RESUMEN

Water magnetization and geoprocessing are increasingly utilized tools in weed management. Our objective was to study the influence of water magnetization on herbicide efficiency and to verify whether there is a relationship between control scores and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the laboratory experiment, water was subjected to magnetization and evaluated with respect to four characteristics. In the field experiment, plots of Brachiaria grass were subjected to treatments in a factorial scheme (6 × 2 + 1). Six herbicidal factors (doses of glyphosate and glyphosate + 2,4-D) and the magnetization or absence of magnetization of the spray solution were evaluated and compared against the control treatment (without spraying). Weed control assessments were carried out six times. Images were obtained using an embedded multispectral camera to determine the NDVI values. Data related to water characteristics were analyzed using the t test. Weed control and NDVI data were subjected to analysis of variance and are presented in regression graphs. Dispersion analysis of NDVI data was performed according to the control scores. The magnetization process decreased the pH of the water and increased the surface tension, but it did not influence the control scores or the NDVI. As the glyphosate dose was increased, the control scores were higher and the NDVI values were lower. Magnetized water did not affect the biological efficiency of the herbicides, and there was a strong correlation between the control scores and the NDVI values.

A magnetização da água e o geoprocessamento são ferramentas cada vez mais utilizadas no manejo de ervas daninhas. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da magnetização da água na eficiência do herbicida e verificar se existe uma relação entre os escores de controle e o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI). No experimento de laboratório, a água foi submetida à magnetização e avaliada em relação a quatro características. No experimento de campo, parcelas de capim-braquiária foram submetidas a tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 1). Seis fatores herbicidas (doses de glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D) e a magnetização ou ausência de magnetização da calda foram avaliados e comparados com o tratamento controle (sem pulverização). Avaliações de controle de plantas daninhas foram realizadas seis vezes. As imagens foram obtidas usando uma câmera multiespectral incorporada para determinar os valores de NDVI. Os dados relacionados às características da água foram analisados por meio do teste t. O controle de plantas daninhas e os dados de NDVI foram submetidos à análise de variância e são apresentados em gráficos de regressão. A análise de dispersão dos dados NDVI foi realizada de acordo com os escores de controle. O processo de magnetização diminuiu o pH da água e aumentou a tensão superficial, mas não influenciou nos escores de controle ou no NDVI. Conforme a dose de glyphosate foi aumentada, os escores de controle foram maiores e os valores de NDVI foram menores. A água magnetizada não afetou a eficiência biológica dos herbicidas, e houve uma forte correlação entre os escores de controle e os valores de NDVI.

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Abstract Water magnetization and geoprocessing are increasingly utilized tools in weed management. Our objective was to study the influence of water magnetization on herbicide efficiency and to verify whether there is a relationship between control scores and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the laboratory experiment, water was subjected to magnetization and evaluated with respect to four characteristics. In the field experiment, plots of Brachiaria grass were subjected to treatments in a factorial scheme (6 × 2 + 1). Six herbicidal factors (doses of glyphosate and glyphosate + 2,4-D) and the magnetization or absence of magnetization of the spray solution were evaluated and compared against the control treatment (without spraying). Weed control assessments were carried out six times. Images were obtained using an embedded multispectral camera to determine the NDVI values. Data related to water characteristics were analyzed using the t test. Weed control and NDVI data were subjected to analysis of variance and are presented in regression graphs. Dispersion analysis of NDVI data was performed according to the control scores. The magnetization process decreased the pH of the water and increased the surface tension, but it did not influence the control scores or the NDVI. As the glyphosate dose was increased, the control scores were higher and the NDVI values were lower. Magnetized water did not affect the biological efficiency of the herbicides, and there was a strong correlation between the control scores and the NDVI values.

Resumo A magnetização da água e o geoprocessamento são ferramentas cada vez mais utilizadas no manejo de ervas daninhas. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da magnetização da água na eficiência do herbicida e verificar se existe uma relação entre os escores de controle e o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI). No experimento de laboratório, a água foi submetida à magnetização e avaliada em relação a quatro características. No experimento de campo, parcelas de capim-braquiária foram submetidas a tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 1). Seis fatores herbicidas (doses de glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D) e a magnetização ou ausência de magnetização da calda foram avaliados e comparados com o tratamento controle (sem pulverização). Avaliações de controle de plantas daninhas foram realizadas seis vezes. As imagens foram obtidas usando uma câmera multiespectral incorporada para determinar os valores de NDVI. Os dados relacionados às características da água foram analisados por meio do teste t. O controle de plantas daninhas e os dados de NDVI foram submetidos à análise de variância e são apresentados em gráficos de regressão. A análise de dispersão dos dados NDVI foi realizada de acordo com os escores de controle. O processo de magnetização diminuiu o pH da água e aumentou a tensão superficial, mas não influenciou nos escores de controle ou no NDVI. Conforme a dose de glyphosate foi aumentada, os escores de controle foram maiores e os valores de NDVI foram menores. A água magnetizada não afetou a eficiência biológica dos herbicidas, e houve uma forte correlação entre os escores de controle e os valores de NDVI.

