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This qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory documentary and field research aimed to analyze how children and adolescents are included in the formulation of public mental health policies. The document analysis database consisted of reports from Health Conferences (national, state, and municipal), minutes of meetings of the Health Council (national, state, and municipal), and memories of the Thematic Commission on Mental Health (state and municipal). Nine counselors or former health counselors participated in this study through an individual interview with a semi-structured script. Furthermore, the theoretical framework for the analysis of this research was based on the communicative action of Jürgen Habermas. The themes that emerged from the documentary research included the guidelines for intersectoral processes, as well as the expansion of beds for children and adolescents. In addition, the interviews indicated the lack of discussion on the subject, predominance of the punitive perspective, and need for a broader debate. The lack of intersubjective spaces for democratic listening compromises communicative action, resulting in the invisibility of children and adolescents in the policy formulation process and reduced opportunities for participation and social control.

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar como crianças e adolescentes são contemplados nos processos de participação para a formulação das políticas públicas de saúde mental. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória de caráter documental e de campo. A base de dados da análise documental consistiu em: relatórios das Conferências de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal), atas de reuniões do Conselho de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal) e memórias da Comissão Temática de Saúde Mental (estadual e municipal). Participaram deste estudo nove conselheiros ou ex-conselheiros de saúde, por meio de uma entrevista individual com roteiro semiestruturado. Como marco teórico de análise desta pesquisa, foi proposto o agir comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas. Dentre os temas que emergiram da pesquisa documental, encontram-se as diretrizes de processos intersetoriais, bem como a ampliação de leitos para crianças e adolescentes. As entrevistas apontaram a falta de discussão da temática, predomínio da perspectiva punitivista e para a necessidade de um debate mais amplo. A falta de espaços intersubjetivos de escuta democrática compromete o agir comunicativo, ocasionando a invisibilização da criança e do adolescente no processo de formulação da política e enfraquecendo os espaços de participação e controle social.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aims to calculate the global warming potential, in carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions, from all in-scope activities involved in a phase-1 clinical study. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. DATA SOURCE: Internal data held by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. STUDIES INCLUDED: Janssen-sponsored TMC114FD1HTX1002 study conducted between 2019 and 2021. MAIN OUTCOME: Measure CO2 equivalents (CO2e) for in-scope clinical trial activities calculated according to intergovernmental panel on climate change 2021 impact assessment methodology. RESULTS: The CO2e emissions generated by the trial were 17.65 tonnes. This is equivalent to the emissions generated by driving an average petrol-fueled family car 71 004 km or roughly 1.8 times around the circumference of the Earth. Commuting to the clinical site by the study participants generated the most emissions (5419 kg, 31% of overall emissions), followed by trial site utilities (2725 kg, 16% of overall emissions) and site staff travel (2560 kg, 15% of overall emissions). In total, the movement of people (participant travel, site staff travel and trial site staff travel) accounted for 8914 kg or 51% of overall trial emissions. CONCLUSIONS: Decentralised trial models which seek to bring clinical trial operations closer to the participant offer opportunities to reduce participant travel. The electrification of sponsor vehicle fleets and society's transition towards electric vehicles may result in further reductions. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04208061.

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Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar como crianças e adolescentes são contemplados nos processos de participação para a formulação das políticas públicas de saúde mental. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória de caráter documental e de campo. A base de dados da análise documental consistiu em: relatórios das Conferências de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal), atas de reuniões do Conselho de Saúde (nacional, estadual e municipal) e memórias da Comissão Temática de Saúde Mental (estadual e municipal). Participaram deste estudo nove conselheiros ou ex-conselheiros de saúde, por meio de uma entrevista individual com roteiro semiestruturado. Como marco teórico de análise desta pesquisa, foi proposto o agir comunicativo de Jürgen Habermas. Dentre os temas que emergiram da pesquisa documental, encontram-se as diretrizes de processos intersetoriais, bem como a ampliação de leitos para crianças e adolescentes. As entrevistas apontaram a falta de discussão da temática, predomínio da perspectiva punitivista e para a necessidade de um debate mais amplo. A falta de espaços intersubjetivos de escuta democrática compromete o agir comunicativo, ocasionando a invisibilização da criança e do adolescente no processo de formulação da política e enfraquecendo os espaços de participação e controle social.

