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BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a need to adopt online teaching methods in a generalized and sudden way, a situation that led to unprecedented changes in the routine of post-graduate students and research development. This study aimed to analyze the evaluation of remote teaching by graduates of master's degrees and advisors in master's programs in the Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine who needed to adapt to a remote teaching methodology in the pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This quantitative study evaluated the remote teaching in the perception of master's graduates and advisors from postgraduate programs in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine. Data were collected through an online Google forms® questionnaire. RESULTS: Participated in the study 14 master graduates and 14 master's advisors. Master graduates evaluated that the professors had a good performance (p=0.001), that the duration of the classes was adequate (p=0.015), that the interaction with professors was satisfactory (p=0.007), that they had good interaction with the advisor (p=0.001), that they were satisfied with the remote guidance process (p=0.038) and that face-to-face practical activities were missed (p=0.002). Master's advisors reported satisfaction with remote teaching, good adaptation (p=0.018) and motivation for remote teaching (p=0.016), they evaluated that students were cooperative in activities (p=0.019) and that face-to-face practical activities were missed (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the difficulties, remote teaching proved to be an effective alternative to face-to-face teaching.

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Tobacco use may initiate the process of oral carcinogenesis with clinically undetectable changes. Smoking cessation may prevent its progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between DNA ploidy and micronucleus (MN) frequency in chronic smokers. Three groups were evaluated: Smoker Group, Former Smoker Group and Control Group. Exfoliative cytology was performed on the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor. MN and DNA ploidy analyses were performed, as well as the correlation between the variables. The data showed a difference between the groups for the total MN (p = 0.0227), and the Smoker group had the highest mean (4.22 ± 4.12). The three groups did not differ statistically from each other on ploidy evaluation (p-value > 0.05). There was also an association between aneuploidy and increased MN frequency in the Former Smoker group (p = 0.0036). In conclusion, these results point out that there is a relationship between the frequency of MN and aneuploidy in former smokers. Moreover, smoking cessation, even for a short period of time, may promote the decrease of MN frequency caused by tobacco use.

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The exogenous application of plant hormones and their analogues has been exploited to improve crop performance in the field. Protodioscin is a saponin whose steroidal moiety has some similarities to plant steroidal hormones, brassinosteroids. To test the possibility that protodioscin acts as an agonist or antagonist of brassinosteroids or other plant growth regulators, we compared responses of the weed species Bidens pilosa L. to treatment with protodioscin, brassinosteroids, auxins (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Seeds were germinated and grown in agar containing protodioscin, dioscin, brassinolides, IAA and ABA. Root apex respiratory activity was measured with an oxygen electrode. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes activities were assessed. Protodioscin at 48-240 µm inhibited growth of B. pilosa seedlings. The steroidal hormone 24-epibrassinolide (0.1-5 µm) also inhibited growth of primary roots, but brassicasterol was inactive. IAA at higher concentrations (0.5-10.0 µm) strongly inhibited primary root length and fresh weight of stems. ABA inhibited all parameters of seedling growth and also seed germination. Respiratory activity of primary roots (KCN-sensitive and KCN-insensitive) was activated by protodioscin. IAA and ABA reduced KCN-insensitive respiration. The content of MDA in primary roots increased only after protodioscin treatment. All assayed compounds increased APx and POD activity, with 24-epibrassinolide being most active. The activity of CAT was stimulated by protodioscin and 24-epibrassinolide. The results revealed that protodioscin was toxic to B. pilosa through a mechanism not related to plant growth regulator signalling. Protodioscin caused a disturbance in mitochondrial respiratory activity, which could be related to overproduction of ROS and consequent cell membrane damage.

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We investigated the gene and protein expressions of V-type ATPase protein subunit C1 (ATP6V1C1) in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and contralateral normal mucosa in smokers, nonsmokers and former smokers. Subjects were separated into five groups of 15: group 1, smokers with OSCC; group 2, normal contralateral mucosa of OSCC patients; group 3, chronic smokers; group 4, former smokers who had stopped smoking 1 year earlier; group 5, individuals who had never smoked. Exfoliative cytology specimens from oral mucosa of smokers, former smokers and nonsmokers showed normal gene and protein expression. We found significantly greater gene expression in the OSCC group than in the nonsmoker groups. No difference in gene expression was observed between normal contralateral mucosa and nonsmoker groups, smoker and nonsmoker groups or former smoker and nonsmoker groups. We observed intense immunostaining for ATP6V1C1 protein in all cases of OSCC and weak or no staining in smoker, former smoker and nonsmoker groups. Significantly greater expression of ATP6V1C1 protein was observed in the OSCC group compared to the other groups, which supports the role of ATP6V1C1 in effecting changes associated with oral cancer. Analysis of the mucosae of chronic smokers, former smokers and the normal contralateral mucosa of patients with OSCC showed unaltered ATP6V1C1 gene and protein expression. Early stages of carcinogenesis, represented by altered epithelium of chronic smokers, had neither gene nor protein alterations as seen in OSCC. Therefore, we infer that the changes in ATP6V1C1 occur during later stages of carcinogenesis. Our preliminary study provides a basis for future studies of using ATP6V1C1 levels for detecting early stage OSCC.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate bone promotion in surgical defects created in the mandible of normal and ovariectomized female rats using calcitonin associated with a polytetrafluoroethylene barrier. The 100 female rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control treated with calcitonin (CM), ovariectomized control (OV) and ovariectomized treated with calcitonin (OVM). A circumscribed bone defect 4mm in diameter was created in the region of the mandibular angle, and covered with the barrier. Groups CM and OVM received 2 IU/kg of synthetic salmon calcitonin intramuscularly three times a week. The animals were killed 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after surgery. The bone defects were submitted to densitometric, histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Groups C and CM showed higher levels of bone formation after 7 days compared to the OV and OVM groups. A significant difference was observed between groups C and OV at 3-14 days. The OV group presented slower bone regeneration of the surgical bone defect created in the mandibular angle than group C. Synthetic salmon calcitonin accelerated regeneration of the bone defect in the mandibles of OVM animals similarly to group C, and also increased the formation of new bone during the regeneration process in CM.

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Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral infection related to coxsackieviruses A5, A6, A9, and A10, coxsackieviruses B2 and B5, and echovirus 11. It generally affects children, but this article presents a clinical case of a young woman with hand, foot, and mouth disease. Patients with this disease have oral and skin lesions that may be confused with other diseases. The differential diagnosis is very important because both dental and medical professionals may misdiagnose the disease and sometimes prescribe an inappropriate medication.

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This article reports the occurrence of mesiodentes in three siblings. The etiology of this condition is discussed and genetic considerations, such as modes of inheritance and prevalence, are discussed.

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In this case report the transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in a oversized right coronary artery with a severe lesion with thrombus inside, using the Hugging balloon technique (two dilatation balloon catheters used simultaneously). This technique achieved minimal residual lesion and had a favorable clinical outcome of the patient.

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Circulating complexes in leprosy studied by the platelet aggregation test. The platelet aggregation test and its relation to the Rubino test and other sero-immunological parameters in 135 patients with leprosy.

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