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Objetivo: Examinar e mapear as evidências científicas sobre o compartilhamento de desinformações relacionadas a vacinação contra a COVID-19 entre usuários das redes sociais. Metodologia: Scoping Review, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Estabeleceu-se a pergunta norteadora: "Qual o comportamento dos usuários de redes sociais quanto ao compartilhamento de informações e desinformações em saúde relacionados à vacinação contra COVID-19?". A coleta dos dados foi realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science e EMBASE. Foram excluídos textos publicados antes de 2020, protocolos de revisão sistemática ou meta análise e estudos fora do recorte temático. Resultados: Os 9 estudos tiveram delineamento de pesquisas experimentais do tipo análise netnográfica. Quanto a plataforma de disseminação, é possível observar que o Facebook é a mídia social que mais veicula fake news relacionadas à vacinação de COVID-19 seguido do Twitter (33,3%) e Instagram (22,2%). Evidencia-se a forte propensão de engajamento a publicações de cunho antivacina e disseminação de eventos adversos e/ou efeitos colaterais dos imunizantes com ênfase na Pfizer-BioNTech. O perfil dos disseminadores está associado a figuras públicas e jovens de 18 a 44 anos, que também possuem maior propensão de crença na fidedignidade das informações encontradas. Os estudos associam a queda nas taxas de imunização pelo medo dos efeitos colaterais, incluindo hospitalização, miocardites, coágulos sanguíneos e óbito, bem como a desconfiança governamental. Conclusão: o compartilhamento de fake news é um forte fator de hesitação vacinal gerando medo, insegurança e preocupação.

Objective: To examine and map scientific evidence on the sharing of misinformation related to COVID-19 vaccination among social media users. Methodology: Scoping Review, based on procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The guiding question was established: "What is the behavior of users of social networks regarding the sharing of health information and misinformation related to vaccination against COVID-19?". Data collection was carried out in April 2023 in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. Texts published before 2020, systematic review or meta-analysis protocols and studies outside the thematic scope were excluded. Results: The 9 studies had the design of experimental researches of the netnographic analysis type. As for the dissemination platform, it is possible to observe that Facebook is the social media that most conveys fake news related to the COVID-19 vaccination followed by Twitter (33.3%) and Instagram (22.2%). There is evidence of a strong tendency to engage with anti-vaccine publications and the dissemination of adverse events and/or side effects of immunizations, with an emphasis on Pfizer-BioNTech. The profile of disseminators is associated with public figures and young people aged 18 to 44, who are also more likely to believe in the reliability of the information found. Studies associate the drop in immunization rates with fear of side effects, including hospitalization, myocarditis, blood clots and death, as well as government distrust. Conclusion: The sharing fake news is a strong factor in vaccine hesitancy, generating fear, insecurity and concern.

Objetivo: Examinar y mapear la evidencia científica sobre el intercambio de información errónea relacionada con la vacunación contra la COVID-19 entre los usuarios de las redes sociales. Metodología: Scoping Review, basado en los procedimientos recomendados por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se estableció la pregunta guía "¿Cuál es el comportamiento de los usuarios de las redes sociales con respecto al intercambio de información sanitaria y desinformación relacionada con la vacunación contra la COVID-19?". La recogida de datos se realizó en abril de 2023 en las bases de datos PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science y EMBASE. Se excluyeron textos publicados antes de 2020, protocolos de revisión sistemática o metaanálisis y estudios fuera del ámbito temático. Resultados: Los 9 estudios tenían el diseño de investigaciones experimentales del tipo análisis netnográfico. En cuanto a la plataforma de difusión, se puede observar que Facebook es el medio social que más transmite noticias falsas relacionadas con la vacunación COVID-19 seguido de Twitter (33,3%) e Instagram (22,2%). Se evidencia una fuerte tendencia a las publicaciones antivacunas y a la difusión de eventos adversos y/o efectos secundarios de las vacunas, destacando Pfizer-BioNTech. El perfil de los divulgadores se asocia a personajes públicos y jóvenes de 18 a 44 años, que además son más propensos a creer en la fiabilidad de la información encontrada. Los estudios asocian la caída de las tasas de inmunización con el miedo a los efectos secundarios, incluyendo hospitalización, miocarditis, coágulos de sangre y muerte, así como la desconfianza del gobierno. Conclusiones: El intercambio de noticias falsas es un factor importante en la indecisión sobre las vacunas, ya que genera miedo, inseguridad y preocupación.

