RESUMEN

Disintegrins are a class of peptides found in snake venom that inhibit the activity of integrins, which are essential cell adhesion receptors in tumor progression and development. In this work, moojecin, a RGD disintegrin, was isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom, and its antitumor potential in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 and THP-1 cells was characterized. The isolation was performed using a C18 reverse-phase column in two chromatographic steps, and its molecular mass is 7417.84 Da. N-terminal and de novo sequencing was performed to identify moojecin. Moojecin did not show cytotoxic or antiproliferative activity in THP-1 and HL-60 at tested concentrations, but it exhibited significant antimigratory activity in both cell lines, as well as inhibition of angiogenesis in the tube formation assay on Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. A stronger interaction with integrin αVß3 was shown in integrin interaction assays compared to α5ß1, and the platelet aggregation assay indicated an IC50 of 5.039 µg/mL. Preliminary evaluation of disintegrin toxicity revealed no incidence of hemolysis or cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) across the tested concentrations. Thus, this is the first study to report the isolation, functional and structural characterization of a disintegrin from B. moojeni venom and bring a new perspective to assist in AML treatment.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos , Bothrops , Desintegrinas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Desintegrinas/farmacología , Desintegrinas/química , Desintegrinas/aislamiento & purificación , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Células HL-60 , Venenos de Crotálidos/química , Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Serpientes Venenosas

RESUMEN

Soil mineralogy and texture are directly related to soil carbon due to the physical properties of the clay surface. Traditional techniques for quantifying carbon in soil are time-consuming and expensive, making large-scale quantification for mapping unfeasible. The alternative is the use of soil sensors, such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), an economical, fast, and accurate technique for predicting carbon stocks. In this sense, this study aimed to (a) investigate the relationship of C with different soil mineralogical, chemical, and physical attributes for different geological and geomorphological compartments; (b) understand which spectral bands are most important for estimating C content; (c) estimate C content from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using different mathematical techniques and indicate which one is the best for tropical soil conditions; and (d) map C contents in detail. The study area was the Western Plateau of São Paulo (WPSP), which covers approximately 13 million hectares (~ 48% of the State of São Paulo, Brazil). A total of 265 samples were collected in this area. The attributes clay, silt, sand, crystalline and non-crystalline iron, base saturation, soil density, total pore volume, total C, C stock, kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) and hematite/(hematite + goethite), hematite and goethite contents, and spectral curves were evaluated. The spectra were recorded at 0.5-nm intervals, with an integration time of 2.43 nm s-1 over the 350 to 2500-nm range (350-800 nm-visible-VIS and 801-2500 nm-near-infrared-NIR). The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, stepwise analysis, and cluster grouping for characterization purposes; partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF) for estimation purposes; and geostatistics analysis for creation of spatial maps. Our results indicate that the highest C contents are associated with more clayey soils, oxidic mineralogy, higher total pore volume, and lower soil density in highly dissected basalt compartments. The random forest algorithm associated with the Vis-NIR spectral range is more efficient for estimating and mapping C contents. This suggests that integrating diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with machine learning techniques holds promise for shaping public policies related to land use, mitigating CO2 emissions, and facilitating the implementation of carbon credit policies in a rapid and economically efficient manner.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies (BCDH). The study was cross-sectional and included 61 individuals aged 2 to 18 years with BCDH. Exams for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), oral hygiene (simplified oral hygiene index - OHI-S), and gingival health (modified gingival index - MGI) were performed. The pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic core scale and oral health scale were used to measure HRQoL and OHRQoL. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05) were conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and the PedsQL™ oral health scale. The mean PedsQL™ oral health scale score was 76.66 (SD = 21.36). Worse OHRQoL was correlated with poor oral hygiene (ρ = -0.383; p: 0.004), poor gingival health (ρ = -0.327; p = 0.014), and better HRQoL (ρ = 0.488; p < 0.001). Greater untreated dental caries experience was associated with worse OHRQoL (p = 0.009). Worse oral health status in children and adolescents with BCDH negatively impacts OHRQoL, and OHRQoL and quality of life analyzed from a generic perspective are positively correlated constructs in this population.

