RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clefts of the lip and palate (CL/P) and cleft palate (CP) are the most common craniofacial congenital anomalies. Clefts are classified as syndromic and nonsyndromic. Nonsyndromic clefts have no known genetic causes. OBJECTIVES: This study combines prospective and retrospective studies to review the patterns of CL/P and CP and associated syndromes and conditions in patients registered for CL/P surgery at a tertiary care pediatric center in our tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: It included patient data from May 2015 through April 2023. Patient record forms and SPSS (IBM version 20.0) were used to collect and analyze data. A significance level of 5% was used, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 319 patients who met our inclusion criteria, 175 were male. Of the total, 99 had a left unilateral isolated cleft lip, 61 had a right unilateral isolated cleft lip, 69 had a bilateral cleft lip, and 90 had an isolated CP. Of the total, 140 had CL/P. Around 242 were nonsyndromic. The Chi-square test revealed a significant association between the prevalence of isolated CP and CLP and gender. The prevalence of left unilateral isolated cleft lip and bilateral and isolated CP was significantly associated with syndromic and nonsyndromic cases. CONCLUSION: Males are more likely to be affected by orofacial clefts, which is consistent with the global trend. Isolated CP was the most common orofacial cleft. Within the sample, syndromes' association with orofacial clefts was significantly weaker than that of isolated and bilateral clefts.
RESUMEN
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important crops in arid and semi-arid zones. Date fruit occupies a good place in traditional medicine among the Saharan residents, due to its therapeutic virtues; although there may be several therapeutic virtues yet to be discovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of the hexanic (EHx), chloroformic (ECh), ethyl acetate (EAc) and aqueous (EAq) extracts of Tanteboucht pulp. The phytochemical characterization and estimation of phenolic compounds were done based on an HPLC-DAD approach. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by a DPPH scavenging effect test. The sensitivity of 7 bacterial strains and Candida albicans to Tanteboucht extracts was tested using the diffusion disc on agar medium method. The membrane stabilization test was used to determine the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of the fruit extracts. Fourteen phenolic compounds were detected in organic extracts and EAc was the richest followed by ECh and finally EHx which was very poor in these molecules. All extracts showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties which differ in rate. Indeed, ECh had the greatest scavenging effect on DPPH, followed by EAc and then EAq. EAc was the most potent inhibitor of microbial strains. EAc and ECh were more efficient at membrane stabilization followed by EAq and the three extracts had more anti-inflammatory capacity than the positive control acetyl salicylic acid. The obtained considerable activities were significantly correlated with flavonoid and tannin contents in the extracts.
RESUMEN
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn) have been produced as biomaterial from biowaste, especially snail shells (Atactodea glabrata). It is critical to recycle the waste product in a biomedical application to overcome antibiotic resistance as well as biocompatibility with normal tissues. Moreover, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR analyses have been used to characterize snail shells and HAn. The particle size of HAn is about 15.22 nm. Furthermore, higher inhibitory activity was observed from HAn than the reference compounds against all tested organisms. The synthesized HAn has shown the lowest MIC values of about 7.8, 0.97, 3.9, 0.97, and 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, C. albicans, and E. coli, respectively. In addition, the HAn displayed potent antibiofilm against S. aureus and B. subtilis. According to the MTT, snail shell and HAn had a minor influence on the viability of HFS-4 cells. Consequently, it could be concluded that some components of waste, such as snail shells, have economic value and can be recycled as a source of CaO to produce HAn, which is a promising candidate material for biomedical applications.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Comorbid conditions may adversely affect burn outcomes. Burn injuries remain one of the most prevalent injuries presenting to emergency departments. The current study compares the outcomes of burn injuries in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. METHODS: A retrospective review of 705 burn patients admitted to the burn unit was performed. All adult patients (18 years old and above) who were admitted to the burn unit were included. The study compared the complications and outcomes of the diabetic and non-diabetic burn patient. RESULTS: Patient were divided into diabetic (14%) and non-diabetic groups (86%). Diabetic burn patients were more likely to be older with a mean age of 58.7 years compared to 33.6 years in non-diabetic group (P=0.000). Inhalation injury was found in 3% of diabetic group compared to 14% of non-diabetic group (P=0.009). Diabetic patients were more likely to have associated medical comorbidities especially hypertension. Overall mortality rate was 13% and overall length of stay (LOS) was 28.4 days with no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Older age, hypertension and contact burns are significantly associated with DM in burn patients. No increased risk of burn-related infections, mortality and LOS were observed in the DM group.