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Objetivo: Mapear e examinar as evidências científicas sobre a aplicação da estratégia de atenção às doenças prevalentes na infância no contexto da Atenção Primária. Método: Scoping Review, baseado nos procedimentos recomendados pelo instituto Joanna Briggs. Definiu-se a pergunta norteadora: "Quais evidências científicas disponíveis acerca da aplicação da estratégia de atenção às doenças prevalentes na infância (AIDPI) no contexto da atenção básica em saúde?". Realizou-se buscas em cinco bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, sobre trabalhos publicados entre 2018 até dezembro de 2022. Dos 2227 estudos encontrados, 329 foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra, resultando em uma amostragem final de 08 estudos analisados. Resultados: Os artigos foram publicados de 2018 a 2022, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, sendo 04 estudos (50%) com delineamento transversal exploratório. No que tange a aplicação do AIDPI, 06 (75%) apontaram que a aplicabilidade da estratégia AIDPI ainda é deficitária no atendimento e manejo das doenças prevalentes na infância no contexto do primeiro nível de atenção à saúde, devido à falta de treinamento dos profissionais, escassez de recurso e problemas estruturais. Conclusão: As evidências mostram que apesar do longínquo tempo de criação da AIDPI e os estudo apontam baixo índice de adesão e a inaplicabilidade da estratégia, sua aplicação ainda é negligenciada, o que afeta diretamente nos índices de morbimortalidade infantil por causas evitáveis, passíveis de resolução e atendimento no primeiro nível de assistência à saúde.

Objective: To map and examine the scientific evidence on the application of the strategy of care for prevalent childhood diseases in the context of Primary Care. Method: Scoping Review, based on the procedures recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The guiding question was defined as: "What scientific evidence is available on the application of the strategy of care for diseases prevalent in childhood (IMCI) in the context of primary health care? A search was conducted in five national and international databases, on papers published between 2018 and December 2022. Of the 2227 studies found, 329 were selected for reading in full, resulting in a final sample of 08 studies analyzed. Results: The articles were published from 2018 to 2022, with a quantitative approach to data, being 04 studies (50%) with exploratory cross-sectional design. Regarding the application of AIDPI, 06 (75%) pointed out that the applicability of the AIDPI strategy is still deficient in the care and management of prevalent childhood diseases in the context of the first level of health care, due to lack of training of professionals, scarcity of resources, and structural problems. Conclusion: The evidence shows that despite the long time since the creation of the IMCI and the studies show low rates of adherence and inapplicability of the strategy, its application is still neglected, which directly affects the rates of infant morbidity and mortality from preventable causes, amenable to resolution and care at the first level of health care.

Objetivo: Mapear y examinar la evidencia científica sobre la aplicación de la estrategia de atención a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia en el contexto de la Atención Primaria. Método: Scoping Review, basada en los procedimientos recomendados por el Instituto Joanna Briggs. La pregunta guía se definió como: "¿Qué evidencia científica existe sobre la aplicación de la estrategia de atención a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia (AIEPI) en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud?". Se realizó una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, sobre trabajos publicados entre 2018 y diciembre de 2022. De los 2227 estudios encontrados, se seleccionaron 329 para su lectura completa, resultando una muestra final de 08 estudios analizados. Resultados: Los artículos fueron publicados entre 2018 y 2022, con un abordaje cuantitativo de los datos, siendo 04 estudios (50%) con diseño transversal exploratorio. En cuanto a la aplicación de la AIDPI, 06 (75%) señalaron que la aplicabilidad de la estrategia AIDPI es aún deficiente en la atención y manejo de las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia en el contexto del primer nivel de atención de salud, debido a la falta de capacitación de los profesionales, escasez de recursos y problemas estructurales. Conclusiones: La evidencia muestra que a pesar del largo tiempo transcurrido desde la creación de la AIEPI y de que los estudios muestran bajos índices de adherencia e inaplicabilidad de la estrategia, su aplicación sigue siendo descuidada, lo que incide directamente en los índices de morbimortalidad infantil por causas prevenibles, susceptibles de resolución y atención en el primer nivel de atención de salud.

