RESUMEN
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are a new class of green solvents, which can solubilize natural and synthetic chemicals of low water solubility. NADES are mixtures of two or three compounds of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors. Many NADES' components are of natural origin and therefore, NADES are presumed to be nontoxic and often exhibit antimicrobial activity. This work aimed to investigate the potential antimicrobial effect of menthol, capric acid and Solutol™, and their associated eutectic system on two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027) and one fungus (the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231). The results obtained showed a stronger antimicrobial effect for the NADES when compared to their individual components and that they exhibit a promising antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans and good activity against P. aeruginosa. NADES exhibited no observable antimicrobial activity against spore-forming B. subtilis.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Candida albicans , Escherichia coli , Mentol/farmacología , Solventes , Staphylococcus aureus , Agua/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, isotropic mixtures of oil, water and surfactant (and sometimes a co-surfactant), which have shown potential for widespread application in disinfection and self-preservation. This is thought to be due to an innate antimicrobial effect. It is suggested that the antimicrobial nature of microemulsions is the result of a combination of their inherent kinetic energy and their containing surfactants, which are known to aid the disruption of bacterial membranes. This review examines the contemporary evidence in support of this theory.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Tensoactivos , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Emulsiones/farmacología , Tensoactivos/farmacología , AguaRESUMEN
Lipoamino acid nanocarriers based on the interactions between L-arginine and oleic acid were formulated with the aid of Tween 80 and explored as a novel carrier for the oral administration of insulin. The interaction between oleic acid and L-arginine was confirmed by FTIR, DSC/TGA, viscosity and surface tension measurements. The pharmacological activity of orally administered insulin-loaded nanocarriers (10, 25 and 50 IU/kg) was evaluated in healthy rabbits. Insulin loaded in lipoamino acid nanocarriers was therapeutically active as demonstrated by the remarkable reduction in blood glucose levels after oral administration of the preparation. A blood glucose lowering of 80% was achieved 4 h after administration of the oral insulin preparation. In addition, insulin-loaded nanocarriers decreased glycemia in a dose dependent manner, with the maximum effect noticed with 50 IU/kg. Moreover, a significant effect observed 1 h after administration suggested that these nanocarriers could be considered as a fast-acting preparation. These results clearly show that these lipoamino acid nanocarriers hold promising potential for oral delivery of insulin.
Asunto(s)
Portadores de Fármacos , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Nanotecnología , Administración Oral , Animales , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Electroquímica , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Conejos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Tensión Superficial , ViscosidadRESUMEN
A complex of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) with oleic acid and diclofenac potassium (DP) was prepared and dispersed in high concentrations of polysorbate 20, 60 and 80 in water to form a solution which releases its components slowly. The formed complex was characterized using different analytical methods. The size of the resulted nanoparticles and the effect of tweens on size were followed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The release of DP from this delivery system was monitored by altering the molecular weight of chitosan and the type and concentration of the polysorbates used. The most suitable preparation consisted of DP, LMWC 13 kDa, and oleic acid. This was dispersed in 5% Tween 80 and the release was followed by the adaptation of USP II apparatus using a cellophane bag. This preparation offers a release of up to 24 h.