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BACKGROUND: Otitis media with effusion (OME) frequently leads to vestibular symptoms in children. However, young children face difficulty expressing their symptoms due to their limited language abilities. METHODS: The balance of study and patient group evaluated with computer dynamic posturography, single-leg stance test with eyes closed and regular Head Impulse Test. The study group was assessed once again after the insertion of a ventilation tube two months later. RESULTS: In the Sensory Organization Test, the scores for conditions 5, 6, and composite equilibrium of the preoperative patient group were notably lower compared with both the control and postoperative patient groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between single-leg stance test with eyes closed results and conditions 5, 6, and composite equilibrium scores. CONCLUSION: The impact of OME on the vestibular system is negative. This effect can be objectively assessed using Computer Dynamic Posturography and following tube insertion, there is a notable improvement in vestibular function. Furthermore, the single-leg stance (SLS) test with eyes closed has shown its reliability in assessing balance disorders, notably in children with OME. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 Laryngoscope, 134:4126-4133, 2024.

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PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Khalfa's hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ) in Turkish tinnitus patients with hyperacusis using uncomfortable loudness levels (ULLs) and to determine a cutoff score for tinnitus patients specifically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty subjects with a mean age ± SD of 45.27 ± 14.43 years ranging from 18 to 75 participated in the study. HQ and ULLs were used as measures of hyperacusis. The participants were divided into two groups due to ULLs ≤ 90 dB in one or both ears (Group 1) and 56 participants have ULLs > 90 dB (Group 2). RESULTS: The mean HQ score of the participants was 19.55 ± 7.18 points, Group 1 (n = 84) HQ mean score was 21.97 ± 7.08, and Group 2 (n = 56) 15.91 ± 5.56 points, and the cutoff point was found 16.50. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in total HQ (p < 0.001), attention, social, and emotional subscales of HQ. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperacusis questionnaire using with ULLs is a precise tool for the steps of identifying, categorizing, and managing the hyperacusis in patients with tinnitus. However, the effect of the tinnitus on hyperacusis should be considered, because it causes additional problems.

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BACKGROUND: Water is a vital nutrient for the human body system and failing to consume enough water could cause health problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between water intake and vestibular system disorders. METHODS: Data from 93 patients (aged between 20 and 76 years) with vestibular disorders were analyzed in the study. The mean age of the patients was 46.96 ±13.94 years (female: 45.68 ±13.45, male: 49.96 ±14.85), and 69.9% (n=65) were female. Participants were sub-categorized into diagnostic groups as follows: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, vestibular migraine, and persistent postural perceptual dizziness. The water intake information was analyzed for total water, plain water, and caffeinated beverages separately and compared between groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between vestibular neuritis and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P < .001) and also between vestibular neuritis and Meniere's disease (P = .021) in terms of the intake values of plain water and total water. No significant difference was found between groups in caffeinated beverages intake (P = .151), and it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in plain water and total water intake in terms of gender (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The most significant result of this study is that inadequate water intake can be a risk factor for some forms of peripheral vestibular disorders. People should be informed about the importance of drinking water and be encouraged to increase their water intake.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of smartphone usage in the biomechanical balance system. Method Twenty-five healthy young adults (10 men, 15 women) between the ages of 18 and 25 years without balance problems were included in the study. Sensory organization, adaptation, rhythmic weight shift, and functional limitation tests (unilateral stance, sit to stand, walk across, tandem walk, step quick turn, step up down, forward lunge) have been applied. Results Significant results were obtained in parameters of sensory organization, tandem walk, walk across, and unilateral stance tests (p < .05). Conclusion The effects of using smartphones on postural control and balance in different circumstances, such as standing and walking, must be comprehensively determined to prevent accident.

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Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of caffeine on balance function by determining the extent to which caffeine consumption affects postural sway and balance control in healthy individuals. Methods: Thirty healthy participants aged 20-35 years without any vestibular disorder were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, and those in Group 1 were given two cups of regular coffee (300-350 mg) while those in Group 2 were given two cups of decaffeinated coffee. The sensory organization test, the head shake sensory organization test, the limits of stability test, and the adaptation test were performed on all participants before and after coffee intake using computerized dynamic posturography. Results: The sensory organization test composite scores (p=0.001) and the head shake condition 5 (C5) equilibrium scores (p=0.001) of the participants in Group 1 showed a statistically significant increase after coffee intake while the composite scores (p=0.001) and the head shake condition (C5) equilibrium scores (p=0.001) of those in Group 2 showed a statistically significant decrease. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the equilibrium scores in the pitch plane (p=0.001), the yaw plane (p=0.001), and the roll plane (p=0.001) of C5 after coffee intake. Conclusion: Consumption of an appropriate dose of caffeine may enhance body position, postural stability, and voluntary motor control ability. The combined use of the sensory organization test, the head shake sensory organization test, the adaptation test, and the limits of stability test in evaluating the balance mechanism in individuals with normal vestibular findings provides detailed information about postural sway.

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INTRODUCTION: Individuals routinely perform cognitive tasks concurrent to balance functions. The attention is one of the most important cognitive functions and it has effects on vestibular system. This study aims to investigate the connection between balance and cognitive tasks under different conditions. METHODS: Visual attention tasks (VAT) and auditory attention tasks (AAT) were given to 30 healthy adults (40.42 ±â€¯11.22 years) during functional balance tasks. Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and Adaptation Test (ADT) were used for the evaluation of postural stability and adaptation. The sounds were presented from the computer speakers in AATs, and VATs were presented in the virtual reality (VR) environment. RESULTS: The first SOT condition had a statistically significant difference between all dual VAT (DT-VAT) and single task (ST) (p < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between ST and DT-AAT (p = 1.00). In the fourth SOT condition, there was a statistically significant difference between all DT-VATs versus ST and DT-VA (p < 0.001); there was no statistically significant difference between ST and DT-AA scores (p = 0.80). While there was a significant difference between DT-VA and ST and DT-AA (p < 0.001), no statistically significant difference was observed between ST and DT-AA in the ADT (p = 0.321). CONCLUSIONS: Balance performance gets worse with VAT in a VR environment. VR technology can be used to effectively evaluate balance and cognitive performance. The use of experimental environments in standard postural evaluations increases the efficiency of the postural stability tests.

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PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of head shake movement on three head movement planes (yaw, pitch and, roll) in patients with dizziness despite normal vestibular test results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty individuals aged between 20 and 51 years with complaints of dizziness were included in the study, and their results were compared with the results from twenty age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were assessed using the Sensory Organization Test, Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test which is based on the modification of the Sensory Organization Test on the yaw, pitch, and roll planes, videonystagmography, caloric test, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the yaw (p = 0.007), pitch (p < 0.001), and roll (p = 0.002) planes between the study and control groups of the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-5 scores. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of the Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-2 scores in the yaw (p = 0.448), pitch (p = 0.213), and roll (p = 0.531) planes. When the sensitivity and specificity of Head Shake-Sensory Organization Test-5 conditions were examined, the highest specificity was observed in the pitch plane (100%), followed by the yaw (95%) and roll plane (95%). CONCLUSION: Dynamic head movements are an important parameter for the evaluation of balance performance. The head shake modification could be used effectively in three-movement planes in individuals with dizziness.

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