RESUMEN
Gastric cancer is the subject of clinical and basic studies due to its high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Due to the diagnosis occurring in advanced stages and the classic treatment methodologies such as gastrectomy and chemotherapy, they are extremely aggressive and limit the quality of life of these patients. CRISPR/Cas9 is a tool that allows gene editing and has been used to explore the functions of genes related to gastric cancer, in addition to being used in the treatment of this neoplasm, greatly increasing our understanding of cancer genomics. In this mini-review, we seek the current status of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology in gastric cancer research and clinical research.
Asunto(s)
Edición Génica , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Edición Génica/métodos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Calidad de Vida , TecnologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIM: Previous studies from our research group have shown that trisomy 8 and the amplification of the 8q24.21 region is very frequent in gastric cancer (GC). Little is known about the role of most genes located in this region. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the possible impact of transcriptional alterations and copy number variation (CNV) of four genes located in the 8q24.21 region - FAM49B, FAM84B, GSDMC and miR-5194 - in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one to 85 matched pairs of tumoral and adjacent non-tumoral gastric tissues, from patients with primary GC, were used to analyze gene expression and CNV of the selected genes. We also included 29 H. pylori negative and gastritis negative gastric mucosa tissues from individuals without cancer obtained by endoscopy, as control samples. RESULTS: The expression of FAM49B, GSDMC and miR-5194 was higher in both tumoral and adjacent non-tumoral samples compared to the negative control. The expression of FAM84B showed no significant difference between tumoral samples and negative controls. However, the expression of FAM84B in the adjacent non-tumoral samples was higher compared to negative control and tumoral samples. Moreover, the higher expression of GSDMC was associated with T3 and T4 tumors, with tumors on stage III and IV and with advanced tumors. Higher copy numbers of FAM49B and GSDMC were associated with intestinal tumor type and with moderately or well-differentiated tumors. Higher copy number of FAM84B was associated with moderately or well-differentiated tumors. Furthermore, the expression of all four genes was positively correlated. CONCLUSION: All four genes are upregulated in GC and may play an important role in these neoplasms. GSDMC expression was associated with more aggressive tumors.