Abstract This qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory documentary and field research aimed to analyze how children and adolescents are included in the formulation of public mental health policies. The document analysis database consisted of reports from Health Conferences (national, state, and municipal), minutes of meetings of the Health Council (national, state, and municipal), and memories of the Thematic Commission on Mental Health (state and municipal). Nine counselors or former health counselors participated in this study through an individual interview with a semi-structured script. Furthermore, the theoretical framework for the analysis of this research was based on the communicative action of Jürgen Habermas. The themes that emerged from the documentary research included the guidelines for intersectoral processes, as well as the expansion of beds for children and adolescents. In addition, the interviews indicated the lack of discussion on the subject, predominance of the punitive perspective, and need for a broader debate. The lack of intersubjective spaces for democratic listening compromises communicative action, resulting in the invisibility of children and adolescents in the policy formulation process and reduced opportunities for participation and social control.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o aspecto ético da fenomenologia das psicoses estabelecida pela Daseinsanalyse psiquiátrica de Ludwig Binswanger, a partir do modo como Merleau-Ponty concebe a experiência de outrem enquanto intercorporeidade. Inicialmente se apresenta a relação entre psiquiatria e fenomenologia, considerando a perspectiva de Binswanger sobre o problema da objetividade científica no campo da clínica e sua busca por desenvolver uma abordagem fundada na intersubjetividade. Ao final, procurou-se realizar alguns apontamentos sobre o sentido possível da aproximação entre fenomenologia e psiquiatria, de modo a tornar possível uma fenomenologia das psicoses que se constitua pelo reconhecimento da alteridade.

Resumos This article aims to analyze the ethical aspect of the phenomenology of psychoses established by Ludwig Binswanger's psychiatric Daseinsanalyse, based on the way Merleau-Ponty conceives the experience of others as intercorporeity. Initially, the relationship between psychiatry and phenomenology is presented, considering Binswanger's perspective on the problem of scientific objectivity in the clinical field and his quest to develop an approach based on intersubjectivity. Finally, we tried to make some notes about the possible meaning of the approximation between phenomenology and psychiatry, in order to make possible a phenomenology of psychoses that is constituted by the recognition of alterity.

Cet article analyse la dimension éthique de la phénoménologie des psychoses établie par la Daseinsanalyse psychiatrique de Ludwig Binswanger, basée sur la manière dont Merleau-Ponty conçoit l'expérience d'autrui comme intercorporéité. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons la relation entre la psychiatrie et la phénoménologie, en considérant la perspective de Binswanger sur le problème de l'objectivité scientifique dans le domaine clinique et sa quête pour développer une approche basée sur l'intersubjectivité. Enfin, nous essayons quelques remarques sur le sens possible du rapprochement entre phénoménologie et psychiatrie, afin de rendre possible une phénoménologie des psychoses qui soit constituée par la reconnaissance de l'altérité.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis del aspecto ético de la fenomenología de las psicosis establecida por el Daseinsanalyse psiquiátrico de Ludwig Binswanger, a partir de cómo Merleau-Ponty concibe la experiencia del otro como intercorporeidad. Inicialmente, se presenta la relación entre psiquiatría y fenomenología teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de Binswanger sobre el problema de la objetividad científica en el campo clínico y su búsqueda por desarrollar un enfoque basado en la intersubjetividad. Por último, se intenta hacer algunos apuntes sobre el posible significado de la aproximación entre fenomenología y psiquiatría para posibilitar una fenomenología de las psicosis que se constituya en el reconocimiento de la alteridad.

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Currently, propanol production highly depends on conventional fossil resources. Therefore, an alternative production process, denoted as "C123", is proposed and evaluated in which underutilized and methane-rich feedstocks such as biogas (scenario BG), marginal gas (scenario MG), and associated gas (scenario AG) are converted into propanol. A first modular-scale process concept was constructed in Aspen Plus, based on experimental data and know-how of the C123 consortium partners. The environmental performance of the considered scenarios was compared at the life cycle level by calculating key performance indicators (KPIs), such as the global warming burden. The results showed that scenario BG is the least dependent on fossil fuels for energy use. Scenario AG seems the most promising one based on almost all selected KPIs when taking into account the avoided gas flaring emissions. The performance of the C123 process concept could be improved by applying heat integration in the process concept.