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Due to the lack of data and studies concerning the prevalence of constipation in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed at determining the level of prevalence among central region population in Saudi Arabia, specifically in Riyadh and Qassim provinces. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of constipation, to estimate the overall prevalence of constipation among the society, and to identify risk factors of constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 543 individuals were covered, both males and females in the targeted areas. A standardized questionnaire was used to cover eight different aspects concerning constipation. SPSS package was used to analyze the data collected from the sample. RESULTS: The results of the scoring system showed that the prevalence of constipation among the sampled individuals is only 4.4%, whereas those whose result indicates no suffering from constipation represented 95.6%. Constipation is more prevalent among females (79.2%) rather than males (20.8%). Moreover, constipation is more sever among those who are between 20- and 35-year old, while it reaches 0% among old people (over 51 years). Riyadh residents are more likely to suffer from constipation rather than Qassim residents. In Riyadh, 83.3% suffered from constipation, whereas the percentage in Qassim was 16.7%. The results show also that constipation is more prevalent among those who eat fiber-rich food once in a week, who are getting stressed all the time, nonsmokers, and who get dehydrated and do not carry a bottle of water. There is a significant relationship between suffering from constipation and only two variables, which are regularity of being stressed and regularity of getting dehydrated. The test value for these two variables were (0.0) in the two cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of constipation is relatively very low among population of central region in Saudi Arabia.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer can metastasize to multiple organs but the metastases to brain is very rare. We report a case of recurrent gastric cancer. The only site of recurrence is brain metastases that occurred three years after curative resection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old male patient who was diagnosed to have gastric cancer. He received neoadjuvant chemotherapy then complete resection. The patient came to the outpatient clinic for regular follow up. After three years from resection the patient complained of headache and seizures. CT scan brain showed right temporal bone localized tumor. Complete resection was done which revealed it is a localized metastases from gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Localized brain metastases from gastric cancer is a rare event. Urgent CT scan must be done if the patient had any neurological complaint. Early diagnosis is the key for the patient management. Rapid treatment can improve the patient general condition and neurological manifestations.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Gastrectomía/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologíaRESUMEN
Use of the entire hypoglossal nerve for nerve transfer in obstetric palsy is not recommended because of major donor nerve morbidity in terms of feeding and speech problems. We used a hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer for biceps reinnervation in obstetric palsy in 3 infants with multiple root avulsions. Two of the 3 infants recovered normal or near-normal elbow flexion. There was no donor nerve morbidity in terms of feeding. Speech was assessed at age 20 to 27 months and was appropriate for age, which indicates that early speech development (speech intelligibility and articulation) were not affected. However, phonological development (expected to develop by age 3 y) and full consonant development (expected to be complete by age 5 y) could not be assessed because all children were younger than age 3 years at final follow-up. Our results confirm the relative safety of using a hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer in infants. The transfer deserves study in a larger series and with longer follow-up, particularly regarding speech development.
Asunto(s)
Neuropatías del Plexo Braquial/cirugía , Nervio Hipogloso/trasplante , Regeneración Nerviosa/fisiología , Transferencia de Nervios/métodos , Parálisis Obstétrica/complicaciones , Neuropatías del Plexo Braquial/etiología , Neuropatías del Plexo Braquial/fisiopatología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Nervio Hipogloso/cirugía , Lactante , Masculino , Parálisis Obstétrica/diagnóstico , Parálisis Obstétrica/cirugía , Recuperación de la Función , Medición de Riesgo , Muestreo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sitio Donante de Trasplante/fisiopatología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
There are multiple nerve branches supplying the triceps. Traditionally, the nerve to the long head of triceps is utilized for nerve transfer to neurotize the deltoid muscle in patients with brachial plexus injuries. However, no anatomical studies were done to investigate which triceps nerve would be preferred for nerve transfer. This anatomical study was carried out to describe the innervation pattern of the triceps muscle to investigate the preferred triceps nerve for nerve transfer. Twenty-five cadaveric arms were dissected. The long head of the triceps received a single branch in 23 cases (92%) and double branches in 2 cases (8%) only. The medial head had a single branch in 22 cases (88%) and double branches in 3 cases (12%). The lateral head was the most bulky one and received more than one branch in all cases (100%), ranging from 2 to 5 branches. The transfer of the most proximal branch to the lateral head of the triceps seems to be the most preferred choice for deltoid muscle innervation.