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Abstract Water magnetization and geoprocessing are increasingly utilized tools in weed management. Our objective was to study the influence of water magnetization on herbicide efficiency and to verify whether there is a relationship between control scores and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the laboratory experiment, water was subjected to magnetization and evaluated with respect to four characteristics. In the field experiment, plots of Brachiaria grass were subjected to treatments in a factorial scheme (6 × 2 + 1). Six herbicidal factors (doses of glyphosate and glyphosate + 2,4-D) and the magnetization or absence of magnetization of the spray solution were evaluated and compared against the control treatment (without spraying). Weed control assessments were carried out six times. Images were obtained using an embedded multispectral camera to determine the NDVI values. Data related to water characteristics were analyzed using the t test. Weed control and NDVI data were subjected to analysis of variance and are presented in regression graphs. Dispersion analysis of NDVI data was performed according to the control scores. The magnetization process decreased the pH of the water and increased the surface tension, but it did not influence the control scores or the NDVI. As the glyphosate dose was increased, the control scores were higher and the NDVI values were lower. Magnetized water did not affect the biological efficiency of the herbicides, and there was a strong correlation between the control scores and the NDVI values.

Resumo A magnetização da água e o geoprocessamento são ferramentas cada vez mais utilizadas no manejo de ervas daninhas. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da magnetização da água na eficiência do herbicida e verificar se existe uma relação entre os escores de controle e o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI). No experimento de laboratório, a água foi submetida à magnetização e avaliada em relação a quatro características. No experimento de campo, parcelas de capim-braquiária foram submetidas a tratamentos em esquema fatorial (6 × 2 + 1). Seis fatores herbicidas (doses de glyphosate e glyphosate + 2,4-D) e a magnetização ou ausência de magnetização da calda foram avaliados e comparados com o tratamento controle (sem pulverização). Avaliações de controle de plantas daninhas foram realizadas seis vezes. As imagens foram obtidas usando uma câmera multiespectral incorporada para determinar os valores de NDVI. Os dados relacionados às características da água foram analisados ​​por meio do teste t. O controle de plantas daninhas e os dados de NDVI foram submetidos à análise de variância e são apresentados em gráficos de regressão. A análise de dispersão dos dados NDVI foi realizada de acordo com os escores de controle. O processo de magnetização diminuiu o pH da água e aumentou a tensão superficial, mas não influenciou nos escores de controle ou no NDVI. Conforme a dose de glyphosate foi aumentada, os escores de controle foram maiores e os valores de NDVI foram menores. A água magnetizada não afetou a eficiência biológica dos herbicidas, e houve uma forte correlação entre os escores de controle e os valores de NDVI.

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Water magnetization and geoprocessing are increasingly utilized tools in weed management. Our objective was to study the influence of water magnetization on herbicide efficiency and to verify whether there is a relationship between control scores and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). In the laboratory experiment, water was subjected to magnetization and evaluated with respect to four characteristics. In the field experiment, plots of Brachiaria grass were subjected to treatments in a factorial scheme (6 × 2 + 1). Six herbicidal factors (doses of glyphosate and glyphosate + 2,4-D) and the magnetization or absence of magnetization of the spray solution were evaluated and compared against the control treatment (without spraying). Weed control assessments were carried out six times. Images were obtained using an embedded multispectral camera to determine the NDVI values. Data related to water characteristics were analyzed using the t test. Weed control and NDVI data were subjected to analysis of variance and are presented in regression graphs. Dispersion analysis of NDVI data was performed according to the control scores. The magnetization process decreased the pH of the water and increased the surface tension, but it did not influence the control scores or the NDVI. As the glyphosate dose was increased, the control scores were higher and the NDVI values were lower. Magnetized water did not affect the biological efficiency of the herbicides, and there was a strong correlation between the control scores and the NDVI values.

