RESUMEN
Allergy to hazelnut is one of the most prevalent causes of severe food-allergic reactions in Norway, as recorded by The Norwegian National Reporting System and Register of Severe Allergic Reactions to Food. In the majority of the reported cases, there is "hidden", unlabelled hazelnut protein in processed foods like chocolate, cookies and cereal mixtures the eliciting agent. For a food survey study performed to evaluate the labelling practices with regards to hazelnut on behalf of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, a new sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) for the detection of hazelnut protein traces in food matrices was developed and validated. The unique fluorometric properties of the europium-chelates used improved the signal-to-noise ratio because of low matrix interference and led to an enhanced sensitivity. The limit of detection was 0.1 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation was 0.33 mg/kg hazelnut protein. The recovery ranged from 73% to 123% in cookies and cereals, and from 50 to 77% in chocolate. The intra-assay precision was 7% and the inter-assay precision was 19%. Of 100 randomly chosen retail food products in Norway labelled "may contain hazelnut", 36 contained <0.2 mg/kg and seven >10 mg/kg hazelnut protein, demonstrating how differently this precautionary label is used.
Asunto(s)
Corylus/química , Fluoroinmunoensayo/métodos , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Hipersensibilidad a la Nuez , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Corylus/efectos adversos , Fluoroinmunoensayo/normas , Immunoblotting , Elementos de la Serie de los Lantanoides/química , Proteínas de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
The concentration of organochlorines (OCs) such as organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in adipose tissue collected from 14 male hippopotami at Mfuwe in the southern part of the Luangwa National Park, Zambia. The samples contained low levels of OCs, and the concentrations of OCs were comparable to or lower than reported for wild herbivores studied in other parts of the world.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/química , Artiodáctilos/metabolismo , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/análisis , Masculino , Bifenilos Policlorados/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , ZambiaRESUMEN
In order to evaluate the gill glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity as a biomarker of effect of fungicide exposure in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta), the fungicides propiconazole [(R,S)-1-[2-(2,4-diclophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioolan-2-ylmetyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole] and fenpropimorph [(+/-)-cis-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-metyl propyl]-2,6 dimetylmorfolinc] were administrated in the water separately and together in a static system (80 microg/l for each pesticide) for 5 days. The combined fungicides gave a significant decrease in gill GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), whilst hepatic GST-activity was not significantly changed. Furthermore, continuous exposure to 540 ug/l thiabendazole[2-(thiazol-4'-yl)benzimidazole] in a flow-through system for 4 days significantly increased the gill glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards CDNB, whilst hepatic GST and cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A) activities were not increased by the treatment.
Asunto(s)
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/efectos de los fármacos , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/farmacología , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Glutatión Transferasa/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Transferasa/farmacología , Trucha/fisiología , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Fungicidas Industriales/efectos adversos , Branquias/enzimología , Hígado/enzimología , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Hepatic and renal concentrations of the elements arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, selenium and zinc were studied in samples collected from hippopotami from the Kafue River in the Kafue National Park and the Luangwa River in the Southern Luangwa National Park in Zambia. There were no significant differences between trace element concentrations in the tissues of the hippopotami taken in the Kafue River and the Luangwa River. The concentrations of copper and other essential elements were similar to those reported in normal domestic and wild ruminants. Judging by the results obtained in this study, pollution from the mining activity around the Kafue River drainage area in the Copperbelt region has not led to any accumulation of elements in tissues of the hippopotami in the Kafue National Park. The trace element concentrations observed may serve as reference for similar future studies on hippopotami.