RESUMEN
The aims of the study were (a) to investigate the prevalence of Sjögren's-like syndrome (SLS) in an unselected population of HIV-1-positive patients and (b) to describe the pathology and immunopathology of the labial minor salivary gland biopsy. Seventy-seven HIV-1-positive patients were asked to answer the validated questionnaire of the European preliminary criteria for the classification of Sjögren's syndrome on oral and ocular sicca symptoms. Twenty-six patients gave one positive answer to both ocular and oral symptoms, and of these 14 (hepatitis C virus negative) consented to participate in the study (patients group). Ten age- and sex-matched HIV-1-positive patients with a negative questionnaire constituted the control group. Patients and controls had: (a) Schirmer's test and slit-lamp examination after Rose Bengal staining; (b) parotid gland scanning with technetium; (c) detection of autoantibodies in sera to Ro/SSA and La/SSB; (d) labial salivary gland biopsy (patients group only). The control group gave negative parotid gland scanning and only one gave a positive Rose Bengal staining test. In the patients group, parotid gland enlargement was manifested by three patients and only one gave positive Rose Bengal staining test. Six out of the 14 patients had biopsies identical with Sjögren's syndrome and five of these gave positive parotid gland scanning. In the biopsies of four other patients, mucoid degeneration of the stroma was found. Immunopathology revealed that the predominant cells were T cells with the CD8 phenotype. None of the patient and control sera had autoantibodies to Ro/SSA and La/SSB, whereas all patients had hypergammaglobulinaemia. The overall prevalence of possible SLS in a mixed population of HIV(+) patients (88.3% men and 11.7% women) was 7.79% which is >2.5 times higher than that observed in normal Greek adult females.
Asunto(s)
Seropositividad para VIH/complicaciones , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Citoplasmático Pequeño , Síndrome de Sjögren/epidemiología , Adulto , Autoantígenos/sangre , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Grecia/epidemiología , Seropositividad para VIH/inmunología , Humanos , Queratoconjuntivitis Seca/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Ribonucleoproteínas/sangre , Glándulas Salivales Menores/inmunología , Glándulas Salivales Menores/patología , Conducta Sexual , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sjögren/inmunología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Xerostomía/diagnóstico , Antígeno SS-BRESUMEN
Intraperitoneal administration of a cadmium (Cd) salt at concentrations of 2.5 and 4.0 mg CdCl2/kg of body wt., caused time-dependent severe liver injury, in Quinster rats, more intense at the higher administered dose. Thymidine kinase, the key enzyme of the salvage pathway of DNA biosynthesis, was strongly affected in liver tissue and serum of cadmium-intoxicated rats. Lower thymidine kinase activity was observed both in liver and serum of rats treated with the higher dose of cadmium, in which the maximal liver injury appeared.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/toxicidad , Cloruros/toxicidad , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Timidina Quinasa/metabolismo , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Cadmio/administración & dosificación , Cloruro de Cadmio , Cloruros/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratas , Timidina Quinasa/sangreRESUMEN
Criminality as expressed by self-reported arrests and convictions was studied in a sample of 294 drug--mainly heroin--abusing subjects, 77.6% of whom had been arrested and 57.1% convicted. The majority had more than one arrest or conviction for a variety of crimes. Arrests and convictions for other than drug offences outnumbered the drug offences. Only a minority of the subjects were responsible for the majority of criminal acts. In half of the subjects, involvement in criminality predated initiation to heroin use. Gender, polydrug use, unemployment, low education level--not injecting heroin as main mode of use--were found to be among the main factors significantly predicting criminality.
Asunto(s)
Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Drogas Ilícitas , Psicotrópicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Adulto , Cocaína , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Grecia/epidemiología , Dependencia de Heroína/epidemiología , Dependencia de Heroína/rehabilitación , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Incidencia , Masculino , Abuso de Marihuana/epidemiología , Abuso de Marihuana/rehabilitación , Factores Socioeconómicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , ViolenciaRESUMEN
Thirty patients with active duodenal ulcer who were Helicobacter pylori positive (HP+) by HLO test and by histology (Giemsa stain) were given omeprazole (OME) 20 mg/d for a two-week period. Estimation of fasting serum gastrin concentration (RIA) was performed before treatment and 24 hours after the last dosage of OME, and HP was searched for an antral biopsies at the end of the treatment as well. Mean fasting serum gastrin concentration increased significantly after treatment in all patients studied (p less than 0.05). However, the increase remained significant only in those patients who continued to be HP+ while no significant increase was observed in those who became HP-. The results could be considered as further evidence of the 'clearing' effect of Omeprazole on HP.