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Herpesviruses have been associated with various human malignancies and with thyroid autoimmunity. Aiming to investigate the presence of these viruses in thyroid nodules, we analyzed serum and thyroid tissue from 183 patients (83 benign and 100 malignant thyroid nodules). We also obtained 104 normal thyroid tissues extracted from the contralateral lobe of these patients. We used ELISA to screen the serology of all patients and a real-time quantitative PCR to analyze thyroid tissue viral load in antibody-positive patients. In addition, the presence of herpesviruses was tested by histological analysis in 20 EBV-positive tissues using the expression of LMP-1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and EBER by in situ hybridization (ISH). There was no evidence of HSV-2 or CMV DNA, but we found EBV DNA sequences in 29 (16%) thyroid tissue samples. We also found 7 positive EBV cases out of 104 normal tissues. Viral load was higher in tumors than in their respective normal tissues (p = 0.0002). ISH analysis revealed EBER expression in 11 out of 20 (52%) EBV-positive tissues, mostly in malignant cases (8/11, 73%). The presence of high EBV copy numbers in thyroid tumors and the expression of EBER only in malignant cases suggest an association between EBV and thyroid malignancies. However, we did not find any association between the presence of EBV and/or its viral load and any clinical or pathological tumor feature. Further studies aiming to clarify the mechanisms of EBV infection in thyroid cells are necessary to support a possible role in the development of thyroid cancer.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a 12 week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study with 41 adolescents with Down syndrome, aged 15.5±2.7 years, divided into three groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=16), Resisted Training Group (RTG; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=10). There were two types of training: aerobic, with intensity of 50-70% of the heart rate reserve 3 times/week, and resisted, with intensity of 12 maximum repetitions 2 times week. Both trainings were applied during a 12-week period. The percentage of fat evaluation was performed using plethysmography with Bod Pod® equipment. Waist circumference (WC), body weight and height were also measured. Paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the exercise program. RESULTS: The percentage of body fat did not change significantly for both groups that participated in the training intervention. However, CG showed a significant increase in this variable (31.3±7.2 versus 34.0±7.9). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and WC were significantly reduced for ATG (BMI: 27.0±4.4 and 26.5±4.2; WC: 87.3±11.1 and 86.2±9.7), while RTG and GC showed no differences in these variables. CONCLUSIONS: The aerobic and resisted training programs maintained body fat levels. ATG significantly reduced BMI and WC measures. Individuals who did not attend the training intervention increased their percentage of fat.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of a 12 week aerobic and resistance exercise on body composition of adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 41 adolescents with Down syndrome, aged 15.5±2.7 years, divided into three groups: Aerobic Training Group (ATG; n=16), Resisted Training Group (RTG; n=15) and Control Group (CG; n=10). There were two types of training: aerobic, with intensity of 50-70% of the heart rate reserve 3 times/week, and resisted, with intensity of 12 maximum repetitions 2 times week. Both trainings were applied during a 12-week period. The percentage of fat evaluation was performed using plethysmography with Bod Pod(r) equipment. Waist circumference (WC), body weight and height were also measured. Paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after the exercise program. Results: The percentage of body fat did not change significantly for both groups that participated in the training intervention. However, CG showed a significant increase in this variable (31.3±7.2 versus 34.0±7.9). On the other hand, body mass index (BMI) and WC were significantly reduced for ATG (BMI: 27.0±4.4 and 26.5±4.2; WC: 87.3±11.1 and 86.2±9.7), while RTG and GC showed no differences in these variables. Conclusions: The aerobic and resisted training programs maintained body fat levels. ATG significantly reduced BMI and WC measures. Individuals who did not attend the training intervention increased their percentage of fat. .

Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico y resistido en la composición corporal de adolescentes con síndrome de Down. Métodos : Estudio casi experimental con 41 adolescentes con síndrome de Down, con edades de 15,7±2,7 años, divididos en tres grupos: Grupo Entrenamiento Aeróbico (GEA; n=16), Grupo Entrenamiento Resistido (GER; n=15) y Grupo Control (GC; n=10). Se realizaron dos tipos de entrenamiento: el aeróbico, con intensidad de 50 a 70% de la frecuencia cardiaca de reserva, y el resistido, con intensidad de 12 repeticiones máximas. La evaluación del porcentaje de grasa se realizó por pletismografía con equipo Bod Pod(r). Se midieron además las variables antropométricas de circunferencia abdominal (CA), masa corporal y estatura. Los datos fueron inicialmente tratados por estadística descriptiva, utilizando la prueba de t pareada para la comparación de las variables analizadas. Resultados : El porcentaje de grasa corporal no se alteró en los grupos que participaron del entrenamiento; sin embargo, el GC presentó aumento significativo de esa variable (31,3±7,2 versus 34,0±7,9). Por otra parte, la CA y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) se redujeron de manera significante para el GEA (IMC: 27,0±4,4 y 26,5±4,2; CA: 87,3±11,1 y 86,2±9,7), mientras que el GER y el GC no presentaron diferencias en esas variables. Conclusiones : Los programas de entrenamiento aeróbico y resistido mantuvieron los niveles de grasa corporal y el GEA redujo de modo significativo las medidas de IMC y de CA. Los individuos que no participaron del entrenamiento tuvieron su porcentaje de grasa aumentada. .

Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio e resistido por 12 semanas na composição corporal de adolescentes com síndrome de Down. Métodos: Estudo quase experimental com 41 adolescentes com síndrome de Down, com idades de 15,7±2,7 anos, divididos em três grupos: Grupo Treinamento Aeróbio (GTA; n=16), Grupo Treinamento Resistido (GTR; n=15) e Grupo Controle (GC; n=10). Realizaram-se dois tipos de treinamento: o aeróbio, com intensidade de 50 a 70% da frequência cardíaca de reserva 3 vezes/semana, e o resistido, com intensidade de 12 repetições máximas 2 vezes/semana. Ambos os treinamentos foram realizados por 12 semanas. A avaliação da porcentagem de gordura foi realizada por pletismografia com o equimento Bod Pod(r). Mensuraram-se ainda as variáveis antropométricas de circunferência abdominal (CA), massa corporal e estatura. Aplicou-se o teste t pareado para a comparação das variáveis analisadas antes e após o treinamento. Resultados: A porcentagem de gordura corporal não se alterou nos grupos que participaram do treinamento; entretanto, o GC apresentou aumento significativo dessa variável (31,3±7,2 versus 34,0±7,9). Por outro lado, a CA e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) reduziram-se de forma significante para o GTA (IMC: 27,0±4,4 e 26,5±4,2; CA: 87,3±11,1 e 86,2±9,7), enquanto que o GTR e o GC não apresentaram diferenças nessas variáveis. Conclusões: Os programas de treinamento aeróbio e resistido mantiveram os níveis de gordura corporal e o GTA reduziu de forma significativa as medidas de IMC e de CA. Os indivíduos que não participaram do treinamento tiveram sua porcentagem de gordura aumentada. .

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Avaliou-se o crescimento, a produção e o teor do óleo essencial de dois cortes de capim citronela em cultivo consorciado com algodoeiro colorido no semiárido. Para isso foram utilizados dois sistemas de consórcios (tratamentos): algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 3x1 e algodão colorido consorciado com capim citronela 1x1. A variedade de algodão colorido utilizada foi a BRS Rubi e as mudas de capim citronela foram produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos e 16 repetições. O experimento foi mantido em regime de sequeiro e foi avaliado a altura das plantas de capim citronela. Foram realizadas duas colheitas das folhas de capim citronela, sendo a primeira no momento da colheita da fibra do algodão e a segunda na rebrota do capim, seis meses após. Todas as plantas da parcela foram colhidas e as folhas frescas foram pesadas, no campo, com o auxílio de balança digital. Amostras das folhas colhidas foram retiradas e levadas para secagem em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 35ºC até atingirem massa constante. Foi verificada a massa seca e posteriormente realizada a extração do óleo essencial pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho modificado de Clevenger. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Skott-Knott (p<0,05). A altura das plantas não diferiu entre os tratamentos nas colheitas. Para a produção de massa fresca e seca houve diferença entre os tratamentos apenas na segunda colheita. Neste caso, as plantas cultivadas em consórcio 1x1 produziram mais do que as do consórcio 3x1. O teor de óleo essencial de capim citronela não variou entre os dois sistemas de consórcio, tanto no primeiro como no segundo corte.

