RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the sociodemographic and serologic profiles in a first time consultant population at the Information and AIDS Prevention Center of Valencia (Spain). In addition, the HIV infection risk factors were analyzed. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,573 persons who consulted during the year 1995. Sociodemographic and infection risk practices data were recorded and serologic information about HIV, HBV and HCV infection were obtained. Exact binomial method with a 95% interval confidence was used to calculate infection prevalence and the chi square test to make comparisons between qualitative variables. RESULTS: Sex distribution was 66,1% males and 31,9% females; mean age was 29,01 (SD: 9.2) years. Sexual intercourse without condom (25.2%) and parenteral drug abusers (22.6%) were the more frequent risk groups seeking consultation about HIV infection. Global HIV infection prevalence was 12.7% (95% CI= 11,2-14,5%). Among HIV seropositive patients, sexual transmission accounted for 30.8% of cases, of which 69.4% were heterosexual relations. The HIV infection prevalence for different risk groups were the following: parenteral drug abusers 36.8% (95% CI= 31,7-42%), heterosexual intercourse with an HIV-infected partner 24.1% (95% CI= 17,1-32,2%) and homosexual intercourse between men 9,5% (95% CI= 5,8-14,5%). HCV antibody prevalence for parenteral drug abusers was 81.2% (95% CI= 76,7-85,1%). Risk practices with a statistically significant association with HIV infection were: being an injecting drug abuser, as well as having an HIV infected and/or a injecting drug abuser partner. CONCLUSIONS: Drug parenteral abusers are still the target population for prevention programs. Data suggest that prevention and sexual education programs must continue. The main effort should be focused on the young population and on sexual partners of injecting drug abusers and/or HIV seropositive partners.
Asunto(s)
Centros Comunitarios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Asunción de Riesgos , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Educación en Salud , Hepatitis B/transmisión , Hepatitis C/transmisión , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Parejas Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , España/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A time series on the evolution of mortality and the masculinity attribute in vesical cancer in Spain (1960-1990) was prepared. The specific rates by age and sex by 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. To attain standardization the same study population was taken as the reference population. Overall mortality rates due to vesical cancer have increased progressively in a linearly ascending trend, though the slope in men is sharper that in women. The females cohort approaches that of males, but with a difference between them of 30 years. By age groups, the higher increase has occurred in those over 75-year old (113% men, 77% women). The masculinity attribute presents variations depending on the age group and decade considered (1.4-10.9). It is possible to establish three groups by masculinity attribute: 20-44 years (average 1.91), 45-69 years (average 7.8) and over 70 years (average 6.3).
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidad , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad/tendencias , Distribución por Sexo , España/epidemiología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
An evaluation was made on the risk of having a second primary neoplasia following vesical tumor diagnosis. All patients attended the 'Hospital La Fe' and had been diagnosed between 1984 and 1993. A total of 238 vesical tumours were studied, 45 (15.9%) with associated second neoplasia; in 34 cases the vesical tumour was the first one to be diagnosed. The number of tumors seen was compared to expected figures, according to the appropriate incidence rates by age, sex and tumour type, taken out from the Spanish section of the 1987 edition of "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents". An increase over the expected values of second neoplasias for lung, prostate, kidney and bone cancer was found. Sixty percent developed concurrently (within 6 months from initial diagnosis). Most vesical tumours were infiltrant, thus conditioning both the prognosis and the second neoplasia. The likely factors implied in this phenomenon are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Our service performed a total of 619 kidney transplants between February 1980 and March 1993. Among them, 41 new neoplasias (6.6%) were diagnosed. Most frequent tumour was epithelioma (25) with a presentation age lower than in the normal population. Amongst the remaining tumours (16), the occurrence of 2 lymphoma and 2 Kaposi's sarcoma should be emphasized, together with the fast evolution progression of the others. Using a multiple regression model, an analysis is made on the influence certain factors have in the development of neoplasias, age being selected as the only significant one. The relative risk transplanted subjects have of suffering some type of neoplasia compared with the normal population is 36.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/epidemiología , Neoplasias Renales/epidemiología , Trasplante de Riñón , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/estadística & datos numéricos , Incidencia , Trasplante de Riñón/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The risk of suffering a second primary neoplasia after bearing a prostate cancer has been evaluated. The study patients attended the Hospital La Fe and were diagnosed between 1984 and 1992. There was a total of 223 prostate neoplasias, 22 of which had associated a second neoplasia and in 12 cases, corresponding to seven tumoral locations, prostate cancer was the first pathology to be diagnosed. Tumours observed were compared to those expected, according to the incidence rates appropriate for each age group and tumoral type, taken from the Spanish section of "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents", 1987. An excess of second neoplasias for vesical, kidney, CNS, bone and lymphoma tumours was found. In most cases, the second tumour was diagnosed between 6 to 12 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer. The patient's prognosis is dependent of the second neoplasia. The possible mechanisms of these associations are discussed in the light of state-of-the-art knowledge.