Asunto(s)

Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea , Caries Dental , Hemoglobinopatías , Salud Bucal , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Preescolar , Caries Dental/psicología , Hemoglobinopatías/psicología , Hemoglobinopatías/fisiopatología , Hemoglobinopatías/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/psicología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Índice de Higiene Oral , Índice Periodontal , Índice CPO , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores Socioeconómicos , Higiene Bucal

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to showcase the implementation of a digital workflow in addressing a case of multifactorial excessive gingival display in a patient with high esthetic demands, incorporating both surgical and restorative interventions in a single session. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: A 28-year-old female patient presented with excessive gingival display, attributed to a combination of short teeth due to altered passive eruption, lip hyperactivity, and a sub-nasal depression that lodged the upper lip during spontaneous smiling. The multidisciplinary treatment strategy encompassed surgical crown lengthening, the placement of a biovolume in the maxillary concavity, and the rehabilitation of the six anterior teeth with direct composite resin, all done in a single session. Smilecloud Biometrics was used to digitally plan the smile, and the final wax-up/mock-up was approved by the patient prior to any irreversible procedure. A digital planning center (GuiderLab) enabled the materialization of the virtual planning and the printing of the periodontal surgical guide, the biovolume, and the resin layering guides for the restorative technique. CONCLUSIONS: Adopting a digital workflow in multidisciplinary cases with excessive gingival display leads to predictable and more expedited outcomes, ensuring a favorable result between soft and hard tissues. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Excessive gingival display is a condition with multifactorial etiologies, including dentoalveolar, periodontal, skeletal, or muscular origins, or a combination of these factors. The diagnoses of altered passive eruption and a hypermobile upper lip are common in daily clinical practice and can be successfully managed through surgical crown lengthening and filling of the maxillary concavity, respectively. To achieve the desired outcome, restorative procedures often complement these surgical interventions.

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of Heterorhabditis amazonenses NEPT11 against larvae of Stomoxys calcitrans. Groups of 10 third-instar fly larvae were deposited in Petri dishes, to which were added 50, 100 and 200 EPNs/larva in 4ml of distilled water. The volume of the control group was the same as the treated group, but without EPNs. Larval mortality was observed daily, until larvae died or adults emerged. The Petri dishes were kept on laboratory shelves at 27 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 10% RH. The experiment was replicated six times. A regression analysis revealed quadratic behavior with increasing concentrations, indicating that the concentration of 200 EPNs/larva (48%) was the most efficient among the tested concentrations, while concentrations of 50 and 100 EPNs/larva killed 26.6 and 40% of larvae, respectively. In general, none of the treatments resulted in a mortality rate of more than 50%, but all the treated groups exhibited a higher mortality than that of the control group. It is concluded that the EPN H. amazonensis NEPT11 shows a promising potential to control third-instar larvae of S. calcitrans. However, further studies are needed in different situations to better understand the activity of this organism against the immature stages of the stable fly.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do NEP Heterorhabditis amazonenses NEPT11 frente larvas de S. calcitrans. Grupos de 10 larvas de terceiro instar da mosca foram depositados em placas de Petri, em seguida, adicionou-se 50, 100, 200, 300 e 400 NEPs/larva em 4ml de água destilada. O volume do grupo controle foi o mesmo dos tratados, porém sem NEPs. A mortalidade das larvas foi observada diariamente, até a morte das larvas ou emergência de adultos. As placas foram mantidas em estantes de laboratório a 27 ± 1 °C e 70 ± 10% UR. O experimento teve seis repetições. Por meio da análise de regressão, foi observado comportamento quadrático com o aumento das concentrações, sendo a concentração de 200 NEPs/larva (48%) a de maior eficiência entre as concentrações testadas, já as concentrações de 50 e 100 NEPs/larva mataram 26,6 e 40% das larvas, respectivamente. De modo geral, nenhum tratamento proporcionou mortalidade superior a 50%, todavia, todos os grupos tratados apresentaram mortalidade superior à observada no controle. Conclui-se que H. amazonenses NEPT11 mostrou-se promissor no controle de larvas de terceiro instar de S. calcitrans, porém mais estudos devem ser feitos para o melhor entendimento da ação deste organismo frente aos estágios imaturos da mosca-dos-estábulos.

RESUMEN

Ascending aortic aneurysm (AAoA) is a silent disease with high mortality; however, the factors associated with a worse prognosis are not completely understood. The objective of this observational, longitudinal, single-center study was to identify the hemodynamic patterns and their influence on AAoA growth using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), focusing on the effects of geometrical variations on aortic hemodynamics. Personalized anatomic models were obtained from angiotomography scans of 30 patients in two different years (with intervals of one to three years between them), of which 16 (53%) showed aneurysm growth (defined as an increase in the ascending aorta volume by 5% or more). Numerically determined velocity and pressure fields were compared with the outcome of aneurysm growth. Through a statistical analysis, hemodynamic characteristics were found to be associated with aneurysm growth: average and maximum high pressure (superior to 100 Pa); average and maximum high wall shear stress (superior to 7 Pa) combined with high pressure (>100 Pa); and stress load over time (maximum pressure multiplied by the time interval between the exams). This study provides insights into a worse prognosis of this serious disease and may collaborate for the expansion of knowledge about mechanobiology in the progression of AAoA.

