RESUMEN
The article presents results of the study of archive sources and reference publications. The unknown facts of subsidization of district hospitals of the Irkutsk general-governorship, items and amount of current and supernumerary expenses and sources of financial allocations are revealed. The scope of financial accountability made up by directors and hospital supervisors, office and council of hospitals as well care of charge of patients is impressive. The concrete data concerning food allowance of employees and servants of civilian hospitals and provision of clothing and salaries is presented. The prices of bread, forage and goods permit to evaluate income level of physicians working in the Eastern Siberia. The role of the Department of Public Charity in financing of civil hospitals of the Irkutsk general-governorship in last third of the XIX century is revealed. The article uses terminology corresponding to analyzed time period.
Asunto(s)
Administración Financiera , Médicos , Humanos , Hospitales de Distrito , SiberiaRESUMEN
The article considers the most important demographic indicator of natural movement of population - the natality. The dynamics of age-specific fertility of female population residing industrial highly urbanized areas of the region is demonstrated. The increase of total fertility was established. The dynamics of common and standardized coefficients of age-specific fertility of female population revealed process of aging (motherhood). However, the cleared, accurate net-coefficient of population reproduction indicates that positive dynamics of general, age-specific fertility ensures only simple character of population reproduction in city of Angarsk. The population of cities of Irkutsk and Shelekhov remains in narrowed character of population reproduction. The special coefficients of fertility make it possible to obtain accurate age-specific qualitative characteristic of fertility of female population and to forecast demographic situation in the region.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Natalidad , Fertilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Ciudades , IndustriasRESUMEN
The article considers the process of population aging, which is evidently specific in economically developed countries for last quarter of the XX century. The increasing of population size older than able-bodied age in urban and rural population in the Irkutsk Oblast that is demonstrated by aging coefficient dynamic. In all studied territories increasing of this coefficient is revealed that characterizes transition of aging process in most areas of residence of urban and rural population to the level of III-IV stages (old and deeply old population). The dynamics of average age indicator is characterized by its stabilization at the level of stage II as aging population. The pensionary load on urban and rural population is increasing and it is higher in rural population. The increasing of this indicator is reflected in transformation of aging population (stage II) to old and deeply old population (stage III-IV). In most areas, coefficient of longevity is characterized by its increase in urban and rural population. The heterogeneity of aging differences between urban and rural population is smoothing out.
Asunto(s)
Dinámica Poblacional , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Dinámica Poblacional/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Federación de Rusia , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The article considers chronologies of events of the opening in the city of Irkutsk of the Irkutsk branch of the Society of struggle with contagious diseases, located in St.Petersburg. It is emphasized that socially necessary need for protection against contagious diseases contributed to organization of the Branch of the Society of Struggle with Contagious Diseases. The history of organization of the structure of the Society's branch, the criteria of recruiting the founding members, collaborating members and competing members, including description of their duties are explored. The mechanism of formation of financial allocations and the state of available capital owned by the Branch of the Society are studied. The structure of financial expenses is demonstrated. The role of benefactors and donations collected for needs of struggle with contagious diseases are emphasized. The correspondence of well-known honorary citizens of Irkutsk concerning issues of increasing the number of donations is presented. The objectives and tasks of the Branch of the Society related to struggle with contagious diseases are considered. The necessity of spreading health culture among population to prevent occurrence of contagious diseases is demonstrated. The conclusion is made about progressive role of the Branch of the Society in the Irkutsk Guberniya.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles , Sociedades , HumanosRESUMEN
On the basis of the archival documents, the article studies and provides information on the creation of medical and sanitary bodies, public organizations to provide the refugees of the Irkutsk province with medical care in 1914-1916, to carry out comprehensive anti-epidemic measures to combat the emerging epidemics of diseases characteristic of wartime. The study shows the role of medical and sanitary bodies, committees, commissions to ensure the epidemiological well-being of the refugees. The dynamics of an increase in the number of beds, the number of hospitals, the opening of infectious barracks, an increase in financial allocations for the provision of medical assistance to refugees were noted.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmisibles , Refugiados , Humanos , Saneamiento , Enfermedades Transmisibles/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles/terapia , OrganizacionesRESUMEN
In the XIX century, process of joining of the North-East lands to the Russian empire was completed. The syphilis that spread in XVIII-XIX centuries stroke indigenous population of the Eastern Siberia and out-migrants from other territories. The article attempts to highlight little-studied aspects of organization of syphilitic hospitals and medical care of newly come population and non-Russian communities in northern Okrugs of Yakutsk, Kamchatka and Primorye areas of Eastern Siberia. On the basis of archive materials, the investigation was applied to the most important components of organization of medical care of patients with syphilis: the organization of syphilitic hospitals, history of correspondence and decision-making on funding sources, building of yurts, choice of buildings for hospitals, delivery of medications, invitation and appointment of physicians, medical assistants and healers to assist population with medical care. The role of the Irkutsk Prikaz of Public Charity and the Irkutsk Medical Board in this process is noted. The establishment of syphilitic hospitals in outlying territories of Yakutia, Kamchatka and Primorye was the most important onset of struggle with syphilis epidemic in population.
