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This scoping review addresses the potential maternal health outcomes of abortion restrictions in the U.S. by studying and analyzing the reported effects of abortion bans or limitations globally. The goal was to examine the medical implications for pregnant women who are unable to abort fetuses that have severe medical anomalies due to imposed restrictions. EMBASE, Medline, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published in English concerning the medical implications of abortion restrictions in any country prior to the overturn of Roe v. Wade in 2022. For the search criteria using Boolean operators, keywords included the terms "fetal anomaly," "abortion ban," and "implications." Inclusion criteria incorporated studies published between 1980 and 2021, and controlled experimental research studies aimed to evaluate interventions were excluded. This resulted in 469 records initially found. Duplicate records were removed, and two separate tier reviews were conducted. Eleven reviewers independently screened abstracts and titles of 332 records to ascertain eligibility. Eligibility included pregnant women diagnosed with fetal anomalies, women denied access to safe abortions, and the maternal and fetal medical impacts of this. Three reviewers in the second screening independently read 36 full articles to further assess eligibility, resulting in 14 articles in the final review. Findings from this study showed that abortion bans in countries around the world have led to health complications in women seeking illegal abortion services, a decline in maternal mental health, including stress and depression, various medical complications such as obstructed labor, and an increase in high-risk fetuses born with severe deficits. The findings of this review portend similar negative consequences to be experienced by women who are subject to stricter abortion laws in the U.S.
RESUMEN
Background and objective Since the overturning of Roe v. Wade, there has been an increased interest in vasectomy procedures. This study aims to analyze interest, knowledge, and inquiries about the vasectomy procedure among urology patients and osteopathic medical students since this overturn. It also seeks to determine if this data varies between the ages and sexes of participants. It is hoped that the findings will aid in the development of a standardized educational plan that might be provided to urologists for future use with patients and their partners. Methods Surveys consisting of 10 questions regarding interests, knowledge, and inquiries about vasectomy procedures and the changes in interest following the Roe v. Wade decision were distributed to urology patients and osteopathic medical students. Results Female students had an increased interest in their current or future male partner obtaining a vasectomy procedure compared to a year ago, whereas older urology patients and male students did not. Based on the responses to the posed queries, the most important information to include in a standardized educational plan for patients is the overall risks and their likelihood, the likelihood of reversal, and the procedure's recovery time and surgical details. Conclusion Female students' increased interest in the vasectomy procedure may be due to the recent overturn of Roe v. Wade. Therefore, physicians must counsel their male patients' female partners or interested females appropriately regarding vasectomies, as more may now be interested. Additionally, an educational plan based on this study's data may be utilized with future urology patients. Placing emphasis on what patients want to know may help ease patient's associated anxiety with their future procedure and strengthen the relationship between the patient and physician.
RESUMEN
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a popular model organism in behavioral pharmacology research due to many genetic and neurological similarities with humans. As a social species, the presence (or absence) of conspecifics during housing and testing is likely to affect behavior, but these effects have not yet been well characterized. The goal of the current study was to better understand how social variables influence depth preference in zebrafish. Subjects were housed individually, in pairs, or in groups of four, then tested in a novel tank either individually or with their tankmates. Prior to testing, fish were exposed to 0.0%, 0.5%, or 1.0% ethanol. Behavior was recorded using a combination of manual coding methods and ANYMaze (™) video-tracking. Our results demonstrated more exploration by fish tested with their tankmates, and less exploration by fish tested in isolation. Additionally, the effects of ethanol on diving behavior were modulated by social groups during both housing and testing. We conclude that social variables likely contribute to the variability of behavior often observed in pharmacological research with zebrafish, and that additional effort should be directed to both standardization and further characterization of these variables.