Asunto(s)

Eosinofilia , Penicilina G Benzatina , Humanos , Penicilina G Benzatina/efectos adversos , Nalgas , Celulitis (Flemón)/inducido químicamente , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Celulitis (Flemón)/tratamiento farmacológico , Eosinofilia/inducido químicamente , Eosinofilia/tratamiento farmacológico , Inyecciones Intramusculares/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children and adolescents with blood coagulation disorders and hemoglobinopathies (BCDH). The study was cross-sectional and included 61 individuals aged 2 to 18 years with BCDH. Exams for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index), oral hygiene (simplified oral hygiene index - OHI-S), and gingival health (modified gingival index - MGI) were performed. The pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic core scale and oral health scale were used to measure HRQoL and OHRQoL. Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05) were conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and the PedsQL™ oral health scale. The mean PedsQL™ oral health scale score was 76.66 (SD = 21.36). Worse OHRQoL was correlated with poor oral hygiene (ρ = -0.383; p: 0.004), poor gingival health (ρ = -0.327; p = 0.014), and better HRQoL (ρ = 0.488; p < 0.001). Greater untreated dental caries experience was associated with worse OHRQoL (p = 0.009). Worse oral health status in children and adolescents with BCDH negatively impacts OHRQoL, and OHRQoL and quality of life analyzed from a generic perspective are positively correlated constructs in this population.

RESUMEN

The number of guinea pigs is increasing as pet and their domestication necessitates the study of their pathology and emerging diseases. This study aimed to evaluate guinea pigs' capacity to be infested by Ctenocephalides felis felis fleas, as it is a common parasite among pets that causes irritation, stress, and transmission of other pathogens. Seventeen guinea pigs were infested with C. felis felis. After 48 hours, the animals were combed, and the number of fleas was determined. Guinea pigs had a very low recovery (average of 5%), leading us to conclude that they are not good hosts for this species, despite some literature citing it as an accidental host if infested along with dogs or cats.

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Os porquinhos-da-índia como animal de estimação têm aumentado cada vez mais, e, sua domesticação trouxe a necessidade de estudos sobre suas patologias e doenças emergentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de infestação dos porquinhos-da-índia pela pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis, ectoparasita comum entre os animais domésticos que causa irritação, estresse e transmissão de outros patógenos. Dezessete animais foram infestados com C. felis felis. Após 48 horas, os animais foram penteados e o número de pulgas determinado. Os porquinhos-da-índia tiveram uma recuperação muito baixa (média de 5%), levando-nos a concluir que estes não são bons hospedeiros para essa espécie de pulga, apesar de algumas literaturas os citarem como hospedeiro acidental se conviverem juntamente com cães ou gatos infestados.

RESUMEN

Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.

RESUMEN

The concept of sustainability has gained prominence in recent years, enhancing the need to develop products that are less harmful to the environment. Dyes are used by various industrial sectors and have a lot of market value; they are used on a large scale mainly by the textile industry that uses large volumes of water and is one of the main contributors to the contamination of water bodies. Some natural compounds, especially anthraquinones are re-emerging as possible alternatives to synthetic dyes, some of which are known for their toxic and/or mutagenic effects. The BioColour project (https://biocolour.fi/) which is interested in promoting the development of new alternative molecules to synthetic dyes, provided us highly purified anthraquinone dyes dermocybin and dermorubin (>98% purity) extracted from a specie of fungus Cortinarius sanguineus. Dyes were tested for their acute and chronic toxicity using different aquatic organisms. Dermorubin was not toxic to any of the organisms tested for the highest test concentration of 1 mg L-1 and it was the most promising dye. Dermocybin was toxic to Daphnia similis (EC50 = 0.51 mg L-1), Ceriodaphnia dubia (IC10 = 0.13 mg L-1) and Danio rerio embryos (extrapolated LC50 = 2.44 mg L-1). A safety limit, i.e, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 0.0026 mg L-1 was derived based on the toxicity of dermocybin. The PNEC value can be used to provide hazard information for future application in commercial dyeing processes. Then, we compared the toxicity of dermocybin and dermorubin with ecotoxicity data available in the literature on other anthraquinone dyes of natural and synthetic origin. Some natural dyes can be as toxic as synthetic ones, or more toxic when chronic effects are considered. Despite natural dyes being used since centuries past, there are few ecotoxicological studies available. This study is designed to help develop a more comprehensive understanding of their toxicological properties.