The research was performed to evaluate the growth, production and essential oil content of the two harvests of citronella grass in intercropped with colored cotton in semiarid.For this, was used two system consortium (treatments): colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 3X1 and colored cotton intercropped with citronella grass 1X1. The variety of colored cotton used was BRS Rubi and the citronella grass seedlings were produced in the Medicinal Plants Garden of Unimontes. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two treatments and 16 repetitions. The experiment was maintained under rainfed conditions. Was evaluated plant height of citronella grass. Citronella grass leaves were harvested twice: the first was made at harvest of cotton fiber and the second in the grass regrowth, six months later. All plants in the plot were harvested and the fresh leaves were weighed, in the field, with the aid of a digital balance. Samples from leaves harvested were collected and taken for drying in an oven with forced air at 35ºC until reaching constant weight. Dry mass was verified and the performed the extraction of essential oil by hydrodestilation in Clevenger modified apparatus. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Skott-Knott test (p<0.05). The plants height did not differ between treatments in harvests. For the production of fresh and dry mass was significant difference between treatments only in the second harvest. In this case the plants cultivated in the consortium 1x1 produced more than in the consortium 3x1. The essential oil content of citronella grass did not vary between the two systems consortium, in the first and the second harvest.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do inseticida botânico nim em larvas de Ceratitis capitata, bem como no parasitismo destas larvas por Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Para tanto, larvas de 3o ínstar de C. capitata foram mergulhadas por 30 segundos em soluções contendo as concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 1,5% de um produto comercial à base de óleo de nim a 0,37% (3.686 ppm), além da testemunha mergulhada apenas em água destilada. Em seguida, as larvas foram expostas ao parasitismo de D. longicaudata por um período de 2 horas e 30 minutos. No experimento sem chance de escolha, para cada tratamento, uma única "unidade de parasitismo" foi pendurada no interior da gaiola. No experimento com livre escolha, as "unidades de parasitismo" foram penduradas no interior de uma mesma gaiola, de forma que os parasitoides tivessem livre acesso a todos os tratamentos. No experimento sem livre escolha, foi constatado que o aumento da concentração de nim diminuiu a atração das fêmeas, o número de fêmeas que efetuaram postura, o índice de parasitismo e a emergência dos parasitoides. No experimento com livre escolha, verificou-se que a emergência dos parasitoides e o índice de parasitismo também foram prejudicados nas maiores concentrações de nim. A ação isolada do nim, quando em contato com as larvas de 3o instar, não afetou a emergência de C. capitata.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the action of the botanic insecticide neem oil on larvae of Ceratitis capitata, as well as in the parasitism of these larvae by Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Third-instar larvae were immersed for 30 seconds in a neem solution, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% of a commercial product composed of 0.37% (3.686 ppm) neem oil, while the controls were immersed only in distilled water. Soon afterwards the larvae were exposed to parasitism of D. longicaudata for 2 hours and 30 minutes. In the no-choice experiment, for every treatment, a single "parasitism unit" was hung inside the cage. In the experiment with free choice, "parasitism units" were hung inside another cage, so that the parasitoids had free access to all treatments. In the no-choice experiment, it was ascertained that the increase of the neem oil concentration decreased the attraction of the females, the number of females that lay, the parasitism rate and parasitoid emergency. In the experiment with free choice, it was ascertained that the emergence of parasitoids and parasitism rate were harmed at the larger neem oil concentrations. The isolated action of neem oil, when in contact with the third-instar larvae, did not affect the emergence of C. capitata.

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Stress echocardiography is widely used in the investigation of coronary heart disease. Exercise stress echocardiography offers the advantage of visualizing myocardial motion abnormalities during physiological stress testing. The authors report the use of atropine, as an adjunct to exercise echocardiography, in risk stratification after myocardial infarction.

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Este sindrome fue descrito completamente por las personas que llevan su mismo nombre y lo llamaron displasia condroectodérnica. Previamente ya había sido descrito parcialmente en varios reportes y consiste principalmente de polidactilia post-axial de las manos y menos frecuentemente en pies: condrodisplasia de los huesos largos que produce un acortamiento acromesomélico de las extremidades, displasia ectodérmica que afecta uñas y dientes y con menos frecuencia malformaciones cardiacas congénitas. A continuación se describe el caso de una paciente que se presentó al Hospital Escuela y que murió a los cinco meses de edad quien presentaba características clínicas y radiológicas compatibles con este síndrome incluyendo una cardiopatía congénita compleja.

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Metabolic differences derived from social stress usually show data with high variance that may hinder the finding of important differences. Since such high variance may be caused by agonistic variability occurring during social interactions, this work tested whether metabolism is associated with agonistic profile in the cichlid fish Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Metabolism was inferred from oxygen consumption, resistance to progressive hypoxia and ventilatory rate. Fifteen pairs of alevins were used for each metabolic and behavioral series. An ethogram based on 8 types of agonistic interactions was employed. Agonistic profiles were determined and associated with the physiological parameters later on. The test of canonical correlation showed significant association between some agonistic profiles and metabolism. Ventral nipping and lateral fight appeared as the two most important in promoting association with metabolism.

