, respiratory rate, fraction of inspired oxygen, and PCO2. CONCLUSIONS: High flow nasal cannula therapy is used commonly to support infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. The efficiency of the device is optimal if the flow setting matches the patient's inspiratory demand. According to our results, a flow rate of <2.5 L/kg/minute would be appropriate in most situations.
Asunto(s)
Bronquiolitis Viral/fisiopatología , Bronquiolitis Viral/terapia , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno/métodos , Ventilación Pulmonar , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Cánula , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study the ventilatory response during exercise in 8- to 10-year-old children born in 1998 to 2000 with a birthweight <1500 g (very low birthweight [VLBW]). STUDY DESIGN: We studied 19 VLBW children and 20 full-term children paired for age and sex. A physical activity questionnaire was administered. Lean body mass, spirometry, and maximal inspiratory pressure were assessed at rest. Gas exchange, breathing pattern, and the tension-time index of the inspiratory muscles, a noninvasive indicator of inspiratory muscle effort, were evaluated during a continuous incremental cycling protocol. RESULTS: VLBW children had lower weight, height, lean body mass, and maximal inspiratory pressure than control subjects. Their physical activity level was not different. During exercise, they had a higher respiratory rate and minute ventilation for the same metabolic level (VCO(2)/kg) and a higher tension-time index of the inspiratory muscles for the same exercise level (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption). CONCLUSIONS: The lower inspiratory muscle strength observed in school-age VLBW children resulted in a higher inspiratory effort during incremental exercise. The rapid but not shallow breathing pattern adopted by this population during exercise may have been in response to their lower inspiratory muscle resistance to fatigue. VLBW children complaining of dyspnea should be investigated with exercise testing.