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Gastric trichobezoars are a result of trichophagia secondary to trichotillomania, and can result in severe complications such as perforation or intussusception. We present the case of a 19-year-old female with multiple points of intussusception secondary to a large gastric/small intestine trichobezoar and describe our approach to diagnosis and eventual removal of the bezoar.

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BACKGROUNDS: To compare the complication rates and overall costs of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and plastic stents (PS) in clinically indicated preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) prior to a pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: We conducted an Australian multicentre retrospective cohort study using the databases of four tertiary hospitals. Adult patients who underwent clinically indicated endoscopic PBD prior to PD from 2010 to 2019 were included. Rates of complications attributable to PBD, surgical complications and pre-operative endoscopic re-intervention were calculated. Costing data were retrieved from our Financial department. RESULTS: Among the 157 included patients (mean age 66.6 ± 9.8 years, 45.2% male), 49 (31.2%) received SEMS and 108 received PS (68.8%). Baseline bilirubin was 187.5 ± 122.6 µmol/L. Resection histopathology showed mainly adenocarcinoma (93.0%). Overall SEMS was associated less complications (12.2% vs. 28.7%, p = 0.02) and a lower pre-operative endoscopic re-intervention rate (4.3 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.03) compared with PS. There was no difference in post-PD complication rates. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, stent type was an independent risk factor of PBD complication (OR of SEMS compared to PS 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.79, p = 0.02) but not for any secondary outcome measures. Upfront material costs were $56USD for PS and $1991USD for SEMS. Accounting for rates of complications, average costs were similar ($3110USD for PS and $3026USD for SEMS). CONCLUSION: In resectable pancreaticobiliary tumours, SEMS for PBD was associated with reduced risk of overall PBD-related complications and pre-surgical endoscopic reintervention rates and was comparable to PS in terms of overall cost.

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BACKGROUND: Pancreatic trauma is rare and complex. Non-operative management of pancreatic injuries is often appropriate, and when surgical intervention is required there may be a choice between resectional or more conservative approaches. This is especially true for distal injuries. Operative management of proximal pancreatic injuries is extremely challenging and has less room for conservatism. We sought to characterize the surgical treatment of pancreatic injuries, comparing outcomes for those undergoing formal resection (FR) versus those undergoing more conservative surgical treatment. Our hypothesis was that 'biting the bullet' and resecting is not associated with worse outcomes than less invasive approaches. METHODS: All patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic injuries between June 2001 and June 2019 at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne were included. Outcome measures including length of stay, return to theatre, total parenteral nutrition use, pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal infection and mortality were compared between patients undergoing FR and those undergoing non-resectional procedures. RESULTS: Of nearly 60 000 trauma presentations, 194 patients sustained pancreatic injury and 51 underwent surgical intervention. Over 70% were secondary to blunt trauma. There were 27 FR and 22 non-resectional procedures. No major outcome differences were detected. FR was not associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSION: In distal injuries, where there is doubt regarding parenchymal viability or ductal integrity, FR can safely be performed with non-inferior outcomes to more conservative surgery. Patients with high-grade proximal injuries will usually have multiple other injuries and require resuscitation, temporization and staged reconstruction.

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BACKGROUND: Emergency laparotomies (ELs) are associated with high mortality and substantial outcome variation. There is no prospective Australian data on ELs. The aim of this study was to audit outcome after ELs in Western Australia. METHODS: A 12-week prospective audit was completed in 10 hospitals. Data collected included patient demographics, the clinical pathway, preoperative risk assessment and outcomes including 30-day mortality and length of stay. RESULTS: Data were recorded for 198 (76.2%) of 260 patients. The 30-day mortality was 6.5% (17/260) in participating hospitals, and 5.4% (19 of 354) across Western Australia. There was minimal variation between the three tertiary hospitals undertaking 220 of 354 (62.1%) ELs. The median and mean post-operative lengths of stay, excluding patients who died, were 8 and 10 days, respectively. In the 48 patients with a prospectively documented risk of ≥10%, both a consultant surgeon and anaesthetist were present for 68.8%, 62.8% were admitted to critical care and 45.8% commenced surgery within 2 h. The mortality in those retrospectively (62; 31%) and prospectively risk-assessed was 9.5% and 5.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This prospective EL audit demonstrated low 30-day mortality with little inter-hospital variation. Individual hospitals have scope to improve their standards of care. The importance of prospective risk assessment is clear.

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