RESUMEN
Aim: Root canal treatment (RCT) is a common procedure practiced daily by dentists worldwide. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare clinical studies on the quality of root canal fillings (RCFs) carried out by dentists with different levels of experience conducted worldwide with those conducted specifically in Saudi Arabia (SA). Materials and Methods: A full literature search was conducted in Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Elsevier's Scopus, Embase, CINHAL, and PubMed, without a restriction to studies published before January 2015. Also, a manual search was carried out by checking papers that may have been missed during the electronic search. The following keywords were used: [(quality of root canal filling(s)) OR (quality of root canal obturation)) and dental practitioners as (general dental practitioners; final year students; endodontist; specialist) AND (root canal obturation) OR (endodontic treatment)]. Parameters of the quality of RCFs, such as length, density, and taper, were assessed and counted. Results: A total of 13 worldwide and nine SA studies were included in this review, published between 2015 and 2023. Molars were the most treated teeth, at 42.3% and 40.2% for the worldwide and SA studies, respectively. Cases treated by final year students had the highest percentage, at 60.0% for both study groups. The percentages of acceptable quality, with regard to the length, density, and taper of RCFs, were 70.9%, 77.6%, and 84.3%, and 73.2%, 64.6%, and 67.8% for the worldwide and SA studies, respectively. Conclusion: The overall acceptable quality of RCFs was marginally higher in worldwide studies than in SA studies. Both prevalences can be considered as good, which indicates that the quality of RCFs is moving in the right direction.
RESUMEN
Background: This simulated study of 30 severely curved L-shaped root canals aimed to compare preparation time, aberrations, width measurements, and fractured files of three nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) files, namely, ProTaper, ProTaper Next (PTN), and WaveOne (WO). Methods: Thirty simulated L-curved root canals of resin blocks were randomly divided into three groups. The canals were prepared to a tip size of 25 using ProTaper, PTN, and WO rotary file systems. Pre- and post-operative views for each sample were captured by a professional camera at a standardized distance and position. Blue India ink was injected into the pre-operative canals, and red India ink was injected into the post-operative canals to give a clear superimposition image. Five points were assessed through the halfway of the canal to the orifice (area between the beginning of curvature and apical end point). Preparation time, aberrations, width measurements, and fractured files were recorded and analyzed. Results: Mean preparation time was longest in ProTaper (4.89±0.68 minutes). PTN and WO were the fastest in preparing the canals (about 3 minutes). A statistically significant difference was found between WO and ProTaper & PTN and ProTaper (p=0.000), while the difference was non-significant (p > 0.05) between WO and PTN. Nine aberrations consisting of three zips, one ledge and one outer widening were related to ProTaper, while WO recorded a ledge and fractured file, but for PTN system, it verified an outer widening and ledge. Only one WO file fractured, with no deformation observed in the other instruments. No significance was recorded among the width measurements in the different levels. Conclusion: ProTaper next achieved faster cutting than the ProTaper and WO file systems. PTN maintained the best apical termination position and produced the least canal aberration, followed by WO and ProTaper.
RESUMEN
AIM: To compare cyclic fatigue resistance and bending for three different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 90 NiTi instruments size (25.06) was divided into three groups with 30 files in each: Race Evo files (FKG Dentaire, Switzerland); Tia Tornado Blue files (TiaDent Inc., Texas- USA); One Curve files (Micro-Mega, France). Then each group was subdivided into two groups with 15 files in each; a bending test was performed for one group, and a dynamic cyclic fatigue test at body temperature was performed for the other group. Files fractured by cyclic fatigue were randomly picked from all tested groups for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, the test included measuring the broken part of the files tested using (Electronic Micrometre Calliper with LCD Screen, Inch and Millimetre Conversion, Adoric- Taiwan). Data were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey-HSD post hoc test. RESULTS: It was found that maximum load [gf] was less (meaning more flexible) in the group of Tia Tornado Blue with a statistically significant difference in comparison with Race Evo and One Curve. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) in the Race Evo group was significantly higher than the groups of One Curve and Tia Tornado Blue. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of the study, it could be concluded that Race Evo files were more resistant to cyclic fatigue fracture and Tia Tornado Blue files were more flexible compared to the other tested files.