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Globally, gas flaring caused 350 million tonnes of CO2 emissions in 2018. In addition to climate change, this burning practice also has other negative consequences for humans (e.g., respiratory problems) and the environment. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of flaring on human health (at the global and country level) via the calculation of the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) caused by the combustion of associated gas. For this quantification, gas flaring emissions were linked with midpoint indicators (e.g., climate change) in life cycle assessment (LCA) for all selected countries. Regionalised characterisation factors (CFs) were applied in the impact assessment to allow for spatial differentiation. The global impact on human health caused by flaring was obtained by taking the sum for all countries. The results show that these flaring emissions globally cause 4.83 × 105 DALYs or 6.19 × 10-5 DALYs/person on an annual basis. This amounts to 0.12% of the total DALYs related to air pollution (from PM2.5) caused by all polluting sectors and 6.51% of the total DALYs related to climate change. To quantify these impacts, this study uses a country perspective rather than considering local characteristics. Thus, if more precise information at a more local level (e.g., city level) is sought, additional factors (e.g., meteorological conditions) should be taken into account. Finally, future research should also focus on the benefits of gas flaring reduction techniques to enable the selection of the most promising technologies for the elimination of gas flaring and its effects.

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The transformation of ecosystems is known to be a major driver of biodiversity loss. Consequently, supporting tools such as life cycle assessment methods (LCA) include this aspect in the evaluation of a product's environmental performance. Such methods consist of quantifying input and output flows to assess their specific contributions to impact categories. Therefore, land occupation and transformation are considered as inputs to assess biodiversity impacts amongst others. However, the modelling of biodiversity impact in deep seafloor ecosystems is still lacking in LCA. Most of the LCA methods focus on terrestrial biodiversity and none of them can be transposed to benthic deep sea because of knowledge gaps. This manuscript proposes a LCA framework to assess biodiversity impacts in deep seafloor ecosystems. The framework builds upon the existing methods accounting for biodiversity impacts in terrestrial and coastal habitats. A two-step approach is proposed, assessing impacts on regional and on global biodiversity. While the evaluation of regional biodiversity impacts relies only on the benthic communities' response to disturbance, the global perspective considers ecosystem vulnerability and scarcity. Those provide additional perspective for the comparison of impacts occurring in different ecosystems. The framework is operationalised to a case study for deep-sea mining in the Clarion Clipperton Fractures Zone (CCZ). Through the large variety of data sources needed to run the impact evaluation modelling, the framework shows consistency and manages the existing limitations in the understanding of deep seafloor ecosystems, although limitations for its application in the CCZ were observed mainly due to the lack of finer scaled habitat maps and data on connectivity. With growing interest for commercial activities in the deep sea and hence, increased environmental research, this work is a first attempt for the implementation of LCA methods to deep-sea products.

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Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o fenômeno da epidemia de uso de drogas psiquiátricas a partir da perspectiva do consumo cada vez mais disseminado e sua relação com a criação de subjetividades sociais que se constituem pela medicalização. Foram considerados dois diferentes contextos de uso que não necessariamente estão vinculados a diagnósticos. Em uma extremidade do fenômeno, identifica-se o consumo voltado para melhoria de desempenho em atividades competitivas de mercado, utilizando drogas como metilfenidato com a perspectiva de ultrapassar o desenvolvimento usual das práticas sociais e produtivas. Em outra extremidade, populações vulnerabilizadas que utilizam os psicotrópicos com o intuito de suportar experiências cotidianas de sofrimento que seriam intoleráveis de outra forma. A análise, apresentada na forma de ensaio, indicou um processo de uso acentuado de drogas psiquiátricas relacionado aos ideais de produtividade e desempenho ditados pelo padrão normativo da subjetividade neoliberal, o qual atinge particularmente as mulheres.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la epidemia del consumo de drogas psiquiátricas desde la perspectiva de un consumo cada vez más extendido y su relación con la creación de subjetividades sociales que están constituidas por la medicalización. Se consideraron dos contextos de uso diferentes, que no están necesariamente vinculados a los diagnósticos. En un extremo del fenómeno, se identifica el consumo orientado a mejorar el desempeño en actividades competitivas de mercado, utilizando drogas como el metilfenidato con la perspectiva de ir más allá del desarrollo habitual de prácticas sociales y productivas. En el otro extremo, poblaciones vulnerables que consumen psicofármacos para sustentar las vivencias cotidianas de sufrimiento que de otro modo serían intolerables. El análisis, presentado en forma de ensayo, indicó un proceso de uso acentuado de drogas psiquiátricas relacionado con los ideales de productividad y desempeño dictados por el patrón normativo de la subjetividad neoliberal, que afecta particularmente a las mujeres.