Asunto(s)

Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Daphnia , Pez Cebra , Colorantes/toxicidad , Antraquinonas/toxicidad , Agua

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the use of different adhesive substances in an method to monitor the development of C. felis felis eggs. Three adhesive substances were selected: cyanoacrylate, stick glue, and liquid silicone. The eggs were obtained from a laboratory colony and placed on a thin layer of adhesive substance on the lid of a Petri dish to prevent contact with the larval growth substrate. One hundred eggs were used for each adhesive substance. The development of the eggs was monitored for three consecutive days, during which larval hatching and egg characteristics were observed. Of the 100 eggs incubated for each adhesive substance, 64, 51, and 76 larvae hatched and survived from the stick glue, cyanoacrylate, and liquid silicone plates, respectively. After 30 days of incubation, 59, 45, and 68 hatched adults were observed, respectively, in these groups. The mean hatching of larvae and adults between the liquid silicone and cyanoacrylate groups differed statistically (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated positive results, and that liquid silicone was the most easily applicable adhesive substance on the plate and interfered less with egg development, therefore having the best larval recovery compared to incubated eggs compared to the other substances.

Asunto(s)

Ctenocephalides , Siphonaptera , Animales , Brasil , Larva

Asunto(s)

Sífilis , Humanos , Niño , Sífilis/complicaciones , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial

RESUMEN

Nocardiosis is an infection caused by ubiquitous opportunistic bacteria and is rare in felines. In retrospective studies of the infection in the species, pyothorax was found in only about 5% of the cases described, with the most frequent forms being cutaneous and subcutaneous. This report describes Nocardia spp. as an etiologic agent of pyothorax in a feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-positive female cat. A 10-year-old female mixed-breed cat, positive for FeLV, with chronic kidney disease IRIS stage 2, was examined with a severe dyspneic onset, suspected of pleural effusion. It also had skin lesions in the interscapular region. The patient underwent thoracentesis, and a dense, creamy, fetid, and flocculated liquid was collected. Radiography was performed after draining the pleural fluid, which showed images suggestive of atelectasis of the left lung lobes and pneumonia. The collected material was sent for analysis, which found that it was a septic exudate. In addition, it was referred for bacterial culture in a special medium due to suspicion of nocardiosis. Long-term treatment with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid resolved the clinical case.

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A nocardiose é uma infecção causada por bactérias oportunistas ubíquas e é rara em gatos. Em estudos retrospectivos da infecção na espécie, o piotórax foi encontrado em apenas cerca de 5% dos casos descritos, sendo as formas mais frequentes a cutânea e a subcutânea. Este relato descreve Nocardia spp. como agente etiológico do piotórax em um gato vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV)-positivo. Um gato mestiço de 10 anos de idade, positivo para o FeLV, com doença renal crônica IRIS estágio 2, foi examinado com dispneia grave, com suspeita de derrame pleural. Apresentava lesões cutâneas na região dorsal entre as escápulas. Após sedação, tricotomia e antissepsia, o paciente foi submetido à toracocentese e coletado líquido denso, cremoso, fétido e floculado. A radiografia foi realizada após drenagem do líquido pleural, que mostrou imagens sugestivas de atelectasia dos lobos pulmonares esquerdos e pneumonia. O material coletado foi encaminhado para análise, que constatou tratar-se de exsudato séptico. Além disso, foi encaminhado para cultura bacteriana em meio especial por suspeita de nocardiose. O tratamento prolongado com amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico foi suficiente para a resolução do caso clínico.

RESUMEN

Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Venenos de Serpiente/uso terapéutico , Desintegrinas/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

Wild cats play an important role as top predators in the food chain and act as ecosystem regulators. However, in recent decades, many studies have demonstrated the potential effects of parasitic diseases on wild carnivore populations, including cats. This study reports on the endoparasites found in an injured and rescued specimen of Leopardus pardalis in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples were collected and processed using five coproparasitological techniques: a simple flotation centrifugation, a zinc sulfate flotation centrifugation, a formalin-ether sedimentation centrifugation, a conical centrifuge tube technique, and a modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for fecal smears. Helminth eggs belonging to the families Trichuridae and Diphyllobothriidae and the genus Toxocara were found in both sedimentation flotation techniques. Protozoan oocysts belonging to the genus Cryptosporidium were identified by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. These findings show that ocelots can harbor potentially zoonotic and pathogenic endoparasites. Further studies on the helminths and protofauna of these animals are necessary.