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Extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum and Cajanus cajan have been used by Brazilian people in an attempt to produce abortion. In order to evaluate the possible abortive and/or teratogenic effect of these plant extracts, female Wistar rats were treated with the aqueous extract (infusion, proportion C. cajan and A. hispidum 1:1.3). Doses of 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg were daily administered by gavage during the organogenic period. The animals were sacrificed at term. There was no significant change in the mean weight of the fetuses, and no change in the percentage of post implantation loss in the treated groups. However, there was an increase in the number of external malformations, and this was related to dose. No internal malformations were observed in fetuses at term, but there was a significant incidence of fetuses with visceral anomalies. The tendency of the pregnancy to continue or terminate did not change with the treatment.

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1. Fourth-instar larvae of Rhynchosciara americana were injected with the insect molting hormone, ecdysterone, giving final hemolymph concentrations from 4.46 to 223 microM. 2. Induction of the DNA puff, B2b, in the proximal (S1) region of the salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana by 22.6 microM ecdysterone, was accompanied by the production of an mRNA and a polypeptide with the same characteristics as B2b products produced during normal development. This mRNA and polypeptide were restricted to the proximal region of the gland, as is the B2b puff. 3. Synthesis of other poly(A)+RNAs was also stimulated in S1 by ecdysterone, and other puffs that appear during normal development were induced. However, rRNA production in S1 goes through a pattern of inhibition, followed by recovery when B2b is puffed, and subsequent inhibition. 4. Low molecular weight RNA, with a peak in the region of 4S, is stimulated after ecdysterone administration.

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1. Fourth-instar larvae of Rhynchosciara americana were injected with the insect molting hormone, ecdysterone, giving final hemolymph concentrations from 4.46 to 223µM. 2. Induction of the DNA puff, B2b, in the proximal (S1) region of the salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana by 22.6 µM ecdyesterone, was accompanied by the production of an mRNA and a polypeptide with the same characteristics as B2b products produced during normal development. This mRNA and polypeptide were restricted to the proximal region of the gland, as is the B2b puff. 3. Synthesis of other poly (A) +RNAs was also stimulated in S1 by ecdysterone, and other puffs that appear during normal development were induced. However, rRNA production in S1 goes through a pattern of inhibition, followed by recovery when B2b is puffed, and subsequent inhibition. 4. Low molecular weight RNA, with a peak in the region of 4S, is stimulated after ecdysterone administration

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El estudio se realizó en el Hospital Central del I.H.S.S.y Hospital Materno Infantil se incluyeron 20 pacientes de edad pediátrica con infecciónes moderadas y severas, Tambien se incluyo un paciente con una infección deel S.N.C. Cefuroxine fue administrada a dosis de 250 mg/kg de peso en los pacientes con infección de SNC y dosis de 100 mg/km en los otros pacientes durante 7 a10 dias. la respuesta al tratamiento fue buena sin efectos colaterales. En los estudios de sensibilidad efectuados in vitro se encontro sensibilida diferentes tipos de organismos incluyendo gram positivos y gram negativos. El estudio demostro que la Cefuroxime es una droga muy importante en el tratamiento de infecciones debidas a Staphylococus,Streptococus y H. Influenzae. Palabras clave:Infecciones moderadas y severas.

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A retrospective study has been performed of all cases of gastric ulcer diagnosed or investigated within the Endoscopy Unit of the Department of Medicine, Bristol, over a three year period (1974-76). The average length of follow-up was two years. Two hundred and sixty five cases of gastric ulcer were studied of which 37 proved to be malignant (14%). Presenting complaints of anorexia, weight loss, nausea and/or vomiting, and multiple (greater than 3) symptoms, were commoner in the malignant ulcer group. Ulcer site and the presence of coexisting duodenal ulceration were largely unhelpful in deciding the status of an ulcer. Malignant ulcers tended to be large (greater than 1 cm diameter). Radiology was highly unreliable in distinguishing benign from malignant ulcers. Visual inspection at endoscopy was more reliable, but associated with a tendency to over-diagnose malignancy. False positive biopsies were uncommon (two cases). Three cases of clinically unsuspected superficial gastric carcinoma were revealed. Repeated endoscopy and biopsy of all gastric ulcers until they are completely healed is advised.

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