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of the epidemic of psychiatric drug use from the perspective of increasingly widespread consumption and its relationship with the creation of social subjectivities that are constituted by medicalization. Two different contexts of use which are not necessarily linked to diagnoses were considered. At one end of the phenomenon, consumption aimed at improving performance in competitive market activities is identified, with drugs such as methylphenidate being used with the perspective of going beyond the usual development of social and productive practices. At the other end, there are vulnerable populations that use psychotropic drugs in order to support everyday experiences of suffering that would otherwise be intolerable. The analysis, presented in the form of an essay, indicated a process of accentuated use of psychiatric drugs related to the ideals of productivity and performance dictated by the normative pattern of neoliberal subjectivity, which particularly affects women.

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The increase in environmental problems in recent decades has required the evolution of the tools used to mitigate environmental impacts, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of LCA in Brazilian companies. Data collection involved a questionnaire administrated to companies addressing attitudes related to environmental management, enabling the following three classifications: (1) Does not use Life Cycle Thinking (LCT), (2) Uses LCT and (3) Uses LCA. The results were categorized and submitted to both descriptive and multivariate analyses. Most companies investigated do not yet use LCA. The main obstacles were difficulties involved in implementing LCA, the lack of an external demand, a lack of available background data and difficulty applying the results to the environmental improvement of products. In contrast, the main reasons that led companies to use LCA were the possibility of reducing environmental impact, achieving improvements in the production process, the creation of a differentiated product for the market and the improvement of environmental management. The findings underscore the need for greater governmental support with regard to environmental labeling (mainly type III) and greater dissemination of information on LCA within industries, since the lack of knowledge of the tool is perceived as one of the greatest obstacles. This research is pioneering in Brazil. Further studies should identify the evolution in LCA use in Brazilian companies, which should reflect an improvement in environmental management on the national level.

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Neste artigo pretendemos pensar acerca das articulações da noção de "ideologia de gênero", em especial a partir de conteúdos publicados em redes sociais, em páginas como a do "Escola sem Partido" e em outras com propostas semelhantes. Buscaremos analisar a questão das notificações extrajudiciais que vêm sendo utilizadas como instrumento de intimidação de profissionais da escola e estão pautadas em um debate contrário a discussão de certas temáticas na escola, com especial ênfase ao gênero e as sexualidades.

In this article we intend to think about the articulations of the notion of "gender ideology", especially from contents published in social networks, in pages like the "School without Party" and others with similar proposals. We will seek to analyze the issue of extrajudicial notices that have been used as a tool to intimidate school professionals and are based on a debate contrary to the discussion of certain themes in school, with special emphasis on gender and sexualities.

En este artículo pretendemos pensar acerca de las articulaciones de la noción de "ideología de género", en especial a partir de contenidos publicados en redes sociales, en páginas como la de la "Escuela sin Partido" y en otras con propuestas similares. Se buscará analizar la cuestión de las notificaciones extrajudiciales que vienen siendo utilizadas como instrumento de intimidación de profesionales de la escuela y están pautadas en un debate contrario a la discusión de ciertas temáticas en la escuela, con especial énfasis en el género y las sexualidades.

