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Growth pattern is essential for economically efficient poultry production. In this study, we aimed to describe the growth curve of chickens of the Canela-Preta breed reared in two different rearing systems, considering their different plumage colors. Initially, 204 one-day-old male and female chicks were randomly distributed in confinement and semi-confinement (102 animals in each system) without separation by gender. The animals were individually identified by wing and foot plastic brands and were weighted every seven days. The body weight and age records were used to estimate the growth curves of the following factors using the Richards model: plumage color, gender, and rearing system. The likelihood ratio test was used to verify the equality of parameters and identify nonlinear models to compare the growth patterns of the evaluated groups. The growth pattern of Canela-Preta chickens changed as a function of gender, plumage color, and rearing system. Females with black plumage, black and gold hens, and males with black and white plumage showed greater sensitivity to changes in rearing systems. Within-breed selection strategies for specific colors can improve the use of growth pattern differences, improving production efficiency. Semi-confinement is suitable for rearing Canela-Preta chickens with any plumage color, as these animals meet the free-range poultry niche market requirements.(AU)

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Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)

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Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de se conhecer a variabilidade genética de 12 loci de microssatélites em galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 118 galinhas crioulas Canela-Preta, provenientes de três municípios do estado do Piauí (Oeiras, Queimada Nova e Teresina). Após extração do DNA, foram utilizados marcadores para 12 loci de microssatélites: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183 e MCW0213, que foram amplificados pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Foram obtidos 408 alelos (somando os alelos dos 12 loci), com os fragmentos variando entre 50 e 460 pares de bases. O número de alelos variou de 15 (MCW0081) a 52 (LEI0212), com média de 31,5 alelos por locus. A média de heterozigosidade esperada e o conteúdo de informações polimórficas foram, respectivamente, 0,887 e 0,909. Foram observados desvios no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e valores positivos do índice de fixação com excesso de homozigotos. Os microssatélites utilizados mostraram-se polimórficos e podem ser usados para investigações genéticas em galinhas Canela-Preta. As galinhas dos plantéis avaliados apresentam grande variabilidade gênica, o que as qualifica como importante fonte de recursos genéticos e, consequentemente, faculta a utilização delas em programas de melhoramento genético animal.(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of twelve microsatellite loci in native Canela-Preta chickens. Blood samples were collected from 118 chickens of the breed from five properties in three cities (Oeiras, Queimada Nova and Teresina) of Piauí state. After the DNA extraction, markers were used for twelve microsatellite loci: LEI0192, LEI0209, LEI0212, LEI0217, LEI0221, LEI0234, LEI0237, LEI0248, LEI0258, MCW0081, MCW0183, and MCW0213 that were amplified by polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The results showed a total of 408 alleles (adding alleles from the 12 loci) with the fragments ranging between 50 and 460 base pairs, the number of alleles ranged from 15 (MCW0081) to 52 (LEI0212) with an average of 31,5 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity and PIC were, respectively, 0.887 and 0.909. Deviations were observed in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and positive values of the fixation index with excess of homozygotes. It is concluded that the used microsatellites are polymorphic and can, therefore, be used for genetic research in Canela-Preta chickens. The birds of the analyzed cores present great genetic variability, which qualifies them as an important source of genetic resources, which could be used for future animal breeding programs.(AU)

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Curraleiro Pé-Duro is a rustic bovine taurine breed found in Northeast of Brazil; this breed has decreased its production potentially in order to adapt to the region environment conditions. Consequently, it is under risk of extinction and is maintained at a preservation center in Piauí State, Brazil, as a source of genetic material adapted to local conditions. We analyzed genetic variability of this breed using microsatellite markers. Sixty animals were genotyped using 11 microsatellite loci normally used for paternity tests in bovines. The observed number of alleles ranged from 5 to 9, and the effective number of alleles ranged from 2.01 to 4.64. The Shannon index ranged from 0.949 to 1.669. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.510 to 0.798. Polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.453 to 0.751. Divergence from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was significant and the mean FIS value was 0.010. We conclude that this breed still has some genetic diversity, but with evident risk due to genetic drift caused by current breeding management. It will be necessary to insert animals from other herds to obtain the desired level of genetic variability in this breed remnant.

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PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare the presence or absence of seizures and their relationship with the electroencephalographic findings in children with congenital and acquired hemiplegia. METHODS: 35 children with congenital and acquired hemiplegia were studied by clinical and electroencephalographic features. We analyzed the frequency and seizures severity and their relationship between the background activity and epileptogenic discharges in the electroencephalogram (EEG). RESULTS: From the 35 children, 26 (74.6%) presented congenital hemiplegia and 9 (25.6%) acquired one. Seventeen (48.5%) had right hemiplegia and 18 (51.4%) left one. It was find 25 cases (71.4%) with seizures and 10 cases without seizures. All the patients with seizures presented abnormal EEG activity that was bilateral in 44% of the cases. The patient without seizures presented abnormal background activity in 90% of cases and only 10% were bilateral. Concerning epileptogenic activity, it was find 78% of patients with seizures and 68% of patients without seizures.There was statistical significance related to abnormal background activity and uncontrolled epileptic seizures. CONCLUSION: The bilateral disorganization of the background activity in the EEG is related with uncontrolled seizures. The background activity well organized in the opposite side of lesion has a good prognosis to control seizures. The epileptogenic focal activity isn't always related with the presence of seizures.

