RESUMEN
Background and Objectives: Physical activity is essential for adolescents to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of an 8-week exercise program and motivation on physical activity levels, self-motivation, and mental well-being of adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the impact of virtual coaching on physical, emotional, and mental health after an eight-week exercise program was examined. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven participants, 18 females (67%) and 9 males (33%), with a mean age of 14 ± 2.38 years, were enrolled in eight weeks of pre- and post-intervention between June and August of 2021. The physical activity scale, situational motivation scale, mental health continuum short form, and baseline assessments were completed before and after the eight-week program. The program recommended that adolescents practice aerobic, resistance, and weight-bearing exercises for 60 min daily. Paired mean t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-test results. Results: Participants showed an acceptable physical activity level (5.5 ± 1.4) on a 10-point scale with a significant improvement after the eight-week program (7 ± 1.5; p = 0.013). The situational motivation scale improved from 38.1 ± 16 to 26 ± 19.6 (p = 0.042). The mental health continuum (social and psychological well-being) also significantly improved. Participants who received weekly phone calls showed similar improvement patterns but were not significantly different from those who did not receive calls. Conclusions: A virtually delivered 8-week exercise program for adolescents improved their physical, motivational, and mental health. Providing additional weekly phone calls does not provide additional improvement. Providing adolescents with the needed supervision and motivation enhances their physical activity and mental health.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Salud Mental , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Proyectos Piloto , Arabia Saudita , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodosRESUMEN
A wheelchair is usually a source of mobility for people with moderate to severe cerebral palsy, who are unable to walk. They spend long periods of time sitting in their wheelchair, which can affect their head and neck alignment. Opening the seat to back support angle of the wheelchair can modify realignment of body segments and improve posture. Aims: To examine the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder postural alignment in people with cerebral palsy. Methods: Nine participants with cerebral palsy who use a wheelchair for mobility sat in a research wheelchair. Sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA) from photographs were examined using the Coach's Eye device during three different seat to back support angles of the wheelchair (90°, 100°, 110°). Results: There were significant differences in mean SHA and CVA among the different seat to back support angles (p < .001). However, there was no significant difference in mean SA. Conclusion: Head (SHA) and (CVA) alignment was closest to neutral posture with seat to back support angles set at 110°. Thus, adjusting the wheelchair back support to a 110º would provide the most appropriate sagittal head and cervical angle for this population.
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Parálisis Cerebral , Silla de Ruedas , Humanos , Cuello , Postura , HombroRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Activation of immunological and systemic inflammation markers are common in obesity and asthma. OBJECTIVE: The target of this study was to assess impact of weight reduction on immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty asthmatic patients of both sex; their age and body mass index (BMI) mean were 38.72 ± 7.14 year and 32.65 ± 3.18 Kg/m2 respectively. Exclusion criteria included smokers, infections, vaccinations, cancer, surgery, immune system disorders and medications that may influence immune system function as anti-inflammatory medications, analgesics and anti-depressant. All subjects were randomly enrolled in weight reduction group (group A) or control group (group B). RESULTS: The main findings in the present study indicated that weight reducing program in group (A) was associated with significant reduction in the mean values of IL6, TNF-α, and IL8 in addition to significant increase in the mean values of CD4 and CD8 cell count . However, findings of group (B) showed no significant changes. Moreover, Comparison between both groups at the end of the study revealed significant differences. CONCLUSION: Weight reduction improved immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients.
Asunto(s)
Asma/inmunología , Citocinas/sangre , Dieta Reductora , Ejercicio Físico , Obesidad/terapia , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/inmunología , Pérdida de Peso/inmunología , Adulto , Asma/sangre , Asma/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/complicaciones , Inflamación/inmunología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Programas de Reducción de PesoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk factor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. METHODS: One-hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35-55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no intervention for 3 months. RESULTS: The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients.
Asunto(s)
Adipoquinas/sangre , Citocinas/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Endotelio/metabolismo , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Pérdida de Peso , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/epidemiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Programas de Reducción de PesoRESUMEN
People in wheelchairs spend a long time in the sitting position and often incur alignment problems resulting in neck and back pain. This study: (1) assessed the validity/reliability of Coach's Eye (CE) smart device application, (2) examined the effect of seat to back support angle adjustments on head, neck, and shoulder posture in the sitting position, and (3) compared changes in cervical rotation at each back support angle. Abled subjects sat in a wheelchair with back support angles positioned at 90°, 100°, and 110°. CE, as well as ImageJ software, was used to analyze three angles: sagittal head angle (SHA), cervical angle (CVA), and shoulder angle (SA). There were highly significant differences for CVA and SA (p < 0.001) among the three seat to back support angles. Validity of CE was examined by correlating CE with ImageJ scores. CE had high validity for all angles (r = 0.99, 0.98, 0.99 respectively, p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability for SHA, CVA, and SA was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] ranged from 0.95 to 0.99). Head (CVA) and shoulder (SA) alignment was closest to neutral posture with back support angles set at 110° and 90°, respectively.