RESUMEN
Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world's major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.
Asunto(s)
Genotipo , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Bahrein/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hepatitis B Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis B Crónica/epidemiología , Hepatitis B Crónica/transmisión , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D has been reported to be common in different regions of the Middle East. The objective of the present study was to examine the predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Bahrainis. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Blood transfusion volunteers at a blood bank. SUBJECTS: Serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone markers and other parameters such age, sex, season and clothing style in the 500 healthy Bahrainis were investigated. RESULTS: In the entire cohort the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 49.4% and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency increased significantly by 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.7 and 1.2 fold with younger age group (P = 0.03), hyperparathyroidism (P = 0.01), low serum Ca (P < 0.001), warm and hot months of the year (P < 0.0001) and female sex (P = 0.002), respectively. In females the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 67.6% and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency increased significantly by 1.1, 1.2, 1.2, 1.2 and 1.4 fold with younger age group (P = 0.04), hyperparathyroidism (P = 0.03), low serum Ca (P = 0.001), warm and hot months of the year (P = 0.001) and conservative clothing style (P = 0.04), respectively. In contrast, in males the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 31.2% and the relative risk of vitamin D deficiency was increased by 1.6 fold in warm and hot months of the year (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of low circulating levels of vitamin D and the relative risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency observed in the present study suggest an urgent need for public health interventions including vitamin D food fortification in Bahrain.
Asunto(s)
Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Vitamina D/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Bahrein/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The association of factor V-Leiden and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C mutations with stroke was investigated in 118 patients with stroke and 120 control subjects. MTHFR 677TT (P < .001) and 1298CC (P < .001), but not factor V-Leiden (P = .179), genotypes were associated with stroke. The C677T but not A1298C MTHFR mutation was associated with elevated homocysteine levels in patients and control subjects. In addition to hypertension, the significant predictors for stroke were MTHFR 677CT and TT and A1298CC genotypes, together with hyperhomocysteinemia, indicating a synergistic effect of MTHFR mutations with elevated homocysteine and other risk factors in pathogenesis of stroke.
Asunto(s)
Hiperhomocisteinemia/epidemiología , Hiperhomocisteinemia/genética , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Mutación/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Factor V/genética , Femenino , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Pruebas Genéticas , Genotipo , Homocisteína/sangre , Humanos , Hiperhomocisteinemia/metabolismo , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/genéticaRESUMEN
The prevalence of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, and MTHFR C677T mutations were investigated among 87 Saudi sickle cell disease (SCD) patients (38 males and 49 females) and 105 healthy controls (65 males and 40 females). The prevalences of factor V Leiden (P = 0.174) and PRT G20210A (P = 0.397) were not different between patients and controls, thereby giving no support to an association of either single-point mutation with SCD. However, an increased prevalence of the MTHFR 677 T/T genotype was seen among patients (8/87) compared to controls (4/105), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.217; OR = 2.56). This suggested a low impact of inherited hypercoagulability risk factors in the pathogenesis of SCD and/or its complications.