RESUMEN
The article presents the results of analysis of indices of total morbidity of population of the Central Federal Okrug (CFD) of the Russian Federation in 2010-2017. The significant differences in indices of total morbidity between the CFD subjects in certain ICD-10 classes were established. The indices of total morbidity of population during study period (8 years) in the Central Federal District factually didn't altered, while dynamics of indices in other subjects was characterized by multidirectionality. The gap in levels of total morbidity of population in the subjects was significant: from 115,123.6 per 100,000 of population in the Kursk Oblast to 194,404.1 per 100,000 of population in the Orel Oblast. The significant difference in rates of increase/ decrease of indices is noted. Thus, in Moscow decrease rate made up to 10%, while in the Orel Oblast morbidity increased up to 13.1%. Besides, in 2017, the Orel Region took a leadership in rate of increasing of total morbidity in such classes of diseases as infectious and parasitic diseases (39.3%), diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (49.1%), diseases of endocrine system (59,1%), diseases of nervous system (26.8%), diseases of respiratory system (28.2%), diseases of musculoskeletal system (16%), malformations (56%). It is very likely that this trend developed under influence of demographic situation in the subject due to significant increasing of percentage of people older than able-bodied age. The city of Moscow occupies leading position in decreasing of rate of prevalence of diseases and last but one place in level of total morbidity being inferior only to the Kursk Oblast. Thus, in Moscow was noted the most significant decreasing of morbidity in classes of infectious and parasitic diseases (26%) and diseases of digestive system (20.6%). The diseases of blood and blood-forming organs (235.2 per 100,000 population) and mental disorders (2353.5 per 100,000 population) were registered the less. The main contribution into trends of increasing or decreasing of indices is made by persons aged 18 years and older (74.1%).
Asunto(s)
Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Morbilidad/tendencias , Moscú/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
Transition of Russia to marketing economy necessitated reformation of public health system, which, in turn, necessitated economic education of medical staff. I. M. Setchenov Moscow Medical Academy accumulated sufficient experience in the solution of this problem many-year research validated the need in economic education of medical staff under conditions of public health reforms. This paper sums up the results of organization and experimental studies of introduction of public health economy in the curriculum.
Asunto(s)
Academias e Institutos/organización & administración , Educación Médica/métodos , Salud Pública/educación , Economía Médica , Humanos , MoscúRESUMEN
Hungarian public health services are experiencing changes the purpose of which is to establish fixed and guaranteed receipt of financial resources for public health and social welfare, to entrust health insurance bodies with power to command credits, to change the mechanism of financing public health institutions. It is expected that hospitals would be financed on the basis of national system of DRGs being developed since 1986 or according to the principle of "fee-for-service". The Hungarian experience indicates that the changeover from the state system of public health to the insurance medicine requires some time.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Economía Médica/tendencias , Administración en Salud Pública/tendencias , Atención a la Salud/economía , Atención a la Salud/normas , Hospitales Públicos/economía , Hospitales Públicos/organización & administración , Hospitales Públicos/provisión & distribución , Humanos , Hungría , Seguro de Salud/economía , Seguro de Salud/normas , Administración en Salud Pública/economía , Administración en Salud Pública/normasAsunto(s)
Servicios de Salud del Niño/economía , Economía Médica , Pediatría/educación , Niño , Curriculum , Humanos , MoscúRESUMEN
Highlighted are the problems of economic education of medical students. For the organization of such training it is proposed to introduce a programme of continuous education of medical students in health care economics carried out by the 1st I. M. Sechenov Moscow Medical Institute. The programme has been prepared on the basis of an original procedure of drawing up continuous programmes. Activity-associated approach to the learning process and its systematization serves as the basis for the proposed technique. In general the programme represents a system of educational aims in economic training developed from the generalized final aim by specialty through general aims of groups of subjects (hygienic, clinical, biomedical, etc.) to specific aim of a separate subject. The aims are determined by knowledge and skills. The final aim of economic training in medical institutes is defined as development of students' skills to determine and appraise economic efficacy of public health facilities involving the work of separate health workers, the activity of entire health care establishments and the state in general. The programme regulates general aims of groups of subjects but also leaves some freedom for choosing the subjects and the means of their mastering. The subjects' aims are presented as examples of problems to be solved by students. The programme introduction requires no extra schedule time since the solution of problems in economics needs only a few minutes. Thus the study of health economics in medical institutes can be significantly intensified.