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OBJECTIVE: Reporting the outcome of two patients who underwent unilateral ablative stereotactic surgery to treat pharmacologic resistant posttraumatic tremor (PTT). METHODS: We present two patients (31 and 47 years old) with refractory PTT severely affecting their quality of life. Under stereotactic guidance, refined by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and double-channel multiunit microelectrode recording (MER), three sequential radiofrequency lesions were performed in the caudal zona incerta (cZi) up to the base of thalamus (VOP). Effects of cZi/VOP lesion were prospectively rated with a tremor rating scale. RESULTS: Both patients demonstrated intraoperative tremor suppression with sustained results up to 18 months follow-up, with improvement of 92% and 84%, respectively, on the tremor rating scale. Tremor improvement was associated with enhancement functionality and quality of life for the patients. The patients returned to their work after the procedure. No adverse effects were observed up to the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency lesion of the cZi/VOP target was effective for posttraumatic tremor in both cases. The use of T2-weighted images and MER was found helpful in increasing the precision and safety of the procedure, because it leads the RF probe by relying on neighbor structures based on thalamus and subthalamic nucleus.

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AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of adding cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, or placebo to patient education and a self-care management program for patients with myofascial pain and specifically presenting with jaw pain upon awakening. METHODS: Forty-five patients with a diagnosis of myofascial pain based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain participated in this 3-week study. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups: placebo group, TZA group (tizanidine 4 mg), or CYC group (cyclobenzaprine 10 mg). Patients were evaluated for changes in pain intensity, frequency, and duration by using the modified Severity Symptoms Index and changes in sleep quality with the use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc or nonparametric statistical tests as appropriate. RESULTS: All three groups had a reduction in pain symptoms and improvement of sleep quality based on a comparison of pretreatment and treatment scores. However, no significant differences among the groups were observed at the posttreatment evaluation. CONCLUSION: The use of tizanidine or cyclobenzaprine in addition to self-care management and patient education was not more effective than placebo for the management of patients with myofascial jaw pain upon awakening.

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UNLABELLED: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on spastic foot in stroke patients in a rehabilitation program. METHOD: Hemiparetic stroke patients (n=21) enrolled in a rehabilitation program were divided into two groups. The first group (n=11) received a total of 300 UI BTX-A, and the second group (n=10) received 100 UI BTX-A. All patients were assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection for Modified Ashworth Score, time walking 10 meters, and the Functional Independence Measure (mFIM) motor score. RESULTS: The higher-dose group exhibited a significant improvement in spasticity, and both groups showed an improvement in time walking 10 meters and mFIM, with no significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that gains in gait velocity and functional independence were not correlated to BTX-A dose.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on spastic foot in stroke patients in a rehabilitation program. Method: Hemiparetic stroke patients (n=21) enrolled in a rehabilitation program were divided into two groups. The first group (n=11) received a total of 300UI BTX-A, and the second group (n=10) received 100 UI BTX-A. All patients were assessed at baseline and 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after injection for Modified Ashworth Score, time walking 10 meters, and the Functional Independence Measure (mFIM) motor score. Results: The higher-dose group exhibited a significant improvement in spasticity, and both groups showed an improvement in time walking 10 meters and mFIM, with no significant differences between them. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gains in gait velocity and functional independence were not correlated to BTX-A dose. .

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da toxina botulínica tipo A (TXB-A) sobre a espasticidade de membro inferior em pacientes pós-AVE em reabilitação. Método: 21 pacientes hemiparéticos foram divididos em dois grupos que receberam doses de TXB-A de 300UI (Grupo 1) e 100UI (Grupo 2) e foram avaliados antes da injeção e 2, 4, 8 e 12 semanas após, quanto à escala de Ashworth modificada, tempo para andar 10 metros e escore motor da Medida de Independência Funcional (MIFm). Resultados: O grupo que utilizou dose mais alta teve melhora significativa da espasticidade. Ambos os grupos tiveram melhora do tempo para andar 10 metros e da MIFm sem diferença significativa entre eles. Conclusões: A melhora da velocidade de marcha e da independência funcional não foram correlacionadas com a dose de TXB-A na amostra analisada. .