Asunto(s)
Plexo Braquial/cirugía , Músculo Deltoides/inervación , Transferencia de Nervios , Plexo Braquial/lesiones , Plexo Braquial/patología , Cadáver , Músculo Deltoides/patología , Músculo Deltoides/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by the gram-negative bacteria Bartonella. The infection is strongly related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hence, the diagnosis is usually considered based on the fact that the patient is HIV positive. We report on a case of bacillary angiomatosis presenting as a pyogenic granuloma of the hand in an otherwise apparently healthy man. The report is aimed to increase the awareness of hand surgeons that this serious disease may be the first clinical manifestation of HIV infection. The case also demonstrates that once the correct diagnosis is made, medical treatment alone may be sufficient to cure massive recurrent lesions.
Asunto(s)
Angiomatosis Bacilar/diagnóstico , Errores Diagnósticos , Granuloma Piogénico/diagnóstico , Dermatosis de la Mano/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endovascular embolization has become part of the management of postpartum hemorrhage. CASE: We report a case of bilateral extensive gluteal skin and muscle necrosis with concurrent severe lumbosacral plexopathy after bilateral internal iliac artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage. The ischemic plexopathy was treated conservatively, with a fair outcome. The complex gluteal wound was treated successfully with debridement and skin grafting. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy is known to increase the pelvic collateral blood vessels, and, hence, such a complication in a healthy pregnant woman is extremely rare. The risk of such a severe complication may be minimized by more selective embolization.
Asunto(s)
Nalgas/patología , Embolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Arteria Ilíaca , Paraplejía/etiología , Hemorragia Posparto/terapia , Adulto , Nalgas/cirugía , Desbridamiento , Femenino , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Necrosis , Paraplejía/diagnóstico , Embarazo , Neuropatía Ciática/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ambulatory cleft lip repair has been practiced in developed countries, but its safety has never been examined in developing countries. This study compares the outcomes of ambulatory cleft lip repair with the inpatient setting. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 122 patients who underwent repair between 2000 and 2008 was conducted. All patients underwent primary cleft lip repair performed by the same surgeon. Patients were divided into two groups: ambulatory (n = 58) and inpatient (n = 64). Demographics, surgical parameters, and outcomes were obtained. The main outcome measure examined was the overall readmission rate. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 133 days in the ambulatory group and 154 days in the inpatient group. Six patients (10.3 percent) in the ambulatory group and 15 (23.4 percent) in the inpatient group had associated medical problems. Both groups were homogeneous for other parameters. Three patients (5.2 percent) in the ambulatory group and two (3.1 percent) in the inpatient group were readmitted. There were no significant differences in the readmission rate, intraoperative or postoperative complications, or rate of return to the emergency room (p > 0.05). However, the reason for readmission was different in the two groups, consisting of respiratory problems in the ambulatory group and late wound dehiscence in the inpatient group. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the safety of ambulatory cleft lip repair in a developing country. However, the authors suggest hospital admission for patients with preexisting cardiac problems and those who experience any respiratory problems in the immediate postoperative period in the ambulatory group.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Labio Leporino/cirugía , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Implantes Absorbibles , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/métodos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Preescolar , Labio Leporino/diagnóstico , Fisura del Paladar/diagnóstico , Fisura del Paladar/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Bases de Datos Factuales , Países en Desarrollo , Estética , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Pacientes Internos/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Oportunidad Relativa , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Probabilidad , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Arabia Saudita , Técnicas de Sutura , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of meropenem in plasma is described. The drug was separated from plasma after plasma protein precipitation with 15% of trichloroacetic acid. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid (21.2, 78 and 0.8% v/v, respectively) delivered at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. Meropenem was quantified using ultraviolet detection at 296 nm. Meropenem and the internal standard (pheniramine) were well separated from plasma components. The drug could be assayed by the HPLC method in the presence of its analogue, imipenem. The detection limit in plasma was 25 ng/ml of meropenem. The results were compared with those of agar for a microbiological diffusion method using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as the test organism. The sensitivity of the microbiological assay was less than 5 ng/ml, but this decreased at higher concentrations. Both methods were applied to the determination of the drug in aqueous solutions and in plasma.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/sangre , Tienamicinas/sangre , Calibración , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía Liquida , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Imipenem/sangre , Meropenem , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Estándares de Referencia , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
This investigation was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new tablet formulation of ibuprofen (600 mg), Profinal, relative to reference product, Brufen (600 mg) tablets. The 2 brands were found to be similar in assay, weight variation and dissolution as stipulated by the USP XXII, as well as the disintegration time, as specified by the BP 1988. The bioavailability was carried out on 18 healthy male volunteers who received a single dose (600 mg) of the test (T) and the reference (R) products in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 12 hours. Plasma harvested from blood was analyzed for ibuprofen by a sensitive and validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-curve up to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t), and to infinity (AUC0-infinity) were analyzed statistically under the assumption of a multiplicative model. The time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was analyzed assuming an additive model. The parametric confidence intervals (90%) of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic characteristics (AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax) for T:R ratio were in each case, well within the bioequivalence acceptable range of 80-125%. The test formulation was found bioequivalent to the reference formulation by the Schuirmann's 2 1-sided t-tests and by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney 2 1-sided tests procedure. Therefore, the 2 formulations were considered to be bioequivalent.