Cet article cherche à réfléchir à propos des articulations de la notion d'idéologie de genre, en particulier à partir des contenus publiés sur les réseaux sociaux, sur des pages comme celles de « l'École sans parti ¼ et d'autres qui ont des propositions similaires. On cherchera à analyser la question des notifications par acte extrajudiciaire qui sont, ces derniers temps, utilisées comme des instruments d'intimidation contre des professionnels de l'éducation. Ces notifications sont à l'ordre du jour d'un débat qui s'oppose à la discussion de certaines thématiques à l'école, avec un accent particulier sur le genre et les sexualités.

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Ludwig Binswanger compreendeu que era necessário reestruturar o método de investigação e abordagem dos fenômenos psicóticos, pelo afastamento da ontologia cartesiana do sujeito e do objeto, o qual pressupunha o dualismo e o solipsismo da consciência, para fundar uma abordagem intersubjetiva da psiquiatria. O objetivo desta pesquisa é justamente examinar esse percurso fenomenológico da Daseinsanalyse psiquiátrica de Ludwig Binswanger, no que se refere ao cumprimento daquilo para o qual ela própria se propôs, por meio da assimilação da investigação transcendental no campo das psicoses.

Ludwig Binswanger understood that it was necessary to restructure the investigation method and the approach to psychotic phenomena, by detaching the Cartesian ontology from subject and object, which presumed the duality and the solipsism of consciousness in order to create an inter-subjective approach to psychiatry. The aim of this research is precisely to examine this phenomenological path of Ludwig Binswanger's psychiatric Daseinsanalyse, regarding the accomplishment of what it has proposed, by means of assimilating the transcendental investigation in the field of psychoses.

Ludwig Binswanger a compris qu'il fallait restructurer la méthode de recherche et l'approche des phénomènes psychotiques en supprimant l'ontologie cartésienne et du sujet et de l'objet, ce qui suppose le dualisme et le solipsisme de la conscience, pour établir une approche intersubjective de la psychiatrie. Le but de cette recherche est d'examiner précisément le parcours phénoménologique de la Daseinsanalyse psychiatrique de Ludwig Binswanger, plus précisément en ce qui concerne l'accomplissement de ce qu'elle propose, par l'assimilation de la recherche transcendantale dans le domaine des psychoses.

Ludwig Binswanger entendió que era necesario reestructurar el método de investigación y de abordaje de los fenómenos psicóticos, a través del distanciamiento de la ontología cartesiana, del sujeto y el objeto, lo que suponía el dualismo y el solipsismo de la conciencia, para crear un abordaje intersubjetivo de la psiquiatría. El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el curso fenomenológico del Daseinsanalyse psiquiátrico, de Ludwig Binswanger, en lo que se refiere al cumplimiento de aquello para lo cual se propuso, a través de la asimilación de la investigación trascendental en el campo de las psicosis.

Ludwig Binswanger verstand es, dass die Restrukturierung der Erforschungs- und Erörterungsmethode der psychotischen Phänomene notwendig war, durch die Entfernung der kartesianischen Ontologie des Subjektes und des Objektes, die den Dualismus und den Solipsismus des Gewissens voraussetzten, um einen intersubjektiven Ansatz der Psychiatrie zu gründen. Das Ziel dieser Forschung ist gerade diesen phänomenologischen Verlauf der psychiatrischen Daseinsanalyse von Ludwig Binswanger zu untersuchen, in Bezug auf die erfüllung dessen was sie sich selbst vorgenommen hat, durch die Assimilation der transzendentalen Untersuchung im Bereich de Psychosen.