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Fasciite craniana é uma lesão benigna rara do crânio, semelhante à fasciite nodular que ocorre maisfrequentemente na infância. Embora seja rara, essa lesão pode mimetizar entidades mais agressivas.Clinicamente, apresenta-se como uma massa indolor e que raramente produz sintomas neurológicos.Objetiva-se, aqui, relatar um caso de fasciite craniana em adolescente de 14 anos, descrevendo osseus achados clínicos, de neuroimagem e anatomopatológicos, além de uma breve revisão da literatura.

Cranial fasciitis is a rare benign intracranial lesion, similar to nodular fasciitis, most frequently occurringin children. Although rare, this lesion can mimic more aggressive entities. The clinical presentationincludes a solid painless lesion, rarely causing neurological symptoms. The purpose of this report is toreport a case of cranial fasciitis in a 14 year-old patient, describing relevant clinical, neuroimaging andpathological findings as well as a brief literature review.

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AIMS: To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the efficacy of intraoral orthopedic appliances to reduce pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders affecting muscle and joint (TMJD) compared to subjects receiving placebo control, no treatment, or other treatments. METHODS: A search strategy of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane CENTRAL Register, and manual search identified all English language publications of RCTs for intraoral appliance treatment of TMJD pain during the years of January 1966 to March 2006. Two additional studies from 2006 were added during the review process. Selection criteria included RCTs assessing the efficacy of hard and soft stabilization appliances, anterior positioning appliances, anterior bite appliances, and other appliance types for TMJD pain. Pain relief outcome measures were used in the meta-analyses, and the QUORUM criteria for data abstraction were used. A quality analysis of the methods of each RCT was conducted using the CONSORT criteria. The review findings were expressed both as a qualitative review and, where possible, as a mathematical synthesis using meta-analysis of results. RESULTS: A total of 47 publications citing 44 RCTs with 2,218 subjects were included. Ten RCTs were included in two meta-analyses. In the first meta-analysis of seven studies with 385 patients, a hard stabilization appliance was found to improve TMJD pain compared to non-occluding appliance. The overall odds ratio (OR) of 2.46 was statistically significant (P = .001), with a 95% confidence interval of 1.56 to 3.67. In the second meta-analysis of three studies including 216 patients, a hard stabilization appliance was found to improve TMJD pain compared to no-treatment controls. The overall OR of 2.15 was positive but not statistically significant, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.80 to 5.75. The quality (0 to 1) of the studies was moderate, with a mean of 55% of quality criteria being met, suggesting some susceptibility to systematic bias may have existed. CONCLUSION: Hard stabilization appliances, when adjusted properly, have good evidence of modest efficacy in the treatment of TMJD pain compared to non-occluding appliances and no treatment. Other types of appliances, including soft stabilization appliances, anterior positioning appliances, and anterior bite appliances, have some RCT evidence of efficacy in reducing TMJD pain. However, the potential for adverse events with these appliances is higher and suggests the need for close monitoring in their use.

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Trigger point injections with different solutions have been studied mainly with regard to the management of myofascial pain (MFP) patient management. However, few studies have analyzed their effect in a chronic headache population with associated MFP. The purpose of this study was to assess if trigger point injections using botulinum toxin, lidocaine, and dry-needling injections for the management of local pain and associated headache management. Forty-five (45) myofascial pain patients with headaches that could be reproduced by activating at least one trigger point, were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: G1, dry-needling, G2, 0.25% lidocaine, at 0.25% and G3 botulinum toxin and were assessed during a 12 week period. Levels of pain intensity, frequency and duration, local postinjection sensitivity, obtainment time and duration of relief, and the use of rescue medication were evaluated. Statistically, all the groups showed favorable results for the evaluated requisites (p < or = 0.05), except for the use of rescue medication and local post injection sensitivity (G3 showed better results). Considering its reduced cost, lidocaine could be adopted as a substance of choice, and botulinum toxin should be reserved for refractory cases, in which the expected effects could not be achieved, and the use of a more expensive therapy would be mandatory.

