RESUMEN
Today's digitalized business atmosphere places significant emphasis on digital leadership, as digital transformation can only be successful for leaders who are capable of overseeing the entire digitalization process. In this study, we examine the employee-level outputs of digital leadership in terms of individual creativity and employee performance. Based on the data of 348 employees and by using PLS-SEM, we find that (i) digital leadership is a significant antecedent of individual creativity, and (ii) individual creativity fully mediates the relationship between digital leadership and employee performance. When digital leadership abilities are a matter of concern, it becomes necessary to mention the importance of generational differences between those leaders, as OB studies also underline the generational differences toward new technologies. Hence, we also conducted a multigroup analysis (MGA) to determine if those interrelationships among digital leadership, individual creativity, and employee performance differ due to the generations of the managers. Surprisingly, the MGA results reveal minor differences. The findings of this study highlight the importance of embracing digital leadership in fostering a creative and high-performing work environment and provide insights for organizations aiming to harness the unique strengths and talents of their multigenerational workforce. Digital leaders who foster a culture of innovation, adaptability, and open communication can inspire employees to think creatively and come up with novel ideas. By leveraging digital tools and providing a supportive environment, digital leaders can also enhance employee creativity and performance.
RESUMEN
This paper analyzes the effects of the pay for performance (PFP) system on the efficiencies of public and private hospitals in Turkey. In order to evaluate these effects, we examine the relationship between hospital efficiency and health care costs in Turkey, and address the impact of the PFP system on the efficiencies of public and private hospitals. In an effort to analyze the efficiencies of public and private hospitals, this study uses data envelopment analysis. The Malmquist Productivity Index is also used to analyze the patterns of efficiency change for the study years from 2001 to 2008. This study shows that health care costs and hospital efficiency are negatively correlated for private hospitals, while they are positively correlated for public hospitals. In other words, increased health care costs might reduce efficiency in private hospitals in contrast to public hospitals. Our findings also indicate that average efficiencies of public hospitals tend to increase, particularly during the implementation period of PFP system. The efficiency trend of private hospitals, conversely, decreased in the latter periods of the PFP system. Suggestions for improvement are provided to the health care policy makers regarding the impact of health care reforms on public and private hospitals.