Asunto(s)
Ibuprofeno/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estudios Cruzados , Formas de Dosificación , Humanos , Ibuprofeno/administración & dosificación , Ibuprofeno/sangre , Ibuprofeno/orina , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Estándares de Referencia , Comprimidos , Equivalencia TerapéuticaRESUMEN
The effect of oral administration of the non-absorbable anion-exchange resins cholestyramine and colestipol hydrochloride on the absorption of diclofenac in man was studied. Adsorption studies in vitro were also performed. In a randomized crossover study consisting of three phases, single doses of water suspensions of colestipol hydrochloride (10 g), or cholestyramine (8 g), or water only were given to six healthy male volunteers immediately following ingestion of diclofenac (100 mg). After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 8 hours. Plasma harvested from blood was analyzed for diclofenac by a sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was moderately (33%, p < 0.05) reduced by colestipol, and greatly reduced (62%) by cholestyramine. The maximum plasma concentration was reduced (58%) by colestipol and even more (75%) by cholestyramine treatment. The in-vitro adsorption studies showed that colestipol has a weaker capacity for adsorption of diclofenac compared to cholestyramine. The in-vivo data suggest a reduction of diclofenac bioavailability when colestipol or cholestyramine is administered concomitantly.
Asunto(s)
Resina de Colestiramina/farmacología , Colestipol/farmacología , Diclofenaco/farmacocinética , Absorción/efectos de los fármacos , Adsorción , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Diclofenaco/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a concomitant single oral dose of one of the anion exchange resins colestipol hydrochloride (10 g) or cholestyramine (8 g) administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) would alter the bioavailability of this non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The study was performed according to a randomized three-way crossover design in six healthy male volunteers. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 10 h. Plasma harvested from blood was analysed for ibuprofen by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method. There were no significant differences between colestipol treatment and control for peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to peak concentration (Tmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), elimination rate constant (Kel), or elimination half-life (t1/2). Cholestyramine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in AUC (26%, p < 0.05) and Cmax (34.4%, p < 0.01) and a significant increase in Tmax (80%, p < 0.01) and MRT (20.2%, p < 0.05). Cholestyramine administration showed no significant effect on the Kel and t1/2 values. A significant correlation was obtained between the increase in MRT and the increase in Tmax. The confidence intervals (90%) of the mean values of the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-infinity and Cmax) for the colestipol: control ratio were well within the acceptable range of 100 +/- 20, whereas those for the cholestyramine: control ratio were outside it. Colestipol treatment was found to be bioequivalent to the control treatment by Schuirmann's two one-sided t tests, while cholestyramine treatment was found to be bioinequivalent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Resina de Colestiramina/farmacología , Colestipol/farmacología , Ibuprofeno/farmacocinética , Absorción/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Adulto , Disponibilidad Biológica , Resina de Colestiramina/administración & dosificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Colestipol/administración & dosificación , Estudios Cruzados , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Ibuprofeno/sangre , Masculino , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
The effect of oral administration of the non-absorbable anion-exchange resins cholestyramine and colestipol on the systemic clearance and other pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously administered ibuprofen (25 mg kg-1) was studied in rabbits. Single doses of colestipol hydrochloride (0.4 g kg-1) or cholestyramine (0.17 g kg-1) were given 30 min before ibuprofen administration. In cholestyramine-treated rabbits a significant reduction in ibuprofen plasma concentration was observed compared with both control (water only) and colestipol-treated rabbits. Cholestyramine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the terminal elimination half-life and the mean residence time. Furthermore, a 31% increase in the systemic clearance and 23% decrease in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve were also observed in cholestyramine-treated rabbits. Colestipol treatment did not change these parameters. The volume of distribution parameters (Vdss and Vd(area)) did not change following either treatment. The changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters are compatible with an acceleration of ibuprofen elimination induced by oral administration of cholestyramine and not by colestipol. This effect is thought to be due to augmentation of net biliary excretion through enteric binding.