Asunto(s)
Médicos , Sífilis , Hospitales , Humanos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Siberia/epidemiología , Sífilis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The article presents analysis of historical case of discussion about organization of anti-epidemic measures needed because of one-time arrival of large number of wounded and killed in consequence of counter-revolutionary mutiny in Irkutsk during defense of the White House country-house in December 1917. The problem of burial of fallen soldiers and Red Army men was determined during extraordinary session of the City Duma of Irkutsk with further publication of open letter to the Irkutsk Presidium of the Soviets. The well-reasoned positions expressed by physicians and engineers against burial of the killed in common grave on the banks of the Angara River received no support from the revolutionary government. The chronology of the decision taking had political character.
Asunto(s)
Epidemias , Personal Militar , Epidemias/prevención & control , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
In The Russian Federation, the current epidemic situation of tuberculosis is characterized by stabilization and decreasing of morbidity with simultaneous increasing of number of cases of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection within the structure of newly diagnosed diseases and contingents of patients with tuberculosis. In the Siberian Federal Okrug, the indices of morbidity of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection exceed similar ones by almost twice that testifies significant input into burden of morbidity of tuberculosis in the subjects of the Siberian Federal District and their role in further dynamics of morbidity. The shift in morbidity of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection towards increasing of age both in patients with diagnosed HIV infection for the first time and in entire accumulated contingent of HIV patients. The positive dynamics of indices of efficiency of anti-tuberculosis measures in contingents of HIV-infected patients being registered testifies availability of reserves for improving medical care quality. The priority directions of developing program activities to achieve control over spreading of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection are early detection and increasing of commitment to dispensary observation of patients with HIV infection and decreasing infection of population with tuberculosis and increasing efficiency of treatment of patients with tuberculosis.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Tuberculosis , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Morbilidad , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The level of development of human resources in health care is determined by a number of factors, among which an important place belongs to turnover of medical staff. The turnover, or the process of unscheduled dismissal of staff, negatively affects functioning of the organization in any field, including health care. Although the analysis of staff turnover is widely applied in various fields of activity, relatively few studies are related to problems of assessing causes of this phenomenon in health care. The purpose of the study was to assess the characteristics and causes of turnover of medical staff in state medical organizations of the Irkutsk Oblast. The detailed information about the respondents obtained in the study made it possible to get a concept of intensity and characteristics of turnover of physicians and medical nurses, and to study causes of dismissal of respondents from their previous employment as well as causes that influenced current employment and to assess content and effectiveness of measures of professional adaptation and social support of hired specialists.
Asunto(s)
Reorganización del Personal , Médicos , Atención a la Salud , Humanos , Organizaciones , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
The medical personnel reallocation is the most important resource to ensure sustainable functioning and development of medical organizations and health care system as a whole. The purpose of the study was to assess reallocation of medical personnel of state medical organizations in the subject of the Russian Federation exemplified by the Irkutsk Oblast in 2015-2019. The study permitted to test approaches to application of methods for analysis of reallocation of medical personnel in respect of physicians. The results contribute to development of measures targeted to prevent and to reduce the medical personnel turnover and to increase efficiency of human resources management in health care.