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PURPOSE: Elementary flows are essential components of data used for life cycle assessment. A standard list is not used across all sources, as data providers now manage these flows independently. Elementary flows must be consistent across a life cycle inventory for accurate inventory analysis and must correspond with impact methods for impact assessment. With the goal of achieving a global network of LCA databases, a critical review of elementary flow usage and management in LCA data sources was performed. METHODS: Flows were collected in a standard template from various life cycle inventory, impact method, and software sources. A typology of elementary flows was created to identify flows by types such as chemicals, minerals, land flows, etc. to facilitate differential analysis. Twelve criteria were defined to evaluate flows against principles of clarity, consistency, extensibility, translatability, and uniqueness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Over 134,000 elementary flows from five LCI databases, three LCIA methods, and four LCA software tools were collected and evaluated from European, North American, and Asian Pacific LCA sources. The vast majority were typed as "Element or Compound" or "Group of Chemicals" with less than 10% coming from the other seven types Many lack important identifying information including context information (environmental compartments), directionality (LCIA methods generally do not provide this information), additional clarifiers such as CAS numbers and synonyms, unique identifiers (like UUIDs), and supporting metadata. Extensibility of flows is poor because patterns in flow naming are generally complex and inconsistent because user defined nomenclature is used. CONCLUSIONS: The current shortcomings in flow clarity, consistency, and extensibility are likely to make it more challenging for users to properly select and use elementary flows when creating LCA data and make translation/conversion between different reference lists challenging and loss of information will likely occur. RECOMMENDATIONS: We recommend the application of a typology to flow lists, use of unique identifiers and inclusion of clarifiers based on external references, setting an exclusive or inclusive nomenclature for flow context information that includes directionality and environmental compartment information, separating flowable names from context and unit information, linking inclusive taxonomies to create limited patterns for flowable names, and using an encoding schema that will prevent technical translation errors.

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O problema da intersubjetividade e o esforço em solucioná-lo estão presentes ao longo de toda a obra de Merleau-Ponty, porém de modo diferente em cada fase de seu pensamento. Enquanto suas primeiras obras introduzem a questão pela reinstauração do valor simbólico ao sensível e ao corpo, seus últimos trabalhos aprofundam a tese a respeito da camada pré-objetiva que servirá como fundamentação para explicar a possibilidade da relação intersubjetiva. Levando em consideração as características peculiares de cada momento filosófico, nota-se que a experiência e o reconhecimento do outro são abordados de forma cada vez mais complexa, con¬forme o autor percebe a necessidade de um recuo mais acentuado à carnalidade do mundo. Visa-se, portanto, percorrer o itinerário investigativo correspondente aos momentos distintos de sua filosofia da intersubjetividade, a fim de evidenciar sua contribuição para pensar o outro na prática clínica.(AU)

The problem of intersubjectivity and effort into solveing it are present throughout the work ofMerleau-Ponty, but differently in each phase of his thought. While his early work by introducingthe issue of the reinstatement of the significant and symbolic value to the sensitive and the body,his last works deepen their past work on the thesis onof the pre-objective layer that willto serveas a basis tofor explaining the possibility of intersubjective relationship. Taking into account theunique characteristics of each philosophical point moment, it is noted that the experience andrecognition of the others are addressed in an increasingly complex ways, as thise author sees theneed for a more pronounced retreat to the carnalityfall into the flesh of the world. Therefore, theaim is to, therefore, go through the investigative path corresponding to different moments of hisphilosophy of intersubjectivity in order to highlight their contribution to thinking about the otherin clinical practice.(AU)

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El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno, localmente invasivo y recidivante, que constituye aproximadamente el 11% de los tumores odontogénicos. Estos tumores ocurren más frecuentemente en la mandíbula. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza generalmente por presentar deformaciones faciales, crecimiento lento y asintomático. El tratamiento depende del tipo, la localización y el tamaño del tumor, así como de la edad del paciente. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio retrospectivo de los casos diagnosticados de ameloblastomas en los datos existentes de los archivos del Departamento de Patología Oral de la Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se analizaron los archivos de pacientes en el periodo de enero de 1978 a marzo de 2012, con un diagnóstico definitivo de ameloblastoma. Método. Fueron analizadas las informaciones con respecto a sexo, raza, edad del paciente, presencia de síntomas, aspecto radiográfico del tumor, diagnóstico histopatológico y ubicación anatómica. Resultados. Dentro de los 48 pacientes con ameloblastoma se observó mayor incidencia en la mandíbula en la zona del cuerpo y ángulo (45,8%), que afecta por igual a hombres y mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 36 años y en su gran mayoría se mostraron asintomáticos (81,2%). El tipo más frecuente fue el multiquístico (66,7%), seguido por el uniquístico (31,2%) y el periférico (2,1%). La mayoría de lesiones fueron observadas en la raza blanca (56,3%) y radiográficamente se mostró más frecuente la imagen multilocular (60,4%). Conclusión. Los datos de los ameloblastomas reportados en este estudio fueron similares a los de otras series publicadas en la literatura médica (AU)

