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Objective: This study was conducted to see whether those who had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions on their dominant legs performed better than those who had them on their nondominant legs 1-10 years after the surgery. Materials and Methods: An examination of people who sustained injuries to their dominant (n = 25) and nondominant (n = 25) legs between 1 and 10 years after ACL repair was undertaken in a cross-sectional research with 50 people aged 20-38. Everyone takes the fear avoidance belief questionnaire for physical activity (FABQ-PA), the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), and the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport after injury (ACL-RSI) survey. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups on the ACL-RSI, LEFS, and FABQ-PA (U = 254, P = 0.26; U = 314.4, P = 0.95; and U = 279.4, P = 0.53 correspondingly). Conclusion: Functional performance and patient mental health should be evaluated 1-10 years after ACL surgery. However, there is no correlation between which leg was the dominant one and the results. As a result, it has been shown that both dominant and nondominant leg injuries heal similarly over time. Future studies should examine additional variables that affect healing and return-to-sport results to improve rehabilitation and optimize long-term functional outcomes for individuals after ACL repair.
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Purpose: Poor sleep and cognitive deficits are often associated with increased drug use. However, no study has addressed the relationship between poor sleep, substance dependence, and metacognitive deficit in polysubstance users. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling involving community-dwelling polysubstance users (n = 326, age = 18-43 years) in Mizan, Ethiopia. Participants completed a brief sleep questionnaire, severity of dependence on khat (SDS-Khat), a brief meta-cognition questionnaire, and a socio-demographic survey. Results: Majority (56.4%) of the polysubstance users had sleep disturbance. Chronic health conditions [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-4.85], chronic conditions in the family (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.40-5.20), illiterate-primary level of educational status (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.30-4.04), higher SDS-Khat score (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.72), and lower meta-cognition score (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97) predicted poor sleep in the polysubstance users. Moreover, low metacognition score and high SDS score also predicted additional sleep disturbances like chronic sleep insufficiency, lethargy and restlessness after nighttime sleep, socio-occupational dysfunctions, and daytime disturbances in polysubstance users. Conclusion: Poor sleep, severe khat dependence, and metacognitive deficits are common in community polysubstance users. Moreover, poor sleep is associated with higher khat dependence, lower metacognitive ability, lower educational status, and the presence of chronic conditions in polysubstance users or their families.
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the effect of a high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics in soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and non-injured soccer players during a soccer-specific landing maneuver. METHODS: Eighteen soccer players who underwent ACLR and 18 normal soccer players were enrolled in this investigation (ACLR group; age, 26.11 ± 3.95 years; body mass index, 23.52 ± 2.69 kg/m2; surgery time, 5 ± 3.30 years: control group; age, 25.83 ± 3.51 years; body mass index, 24.09 ± 3.73 kg/m2, respectively). Participants were evaluated during the landing maneuver before and after carrying out the high-intensity exercise bout using the Wingate test. The intensity of the exercise was defined as a blood lactate accumulation of at least 4 mmol/L. The dependent variables included sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics of the ankle, knee and hip joints, and electromyography activity of the gastrocnemius, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gluteus maximus. RESULTS: On 2 × 2 analysis of variance, none of the dependent variable showed significant exercise×group interactions. Regardless of group, significant main effects of exercise were found. Post-exercise landing was characterized by increased flexion of hip (p = 0.01), knee (p = 0.001), and ankle joints (p = 0.002); increased extension moments of hip (p = 0.009), knee (p = 0.012), and ankle joints (p = 0.003), as well as decreased quadriceps activity (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: At 1 year or more post-ACLR, the effect of the high-intensity exercise bout on landing biomechanics is not expected to differ from that experienced by healthy soccer players.