Asunto(s)
Resina de Colestiramina/farmacología , Colestipol/farmacología , Ibuprofeno/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Adsorción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Resina de Colestiramina/administración & dosificación , Colestipol/administración & dosificación , Ibuprofeno/administración & dosificación , Ibuprofeno/sangre , Técnicas In Vitro , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , ConejosRESUMEN
The pharmacokinetics of propranolol following intravenous administration (1 mg/kg), with and without treatment with oral activated charcoal, was investigated in rabbits. In charcoal-treated rabbits a significant reduction in propranolol serum concentrations was observed compared to control animals. Charcoal treatment significantly reduced the half-life of elimination (16.6%) and the mean residence time (19%) of propranolol. A 17% increase in the systemic clearance and a 14% decrease in AUC were also noted. Charcoal administration did not significantly alter the volume of distribution (Vc' V(area) and Vss) or the apparent distribution half-life. A two-compartment model adequately described propranolol in control and treated rabbits. The results indicate that administration of oral activated charcoal enhances the systemic elimination of propranolol. This is presumably mediated by interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of propranolol by activated charcoal.
Asunto(s)
Carbón Orgánico/farmacología , Propranolol/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Animales , Carbón Orgánico/administración & dosificación , Semivida , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Propranolol/administración & dosificación , Propranolol/sangre , ConejosRESUMEN
A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for quantitative determination of propranolol in serum. The assay is performed after single extraction of propranolol and indenolol [internal standard (IS)] from alkalinized serum into ether and eluted from C-18 U Bondapak column with a mobile phase composed of methanol: 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 3.4 (40:60%, v/v). The column eluant was monitored on a fluorescence detector. Measurement was achieved by taking the peak height ratio of propranolol and comparing it to that of the IS. The detection limit for propranolol in serum is 2.5 ng/ml. Intraday coefficients of variation (CV) ranged from 2.84 to 4.0% and interday (CVs) from 5.8 to 8.4% at three different concentrations. The relative and absolute recoveries varied from 93.8 to 102.3%. Preliminary stability tests showed that propranolol is stable for at least 3 weeks in serum after freezing. The method is applied for the determination of the pharmacokinetic parameters of propranolol after intravenous administration (1 mg/kg) to rabbits.
Asunto(s)
Propranolol/sangre , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Masculino , ConejosRESUMEN
A large number of people in East Africa and Southern Arabia chew khat leaves because of its pleasurable and stimulating effects. Due to its habit forming property, the khat has been classified as a "Substance of Abuse" by the World Health Organization. In view of the large number of medical problems reported in khat chewers, the present study was undertaken to investigate the chronic toxicity of khat in mice. Three groups of mice were treated with aqueous solution of khat extract in the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. body weight daily by oral intubation route for 6 weeks. The results indicated a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, an increase in the incidence of mortality and induction of site specific body and eye lesions. The histopathological examination of the lesions revealed reactive hyperplasia and necrosis in the lymphoid tissues. The necrotic areas in the subcutaneous tissues showed the presence of numerous polymorphs.
Asunto(s)
Estimulantes del Sistema Nervioso Central/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Animales , Catha , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Destreza Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Reflejo Anormal/efectos de los fármacos , Respiración/efectos de los fármacos , Arabia SauditaRESUMEN
The upper gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the most common side effects associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Many attempts to prepare potent NSAIDs free from gastrotoxicity have failed. Hence, development of formulations to mask the gastropathy of NSAIDs are warranted. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of concomitant use of cod liver oil (CLO) on pharmacological activity and gastropathy of indomethacin in rats. The animals were treated with CLO (5 and 10 ml/kg body weight) along with indomethacin (30 mg/kg, body weight). Blood samples were collected for analysis of indomethacin at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 24 hours. The anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin alone and in combination with CLO was studied using carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Our studies related to the effect of these drugs on gastrointestinal tract showed that concurrent use of CLO protects gastric mucosa against indomethacin induced depletion of gastric wall mucus, non protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) levels and gastric lesions. The result of this study also showed that the concurrent use of the CLO does not affect the bioavailability and anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin while it inhibits the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin in a dose dependent manner. These findings suggest that NSAIDs formulations containing CLO may reduce gastrotoxicity without affecting their therapeutic efficacy.