Ameloblastoma is a benign, locally invasive and recurrent, odontogenic tumor, which accounts for about 11% of odontogenic tumors. These tumors occur more frequently in the mandible. The clinical picture presented is generally characterized by slow growing and asymptomatic facial deformities. Treatment depends on the type, location and size of the tumor, as well as the age of the patient. The aim of this paper is to present a retrospective study of diagnosed cases of ameloblastoma in existing data files of the Department of Oral Pathology Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data was collected from the files of patients with a definitive diagnosis of ameloblastoma during the period January 1978 to February 2012. Method: An analysis was made of the data, including sex, race, patient age, symptoms, radiographic appearance of the tumor, the histopathological diagnosis and anatomic location. Results: Of the 48 patients with ameloblastoma there was an increased incidence in the jaw and the angle (45.8%). It affected both men and women, with a mean age of 36 years, and the large majority were asymptomatic (81.2%). The most frequent histological type was multicystic (66.7%), followed by unicystic (31.2%), and peripheral (2.1%). Most lesions were observed in white people (56.3%) and radiographically, it was more often a multilocular image (60.4%). Conclusion: The data reported in this study of ameloblastomas were similar to other series reported in the medical literature (AU)

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool to assess the environmental sustainability of a product; it quantifies the environmental impact of a product's life cycle. In conventional LCAs, the boundaries of a product's life cycle are limited to the human/industrial system, the technosphere. Ecosystems, which provide resources to and take up emissions from the technosphere, are not included in those boundaries. However, similar to the technosphere, ecosystems also have an impact on their (surrounding) environment through their resource usage (e.g., nutrients) and emissions (e.g., CH4). We therefore propose a LCA framework to assess the impact of integrated Techno-Ecological Systems (TES), comprising relevant ecosystems and the technosphere. In our framework, ecosystems are accounted for in the same manner as technosphere compartments. Also, the remediating effect of uptake of pollutants, an ecosystem service, is considered. A case study was performed on a TES of sawn timber production encompassing wood growth in an intensively managed forest ecosystem and further industrial processing. Results show that the managed forest accounted for almost all resource usage and biodiversity loss through land occupation but also for a remediating effect on human health, mostly via capture of airborne fine particles. These findings illustrate the potential relevance of including ecosystems in the product's life cycle of a LCA, though further research is needed to better quantify the environmental impact of TES.

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The establishment of rules to manage Health Care Waste (HCW) is a challenge for the public sector. Regulatory agencies must ensure the safety of waste management alternatives for two very different profiles of generators: (1) hospitals, which concentrate the production of HCW and (2) small establishments, such as clinics, pharmacies and other sources, that generate dispersed quantities of HCW and are scattered throughout the city. To assist in developing sector regulations for the small generators, we evaluated three management scenarios using decision-making tools. They consisted of a disinfection technique (microwave, autoclave and lime) followed by landfilling, where transportation was also included. The microwave, autoclave and lime techniques were tested at the laboratory to establish the operating parameters to ensure their efficiency in disinfection. Using a life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost analysis, the decision-making tools aimed to determine the technique with the best environmental performance. This consisted of evaluating the eco-efficiency of each scenario. Based on the life cycle assessment, microwaving had the lowest environmental impact (12.64 Pt) followed by autoclaving (48.46 Pt). The cost analyses indicated values of US$0.12 kg(-1) for the waste treated with microwaves, US$1.10 kg(-1) for the waste treated by the autoclave and US$1.53 kg(-1) for the waste treated with lime. The microwave disinfection presented the best eco-efficiency performance among those studied and provided a feasible alternative to subsidize the formulation of the policy for small generators of HCW.