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Trigger point injections with different solutions have been studied mainly with regard to the management of myofascial pain (MFP) patient management. However, few studies have analyzed their effect in a chronic headache population with associated MFP. The purpose of this study was to assess if trigger point injections using lidocaine associated with corticoid would be better than lidocaine alone, as in comparison with dry-needling in for the management of local pain and associated headache management. Forty-five (45) myofascial pain patients with headaches that could be reproduced by activating at least one trigger point, were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: G1, dry-needling, G2, 0.25% lidocaine, at 0.25% and G3, 0.25% lidocaine at 0.25% associated with corticoid, and were assessed during a 12 week period. Levels of pain intensity, frequency and duration, local post-injection sensitivity, obtainment time and duration of relief, and the use of rescue medication were evaluated. Statistically, all three groups showed favorable results for the evaluated requisites (p < or = 0.05), but only for post-injection sensitivity did the association of lidocaine with corticoid present the best results and ingestion of rescue medication.

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O cisto ósseo aneurismático é lesão hipervascularizada, benigna, localmente destrutiva pelo seu crescimento progressivo, de incidência maior na segunda década de vida. Acomete preferencialmente ossos longos e vértebras. Sua sintomatologia varia desde dor e edema locais, até presença de sintomas neurológicos quando de sua localização vertebral. Relatamos três casos de cisto ósseo aneurismático vertebral acometendo crianças, todas com alterações neurológicas. Os diagnósticos foram firmados através de tomografia computadorizada e/ou ressonância magnética, sendo os pacientes submetidos a cirurgia para ressecção do tumor. Em um dos casos foi realizada a embolização arterial seletiva pré-operatória da lesão. Os três pacientes evoluíram satisfatoriamente, com melhora do quadro neurológico, demonstrando a eficácia da técnica microcirúrgica para ressecção de tumor raquimedular. Discutimos a evolução dos casos e os tratamentos existentes na atualidade.

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Aneurysmatic bone cyst is a hypervascularized, benign lesion locally destructive by its progressive growth with greater incidence in the second decade of life. It lodges preferably in the long bones and vertebrae. The clinical picture varies from pain to local edema and even neurological symptoms when in vertebral location. Three cases of vertebral aneurysmatic bone cyst occurring in childhood and all with neurologic deficit symptoms are described. Computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis. Patients underwent surgery to remove the tumor. In one of the cases, pre-operative selective arterial embolization of the lesion was performed. The three patients progressed satisfactorily with neurological improvement, which demonstrated the efficiency of the microsurgical technique for the resection of the spinal tumor. The evolution of the cases and the current treatment are discussed.

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BACKGROUND: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and peripheral neuropathy are very uncommon in bariatric surgical practice. The literature indicates that these complications tend to strike patients receiving unbalanced diets or undergoing rapid weight-loss. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of the initial experience of a bariatric team in the city of Belem, Pará, in northern Brazil, 5 cases were diagnosed in the first year, 4 of them following gastric bypass and the last one after therapy with an intragastric balloon. RESULTS: All episodes followed periods of severe vomiting, which certainly interfered with intake of food as well as of routine vitamin supplements, resulting in severe polyneuropathy and other neurologic manifestions, mostly damaging motility of lower limbs. Therapy consisted of pharmacologic doses of vitamin B1 along with restoration of adequate diet and multivitamin prescriptions. Physical therapy was employed to prevent atrophy and accelerate normalization of muscle strength. All patients responded to this program after variable intervals without significant sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Thiamine-related neurologic derangements were a cause for much concern and prolonged morbidity in this series, but responded to vitamin B1 replenishment. A high degree of clinical suspicion in bariatric patients and urgent therapeutic intervention whenever postoperative vomiting persists for several days, especially during the first 2-3 months after operation, are the safest approach to these uncommon episodes. It is speculated whether peculiarities in the regional diet of this area in Brazil could have influenced the high incidence of the neurologic aberrations.

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Deficiências agudas de vitamina B1 vinculam-se a quadros neurológicos e graves como síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff e neuropatias periféricas. A imensa maioria é observada na esfera de alcoólatras crônicos com dieta pobre e mal balanceada, porém há um pequeno contingente visto em pacientes com emagrecimento acelerado por tratamento anti-obesidade, greve de fome, hiperemese gravídica, e nutriçäo parenteral sem reposiçäo vitamínica. Neste estudo, é apresentada uma série de pacientes bariátricos que desenvolveral grave neuropatia em conexäo com vômitos e intolerância ao procedimento após a alta hospitalar. Todos os casos tivaram reposiçäo de tiamina observando-se respostas geralmente favoráveis. Discute-se a provável etiopatogenia desta complicaçäo.(au)

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