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Os felinos selvagens desempenham um papel importante como predadores de topo na cadeia alimentar e atuam como reguladores do ecossistema. No entanto, nas últimas décadas, muitos estudos demonstraram os efeitos potenciais de doenças parasitárias em populações de carnívoros selvagens, incluindo gatos. Este estudo relata os endoparasitos encontrados em um espécime ferido e resgatado de Leopardus pardalis no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais foram coletadas e processadas usando cinco técnicas coproparasitológicas: uma centrifugação por flotação simples, uma centrifugação por flotação com sulfato de zinco, uma centrifugação por sedimentação com éter de formalina, uma técnica de tubo de centrífuga cônica e uma técnica modificada de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen para esfregaços fecais. Ovos de helmintos pertencentes às famílias Trichuridae e Diphyllobothriidae e ao gênero Toxocara foram encontrados em ambas as técnicas de flotação por sedimentação. Oocistos de protozoários pertencentes ao gênero Cryptosporidium foram identificados pela coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada. Esses achados mostram que jaguatiricas podem abrigar endoparasitas potencialmente zoonóticos e patogênicos. Mais estudos sobre os helmintos e a protofauna desses animais são necessários.

RESUMEN

The objective of this study is to clarify whether PBM for measures reduction can cause significant changes in the lipid profile. This is an integrative review and only original articles, both in vivo and clinical trials, that were published between 2010 and 2022 were selected. The article references were also analyzed to identify additional studies. A total of 15 articles were critically analyzed. The wavelength used ranged from 532 nm (green) to 956 nm (near infrared), and many authors failed to describe dosimetric parameters properly, as well as other important characteristics for the reproducibility of those found. Although it is not fully clear about the PBM interference level on the lipid profile, in general, there was no significant difference in lipid parameters when PBM was used alone, and when associated with techniques that promote beta-oxidation, there was an improvement in these biochemical variables. PBM use for localized fat reduction do not affect lipid serum levels. Clinical trials using standardized parameters are crucial to obtain more reliable results.

Asunto(s)

Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Lípidos

RESUMEN

MDM4 is an important p53-negative regulator, consequently, it is involved in cell proliferation, DNA repair, and apoptosis regulation. MDM4 overexpression and amplification are described to lead to cancer formation, metastasis, and poor disease prognosis. Several MDM4 SNPs are in non-coding regions, and some affect the MDM4 regulation by disrupting the micro RNA binding site in 3'UTR (untranslated region). Here, we gathered several association studies with different MDM4 SNPs and populations to understand the relationship between its SNPs and solid tumor risk. Many studies failed to replicate their results regarding different populations, cancer types, and risk genotypes, leading to conflicting conclusions. We suggested that distinct haplotype patterns in different populations might affect the association between MDM4 SNPs and cancer risk. Thus, we propose to investigate some linkage SNPs in specific haplotypes to provide informative MDM4 markers for association studies with cancer.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Neoplasias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas , Humanos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Genotipo , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple

RESUMEN

Alternative techniques for applying agricultural products, such as pressurized endotherapy, have shown promise in pest and disease control in coconut palms (Cocos nucifera Linn.). In this work, azadirachtin and abamectin were applied by pressurized endotherapy to control Brassolis sophorae. Twelve different treatments were carried out, and in all of them, at least one plant had the larvae completely dead four and five days after endotherapeutic applications, and all the others died within the next few hours. Leaf and fruit analyses were performed to determine the concentration over time. High concentrations of abamectin were observed after 15 and 30 days on leaves when applied in larger volumes. In fruits, no residue was found regardless of the applied concentration. Analytical methods were developed and validated for leaves and fruits to analyze insecticide residues using LC-MS/MS and modified QuEChERS acetate according to SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines. The insecticide translocation tests in the leaves and the high mortality of insects showed that pressurized endotherapy is a technique to be considered for future studies in controlling B. sophorae in coconut palm trees.

Asunto(s)

Cocos , Insecticidas , Árboles , Insecticidas/farmacología , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem