Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

No disponible

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

No disponible

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Elaborar un catálogo de demandas informativas priorizadas por los familiares, conocer qué profesionales consideran estos que pueden responder a estas demandas y explorar las diferencias de criterio entre familiares y profesionales. DISEÑO: Análisis cualitativo de validación de contenido; estudio descriptivo transversal. Ámbito: Cuarenta y una UCI españolas. PARTICIPANTES: Familiares, médicos y enfermeras/os de pacientes críticos. Intervención: De un listado inicial de preguntas extraído de revisión de la literatura, médicos, enfermeras/os y familiares de pacientes críticos incorporaron cuestiones que consideraron no incluidas. Tras análisis de validación de contenido, se obtuvo un nuevo listado que fue valorado nuevamente por los participantes para determinar el nivel de importancia que asignaban a cada pregunta y qué profesional consideraban adecuado para responderla. RESULTADOS: Cuestiones más importantes para los familiares: preocupación por la situación clínica, medidas a tomar, pronóstico e información. Existió coincidencia entre familiares y profesionales en las cuestiones prioritarias para las familias. Existieron diferencias significativas en la importancia dada a cada pregunta: entre médicos y familiares (72/82 preguntas) y entre enfermeras/os y familiares (66/82 cuestiones) (p < 0,05). Para los familiares, el 63% de las preguntas podrían ser contestadas por médicos o enfermeras/os indistintamente, el 27% preferentemente por los médicos y 10% por las enfermeras/os. CONCLUSIONES: Las cuestiones más relevantes para las familias fueron pronóstico y gravedad, pero también la necesidad de información. Los profesionales sanitarios tendemos a subestimar la importancia de muchas de las cuestiones que preocupan a las familias. Los familiares consideran que la mayoría de sus inquietudes pueden ser resueltas indistintamente por médicos o enfermeras/os

OBJECTIVE: To compile an inventory of information requests prioritized by the family members, to find out which professionals them consider able to respond these requests, and to explore the differences in perception between family members and professionals. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of content validation and descriptive cross-sectional study. Scope: 41 Spanish ICU. PARTICIPANTS: Relatives, physicians and nurses of critical patients. Intervention: From an initial list of questions extracted from literature review, physicians, nurses, and relatives of critical patients incorporated issues that they considered not included. After analyzing content validity, a new list was obtained, which was again submitted to the participants' assessment to evaluate the level of importance that they assigned to each question and which professional they considered appropriate to answer it. RESULTS: most important questions for the relatives: concern about the clinical situation, measures to be taken, prognosis and information. There was a coincidence between relatives and professionals in the priority issues for families. There were significant differences in the importance given to each question: between doctors and relatives (72/82 questions), and between nurses and relatives (66/82 questions) (P<.05). For the relatives, 63% of the questions could be answered by doctors or nurses, 27% preferably by doctors and 10% by nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant issues for families were prognosis and severity, but also the need for information. Healthcare professionals tend to underestimate the importance of many of the questions that concern families. Relatives feel that most of their concerns can be resolved either by doctors or nurses

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Los servicios de medicina intensiva se asocian a una alta complejidad asistencial y un alto coste monetario. Las recomendaciones sobre el cálculo de las necesidades de intensivistas adolecen de baja evidencia y favorecen un criterio estructural y asistencial (proporción médico/camas), lo que origina modelos reduccionistas. La Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias constituyó una comisión técnica para redactar unas recomendaciones sobre la necesidad de intensivistas en los servicios de medicina intensiva. La comisión técnica definió 5 actividades: 1) asistencial; 2) actividades extra-UCI; 3) seguridad del paciente y gestión clínica; 4) docencia; y 5) investigación. Para cada actividad o categoría se crearon subcomités específicos que definieron criterios para cuantificar el porcentaje que supone cada tarea para los intensivistas por rango profesional. Para las actividades asistenciales dentro y fuera de la UCI, y también para las actividades docentes e investigadoras, se siguió un sistema cuantitativo del número de procedimientos o tareas por tiempos estimados. En relación con las actividades no instrumentales, más difíciles de evaluar en tiempo real, se siguió una matriz de ámbito/productividad, definiendo los porcentajes aproximados de tiempo dedicado por categoría profesional. Se elaboró una hoja de cálculo, modificando un modelo previo, atendiendo la suma de horas estipuladas por contrato. Las competencias exigidas van más allá de la asistencia intra-UCI, y no pueden calcularse bajo criterios estructurales. La metodología sobre 5 actividades, la cuantificación de sus tareas específicas y tiempos y la construcción de una hoja de cálculo generan un instrumento adecuado de gestión (AU)

Departments of Critical Care Medicine are characterized by high medical assistance costs and great complexity. Published recommendations on determining the needs of medical staff in the DCCM are based on low levels of evidence and attribute excessive significance to the structural/welfare approach (physician-to-beds ratio), thus generating incomplete and minimalistic information. The Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units established a Technical Committee of experts, the purpose of which was to draft recommendations regarding requirements for medical professionals in the ICU. The Technical Committee defined the following categories: 1) Patient care-related aspects; 2) Activities outside the ICU; 3) Patient safety and clinical management aspects; 4) Teaching; and 5) Research. A subcommittee was established with experts pertaining to each activity category, defining criteria for quantifying the percentage time of the intensivists dedicated to each task, and taking into account occupational category. A quantitative method was applied, the parameters of which were the number of procedures or tasks and the respective estimated indicative times for patient care-related activities within or outside the context of the DCCM, as well as for teaching and research activities. Regarding non-instrumental activities, which are more difficult to evaluate in real time, a matrix of range versus productivity was applied, defining approximate percentages according to occupational category. All activities and indicative times were tabulated, and a spreadsheet was created that modified a previously designed model in order to perform calculations according to the total sum of hours worked and the hours stipulated in the respective work contract. The competencies needed and the tasks which a Department of Critical Care Medicine professional must perform far exceed those of a purely patient care-related character, and cannot be quantified using structural criteria. The method for describing the 5 types of activity, the quantification of specific tasks, the respective times needed for each task, and the generation of a spreadsheet led to the creation of a management instrument (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Departments of Critical Care Medicine are characterized by high medical assistance costs and great complexity. Published recommendations on determining the needs of medical staff in the DCCM are based on low levels of evidence and attribute excessive significance to the structural/welfare approach (physician-to-beds ratio), thus generating incomplete and minimalistic information. The Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units established a Technical Committee of experts, the purpose of which was to draft recommendations regarding requirements for medical professionals in the ICU. The Technical Committee defined the following categories: 1) Patient care-related aspects; 2) Activities outside the ICU; 3) Patient safety and clinical management aspects; 4) Teaching; and 5) Research. A subcommittee was established with experts pertaining to each activity category, defining criteria for quantifying the percentage time of the intensivists dedicated to each task, and taking into account occupational category. A quantitative method was applied, the parameters of which were the number of procedures or tasks and the respective estimated indicative times for patient care-related activities within or outside the context of the DCCM, as well as for teaching and research activities. Regarding non-instrumental activities, which are more difficult to evaluate in real time, a matrix of range versus productivity was applied, defining approximate percentages according to occupational category. All activities and indicative times were tabulated, and a spreadsheet was created that modified a previously designed model in order to perform calculations according to the total sum of hours worked and the hours stipulated in the respective work contract. The competencies needed and the tasks which a Department of Critical Care Medicine professional must perform far exceed those of a purely patient care-related character, and cannot be quantified using structural criteria. The method for describing the 5 types of activity, the quantification of specific tasks, the respective times needed for each task, and the generation of a spreadsheet led to the creation of a management instrument.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compile an inventory of information requests prioritized by the family members, to find out which professionals them consider able to respond these requests, and to explore the differences in perception between family members and professionals. DESIGN: Qualitative analysis of content validation and descriptive cross-sectional study. SCOPE: 41 Spanish ICU. PARTICIPANTS: Relatives, physicians and nurses of critical patients. INTERVENTION: From an initial list of questions extracted from literature review, physicians, nurses, and relatives of critical patients incorporated issues that they considered not included. After analyzing content validity, a new list was obtained, which was again submitted to the participants' assessment to evaluate the level of importance that they assigned to each question and which professional they considered appropriate to answer it. RESULTS: most important questions for the relatives: concern about the clinical situation, measures to be taken, prognosis and information. There was a coincidence between relatives and professionals in the priority issues for families. There were significant differences in the importance given to each question: between doctors and relatives (72/82 questions), and between nurses and relatives (66/82 questions) (P<.05). For the relatives, 63% of the questions could be answered by doctors or nurses, 27% preferably by doctors and 10% by nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The most relevant issues for families were prognosis and severity, but also the need for information. Healthcare professionals tend to underestimate the importance of many of the questions that concern families. Relatives feel that most of their concerns can be resolved either by doctors or nurses.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores contribuyentes (FC) que intervienen en la aparición de incidentes relacionados con la seguridad del paciente crítico. DISEÑO: Análisis post hoc del estudio SYREC. ÁMBITO: Un total de 79 servicios de Medicina Intensiva. PACIENTES: Un total de 1.017 pacientes, de los que se incluyeron 591 en los que se notificó al menos un incidente. Variables de interés principales FC categorizados según una adaptación del modelo propuesto por la National Patient Safety Agency del Reino Unido. Tipo, clase y gravedad de los incidentes relacionados con la seguridad del paciente. RESULTADOS: Se notificaron 2.965 FC (1.729 se comunicaron en incidentes sin daño y 1.236 en eventos adversos). El grupo de FC más frecuente fue el relacionado con el paciente. Los FC relacionados con el profesional se notificaron más en los incidentes sin daño. En cambio, los relacionados con la tarea se comunicaron más en los eventos adversos. Se declararon FC en todas las clases de incidentes. La mayoría de FC se notificaron en los incidentes menos graves aunque los FC relacionados con el paciente se asociaron a incidentes de mayor gravedad. Los incidentes que se asociaron a los FC relacionados con el profesional se consideraron evitables y los FC relacionados con el paciente, inevitables. CONCLUSIONES: Los FC relacionados con el paciente fueron los más frecuentes y se relacionaron con los incidentes más graves y considerados inevitables. Los relacionados con el profesional se notificaron en las categorías menos graves y se consideraron evitables. La identificación de FC fue más frecuente en los incidentes sin daño

OBJECTIVE: To explore contributing factors (CF) associated to related critical patients safety incidents. Design: SYREC study pos hoc analysis. SETTING: A total of 79 Intensive Care Departments were involved. PATIENTS: The study sample consisted of 1.017 patients; 591 were affected by one or more incidents. MAIN VARIABLES: The CF were categorized according to a proposed model by the National Patient Safety Agency from United Kingdom that was modified. Type, class and severity of the incidents was analyzed. RESULTS: A total 2,965 CF were reported (1,729 were associated to near miss and 1,236 to adverse events). The CF group more frequently reported were related patients factors. Individual factors were reported more frequently in near miss and task related CF in adverse events. CF were reported in all classes of incidents. The majority of CF were reported in the incidents classified such as less serious, even though CF patients factors were associated to serious incidents. Individual factors were considered like avoidable and patients factors as unavoidable. CONCLUSIONS: The CF group more frequently reported were patient factors and was associated to more severe and unavoidable incidents. By contrast, individual factors were associated to less severe and avoidable incidents. In general, CF most frequently reported were associated to near miss

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To explore contributing factors (CF) associated to related critical patients safety incidents. DESIGN: SYREC study pos hoc analysis. SETTING: A total of 79 Intensive Care Departments were involved. PATIENTS: The study sample consisted of 1.017 patients; 591 were affected by one or more incidents. MAIN VARIABLES: The CF were categorized according to a proposed model by the National Patient Safety Agency from United Kingdom that was modified. Type, class and severity of the incidents was analyzed. RESULTS: A total 2,965 CF were reported (1,729 were associated to near miss and 1,236 to adverse events). The CF group more frequently reported were related patients factors. Individual factors were reported more frequently in near miss and task related CF in adverse events. CF were reported in all classes of incidents. The majority of CF were reported in the incidents classified such as less serious, even thought CF patients factors were associated to serious incidents. Individual factors were considered like avoidable and patients factors as unavoidable. CONCLUSIONS: The CF group more frequently reported were patient factors and was associated to more severe and unavoidable incidents. By contrast, individual factors were associated to less severe and avoidable incidents. In general, CF most frequently reported were associated to near miss.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine and analyse the expectations, needs and experiences of relatives of critically ill patients as regards medical information and the level of their understanding. To find keys for improving communication and to draw up best practices in clinical information. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative research study through semi-structured interviews carried out in a polyvalent adult intensive care unit (ICU) in a University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: relatives of patients who were admitted to the ICU and who were discharged alive from the Unit. Ten interviews were performed taking into account diversification variables such as, type of family relationship with patients, patient age, length of ICU stay, origin, and location at the time of the interview. RESULTS: The results of the analysis of 10 interviews focused on: the subjective position of the family in the ICU (the agonizing wait), what the ICU represents for the family (surveillance and monitoring of a situation between life and death), perceived care (complete delegation of care), and medical information (what and how they expect and what and how they receive it), as much in the first information (sincerity, hope, delicacy) as in the successive. CONCLUSIONS: There is divergence between what families expect and what they get as regards medical information. To know the expectations of the families will help to provide higher quality care and more humane treatment in the ICU.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Conocer y comprender las expectativas, necesidades y vivencias de los familiares de pacientes críticos en relación con la información médica y el grado de comprensión de la misma. Encontrar claves para mejorar la comunicación y delinear buenas prácticas en materia de información clínica. Material y métodos: Estudio de investigación cualitativa mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) polivalente de adultos de un hospital universitario. Población: familiares de pacientes que hubieran estado ingresados y que hubieran sido dados de alta vivos de la UCI.Instrumentos: se realizaron 10 entrevistas considerando como variables de diversificación: tipo de vínculo familiar con los pacientes, edad del paciente, tiempo de estancia en la UCI, origen del enfermo y su localización en el momento de la entrevista. Resultados: Del análisis de las 10 entrevistas realizadas, los resultados obtenidos giraron en torno a: la posición subjetiva del familiar en la UCI (la espera angustiosa), lo que representa la UCI para el familiar (vigilancia y control permanente de una situación entre la vida y la muerte), los cuidados percibidos (delegación completa de cuidados) y la información médica (qué y cómo la esperan y qué y cómo la reciben), tanto en la primera información (sinceridad, esperanza, delicadeza) como en las sucesivas. Conclusiones: Existe divergencia entre lo que los familiares esperan y lo que reciben en referencia a la información médica. Conocer las expectativas de las familias nos ayudará a dar una atención de mayor calidad y un trato más humano en nuestras UCI (AU)

Objective: To determine and analyse the expectations, needs and experiences of relatives of critically ill patients as regards medical information and the level of their understanding. To find keys for improving communication and to draw up best practices in clinical information. Material and methods: Qualitative research study through semi-structured interviews carried out in a polyvalent adult intensive care unit (ICU) in a University Hospital. Participants: relatives of patients who were admitted to the ICU and who were discharged alive from the Unit. Ten interviews were performed taking into account diversification variables such as, type of family relationship with patients, patient age, length of ICU stay, origin, and location at the time of the interview. Results: The results of the analysis of 10 interviews focused on: the subjective position of the family in the ICU (the agonizing wait), what the ICU represents for the family (surveillance and monitoring of a situation between life and death), perceived care (complete delegation of care), and medical information (what and how they expect and what and how they receive it), as much in the first information (sincerity, hope, delicacy) as in the successive. Conclusions: There is divergence between what families expect and what they get as regards medical information. To know the expectations of the families will help to provide higher quality care and more humane treatment in the ICU (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The presence of enlarged cervical lymph nodes is a diagnostic challenge in disease of the head and neck. Lymph node enlargement may be secondary to local or general infectious disease, to non-infectious systemic disease, or to lymphatic metastasis of tumoral processes. Among the many infectious processes that originate cervical lymph nodes is tularemia. This disease is uncommon in Spain, but was unusually frequent in Castilla-León in the last months of 1997, with 136 cases diagnosed in our hospital, 13 accompanied by lymph node enlargement of the head and neck. This article shows that tularemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node enlargement in our region.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La presencia de adenopatías cervicales plantea un reto diagnóstico en la patología de cabeza y cuello. Estas pueden ser secundarias a procesos infecciosos locales o generales, a enfermedades sistémicas no infecciosas o deberse a la diseminación metastásica linfática de procesos tumorales. Entre los múltiples cuadros infecciosos que pueden desarrollar adenopatías cervicales se encuentra el de la Tularemia. Esta enfermedad, rara en nuestro medio, se ha presentado con inusitada incidencia en Castilla-León en los últimos meses de 1997, alcanzando los 136 casos diagnosticados en nuestro Hospital, de los cuales 13 desarrollaron adenopatías en la región de cabeza y cuello. El propósito de este artículo es presentar a la Turalemia como una enfermedad a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de las adenopatías cervicales en nuestro medio (AU)

The presence of enlarged cervical lymph nodes is a diagnostic challenge in disease of the head and neck. Lymph node enlargement may be secondary to local or general infectious disease, to non-infectious systemic disease, or to lymphatic metastasis of tumoral processes. Among the many infectious processes that originate cervical lymph nodes is tularemia. This disease is uncommon in Spain, but was unusually frequent in Castilla-León in the last months of 1997, with 136 cases diagnosed in our hospital, 13 accompanied by lymph node enlargement of the head and neck. This article shows that tularemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node enlargement in our region (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle in patients with facial palsy can originate serious functional and esthetic problems. The implantation of a gold weight in the upper eyelid is one of the many surgical techniques that have been described for the correction of lagophthalmos in these patients. In this article we review the literature and present our experience with gold weight implantation for eyelid reanimation in patients with facial palsy. This procedure is technically simple to perform, produces good functional and cosmetic results, has a relatively low complication rate and is reversible should facial function return.

Asunto(s)