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Oysters represent a substantial fraction of the world's overall intensive aquaculture production. In Brazil, oyster aquaculture is still in the deployment phase but has the potential for growth and, likewise other aquaculture products, generate environmental impacts over their life cycle. Special attention should be devoted to the disposal or processing of the oyster shells, whose high calcium carbonate content (80-95%) gives them the potential for use as raw material for several other products. The objective of this study was to conduct a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of 1 kg of oysters produced in southern Brazil, incorporating the recycling of the oyster shells on the LCA. Two scenarios were considered. The first scenario (termed scenario A) assumed that the oyster shells were deposited in a landfill, whereas the second scenario (scenario B) assumed that the shells were processed to make them available as raw material as a source of CaCO(3). We used Eco-indicator 99 H/A to perform the impact assessment. Scenario A had an overall impact of 93.71 mPt, whereas scenario B had an overall impact of 58.97 mPt. The latter scenario had lower environmental impacts, however they were depended strongly on the distance between the source of the shells (restaurant) and the shell-processing facility. This distance must not be greater than 323 km to yield overall environmental benefits. Moreover, it is hypothesized that the environmental benefits would be even higher than predicted because there is no evidence that all post-consumer shell residues would receive proper waste management, as assumed for scenario A (landfill).

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El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno, localmente invasivo y recidivante, que constituye aproximadamente el 10% de los tumores odontogénicos. Estos tumores ocurren más frecuentemente en la mandíbula. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza generalmente por presentar deformaciones faciales, crecimiento lento y asintomático. El tratamiento depende del tipo, la localización y el tamaño del tumor, así como de la edad del paciente. En este artículo se presenta un caso de ameloblastoma multiquístico en la mandíbula, que implica a una paciente del sexo femenino de 57 años, en el cual se discuten los aspectos diagnósticos e histopatológicos, así como el tratamiento menos invasivo empleado en el caso(AU)

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, locally invasive and recurrent, representing approximately 10% of odontogenic tumors. The majority of cases occur in the mandible with slow and asymptomatic growth that can lead to facial deformities. The treatment of choice is based upon on the type, location and size of the tumor, as well as the age of the patient. A case of multicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible affecting a 57 years old female patient is presented discussing the diagnostic, histological, and less invasive treatment used in the case(AU)

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El carcinoma escamocelular es la neoplasia maligna más común en la cavidad bucal. Los sitios anatómicos más frecuentemente afectados son el labio inferior, los bordes laterales de lengua y el suelo de la boca. Su etiología es multifactorial, aunque está íntimamente relacionada con factores ambientales como el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo. El cuadro clínico se caracteriza generalmente por la presencia de placas blancas, placas eritematosas, placas entre eritematosas y blancas, úlceras de bordes levantados y masas exofíticas. El tratamiento consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica, la radioterapia, quimioterapia o ambos tratamientos. Este artículo presenta un caso de carcinoma escamocelular bucal en un paciente del sexo masculino, de 70 años de edad. En el mismo se describen los hallazgos clínicos, histopatológicos y el tratamiento correspondiente del caso. El diagnóstico precoz y correcto posibilitó la cura en este caso(AU)

The squamocellular carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm commonest in the buccal cavity. The more frequently involved anatomical sites are the lower lip, the tongue's lateral edges and the mouth floor. Its etiology is multifactor although it is closely related to smoking and alcoholism. Clinical picture is generally characterized by the presence of different types of white, erythematous, between erythematous and white plaques, ulcers with raised edges and exophytic masses. Treatment includes surgical removal, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both. In present paper the case of a man aged 70 presenting with buccal squamous carcinoma describing the clinical, and the histopathologic findings and its corresponding treatment. The early and appropriate diagnosis allowed the cure of this case(AU)

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A pigmentação melânica gengival fisiológica, também chamada de melanose racial, é uma condição bastante frequente e fisiológica que se caracteriza pelo depósito excessivo de melanina nas camadas basais e suprabasais do epitélio, causando manchas escurecidas que acometem especialmente a gengiva. Essa condição pode comprometer a estética bucal, causando problemas psicossociais, principalmente se o paciente possuir sorriso gengival. Essas manchas podem ser removidas através de procedimentos clínicos que incluem as técnicas de crioterapia, enxerto gengival livre, terapia com laser e uso de instrumentos manuais cortantes. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de despigmentação melânica por procedimento cirúrgico, a partir de duas técnicas cirúrgicas distintas. Para isso, foram utilizados dois instrumentos manuais, sendo um o bisturi de Kirkland, e outro, o bisturi de BardûParker no 3 com lâmina 15, e os resultados mostraram que ambas as técnicas são eficientes e satisfatórias para remoção da pigmentação melânica gengival fisiológica.

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