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Diversos estudios han relacionado el consumo de cocaína con alteraciones en las funciones ejecutivas. Objetivos: (1) evaluar las funciones ejecutivas; (2) analizar el patrón neuropsicológico y (3) detectar variables asociadas. El estudio se llevó a cabo con pacientes mayores de 18 años (N=25) que acudían al Centro de Atención y Seguimiento a las Drogodependencias (CAS-D) de Mataró (Barcelona). A todos los pacientes que presentaban una abstinencia mínima se les aplicó un protocolo de evaluación. Los resultados asociaron el consumo de cocaína con alteraciones en la fluidez semántica y fonética y se relacionó un mejor rendimiento en memoria de trabajo con los laboralmente en activo. Consideramos la evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas como un elemento para maximizar las posibilidades de éxito terapéutico

Many studies have linked cocaine use with alterations of executive functions. The aims of this one are: (1) to assess executive functions; (2) to analyse the neuropsychological pattern and (3) to detect associated variables. The study was conducted with patients of over 18 years of age (N = 25) who came to Mataró (Barcelona) Drug Addiction Care Centre. We applied a protocol for assessing executive functions to all patients who had a minimum withdrawal. The results associated cocaine use with deficits in semantic and phonologic fluency and also related better performance in working memory to employed patients. We consider the assessment of executive functions as an issue for maximising the chances of therapeutic success

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En el presente estudio teórico se revisan los principales hallazgos e investigaciones respecto al estatus nosológico de la acumulación compulsiva. En concreto, se exponen las evidencias empíricas disponibles para poder determinar su independencia o no del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), patología mental donde tradicionalmente ha sido incluida como un subtipo o dimensión más de la misma. En relación a esta cuestión, los resultados recogidos en la literatura científica sostienen que las personas con acumulación compulsiva, a diferencias de "otros" sujetos con TOC, presentan características distintivas en diversos criterios externos, a saber: variables sociodemográficas, personalidad premórbida, grado de insight, factores genéticos y neuroanatómicos, correlatos neuropsicológicos, curso y nivel de disfuncionalidad y, por último, respuesta al tratamiento. Dichas conclusiones son discutidas valorando la propuesta de creación de una nueva entidad clínica denominada "trastorno por acumulación"

This theoretical study reviews the main research and findings on the nosological status of compulsive hoarding. Specifically, it describes available empirical evidence in order to determine their independence or inclusion within the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a mental disorder in which it has traditionally been included as one more subtype or dimension. Regarding this issue, the results found in the scientific literature show that persons with compulsive hoarding have distinct characteristics indifferent external criteria like sociodemographic variables, premorbid personality, degree of insight, neuroanatomical and genetic factors, neuropsychological profile, clinical course, levels of dysfunctionality and finally, treatment outcome. These conclusions are discussed and the proposal for the creation of a new clinical entity called "hoarding disorder" is evaluated

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This theoretical study reviews the main research and findings on the nosological status of compulsive hoarding. Specifically, it describes available empirical evidence in order to determine their independence or inclusion within the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a mental disorder in which it has traditionally been included as one more subtype or dimension. Regarding this issue, the results found in the scientific literature show that persons with compulsive hoarding have distinct characteristics in different external criteria like sociodemographic variables, premorbid personality, degree of insight, neuroanatomical and genetic factors, neuropsychological profile, clinical course, levels of dysfunctionality and finally, treatment outcome. These conclusions are discussed and the proposal for the creation of a new clinical entity called "hoarding disorder" is evaluated.

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Background and Objectives: The relationship between trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis has promoted heterogeneous research lines, in both etiopathogenic and nosological areas. The main aim of this review is to provide a systematic framework that encompasses this theoretical gap in the literature. Methods: A literature research was carried out through PubMed and PsycINFO between 1980 and May 2013. One hundred and thirteen articles were recruited. A first part of this review describes the role of trauma in the development of psychosis. The second part focuses on research about PTSD and psychosis. Results: Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies with clinical and community samples confirm that childhood trauma (CT) is a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia and psychotic-like symptoms in adulthood. More empirical research is needed in order to assess the role of trauma as precipitant of acute psychosis. There is also preliminary evidence with cross-sectional samples that suggests that PTSD and psychosis are a risk factor for each other, with studies about post-psychotic PTSD (PP-PTSD) being outstanding. Finally, results from different comparative research studies postulate a subtype of PTSD with psychotic features (PTSD-SP). Conclusions: The role of trauma in psychosis is more conclusive as predispositional rather than as trigger factor. Nosological status of acute psychoses remains a focus of controversy unresolved. The association between PTSD and psychosis is complex, requiring more prospective research in order to determine causal relationships between these pathologies. Also, research in nosological status of PTSD-SP must encourage more comparative studies not limited to neurobiological variables (AU)

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