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AIM: Extrinsic compression of the popliteal artery and absence of surrounding anatomical abnormalities characterize the functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). The diagnosis is confirmed to individuals who have typical symptoms of popliteal entrapment and occlusion or important stenosis of the popliteal artery with color duplex sonography (CDS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or arteriography during active plantar flexion-extension maneuvers. However, variable result findings in normal asymptomatic subjects have raised doubts as to the validity of these tests. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of popliteal artery compression in 2 groups of asymptomatic subjects, athletes and non-athletes. METHODS: Forty-two individuals were studied. Twenty-one subjects were indoor soccer players, and 21 were sedentary individuals. Physical activity was evaluated through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Evaluation of popliteal artery compression was performed in lower limbs with CDS, ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurements and continuous wave Doppler of the posterior tibial artery. RESULTS: The athletes studied fulfilled the criteria of high level of physical activity whereas sedentary subjects met the criteria of low level of activity. Popliteal artery compression was observed with CDS in 6 (14.2%) studied subjects; 2 of whom (4.7%) were athletes and 4 (9.5%) were non-athletes. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.21). Doppler of the tibial arteries and ABI measurements gave good specificity and sensibility in the identification of popliteal artery compression. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of popliteal artery compression during maneuvers in normal subjects was 14.2% irrespective of whether or not they performed regular physical activities. Both Doppler and ABI showed good agreement with CDS and should be considered in screening popliteal arteries in individuals suspected of PAES.

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One of the unusual findings in androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is the persistence of Mullerian derivatives. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain such persistence: the coincidental occurrence of mutations affecting the androgen receptor (AR) and the synthesis and/or action of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH); the loss of AMH paracrine action due to early testicular descent; the exposure to drugs such as diethylstilbestrol. We describe a patient with complete AIS for whom surgical and laboratory findings rule out all these hypotheses. She has a missense mutation on the AR gene but no mutations were detected on the genes coding for AMH and AMH receptor. The gonads were found very close to the Mullerian structures (enough to exert a paracrine action), gonadal tissue stained positively for AMH, and yet Mullerian derivatives were present and well developed. These findings indicate the possibility of interactions between the androgen receptor and AMH action.

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The invigoration of Latin American medical education during the past decade has been remarkable. The new initiatives which have taken place and the innovative programmes which have been enacted are analysed with reference to the seminal participation in international ventures. The analysis demonstrates that, while South American regional development was undeniably and profoundly influenced by the world movement in medical education, there has also been a reciprocal influence. South America has contributed notably to global action. The extent of the contribution by South America to the world movement, and the benefits gained in turn, make it self-evident that continuation of such bilateral exchange is crucial, and is to be energetically promoted.

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O experimento tem como objetivo verificar o efeito da zeólita natural sobre o desempenho de suínos na fase de terminaçäo e sua viabilidade econômica na dieta. Foram utilizados 32 suínos mestiços (Landrace x Large White), machos castrados, com peso médio inicial de 65,35 kg, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetiçöes. Na dieta basal, o milho foi substituído nos níveis de 0, 1,5, 3,0 e 4,5 kg por kg de zeólita natural. O período experimental foi de 30 dias. A análise de regressäo polinomial mostrou efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis crescentes de zeólita sobre o desempenho dos suínos. Pela análise econômica, observou-se que a inclusäo de 3 por cento de zeólita proporcionou a melhor reduçäo de custos dos insumos vigentes na terceira semana de novembro de 1993, por kg de peso vivo produzido

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Verificou-se o efeito da zeólita natural sobre o desempenho de suínos na fase inicial de crescimento e a viabilidade econômica do seu uso na raçäo. Oitenta leitões mestiços (Large White x Landrace), 40 machos castrados e 40 fêmeas, com peso inicial médio de 9,13 kg, foram distribuídos num delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetiçöes. Na raçäo basal (T1) foram incluídos 0,30 ppm de bacitracina de zinco (T2) e 0,75 (T3), 1,50 (T4) ou 3,0 kg (T5) de zeólita. O experimento teve duraçäo de 30 dias. A análise de regressäo polinomial mostrou efeito (P<0,01) dos níveis crescentes de zeólita natural sobre o ganho de peso e conversäo alimentar, o que näo foi observado para consumo de raçäo (P>0,05). O uso da zeólita natural como aditivo em dietas de leitöes na fase inicial de crescimento é viável até o nível de 1,5 por cento, levando em consideraçäo a relaçäo de preços de insumos a época

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