RESUMEN
Alfa cypermethrin is a pyrethroids extensively used as ectoparasiticide in domestic animals, insecticidal spray on cotton, vegetables and other crops and to kill cockroaches, fleas and termites in house and other buildings. Previous studies have shown the adverse effect of α -cypermethrin on brain. This study was planned to evaluate the possible role of α-lipoic acid in α -cypermethrin induced toxicity in brain of male albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups. The control, α-cypermethrin, α-lipoic acid and α -cypermethrin plus α-lipoic acid treated groups. The duration of the experiment was four weeks. Our results showed that the administration of α-cypermethrin caused a significant decreased in γ- aminobutyric acid level, acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities and increase in lipid peroxidation in cerebellum. Furthermore, the co-administration of α-lipoic acid mitigates the toxicity of α-cypermethrin by partially normalizing the biochemical parameters. The biochemical observations were supported by histopathological examinations. The findings of this investigation suggest that α-lipoic acid may play a protective role against α-cypermethrin induced toxicity in cerebellum of treated rats.
Asunto(s)
Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Piretrinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piretrinas/toxicidad , Ácido Tióctico/farmacología , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Cerebelo/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Studies were conducted to investigate changes in the extent of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) shedding and diversity of HHV-8 strains in the mouth of a renal allograft recipient who developed cutaneous post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma. METHODS: Matched oral and blood samples were obtained from a Saudi Arabian renal allograft recipient from 3 days before to 38 weeks after transplantation, and from his kidney donor. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols to amplify selected HHV-8 sub-genomic regions were applied to detect and quantify HHV-8 DNA. Sequence diversity was determined by cloning the PCR products and subjecting them to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and to nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS: Before transplantation, the recipient was seropositive for anti-HHV-8 immunoglobulin G, but the donor was seronegative; HHV-8 DNA could be detected in the recipient's blood, whole-mouth saliva (WMS) and buccal exfoliates, and the salivary viral load was estimated as 2.6 million genome-copies/ml. Post-transplantation, the recipient's salivary viral load initially increased to 4.1 million genome-copies/ml, and thereafter declined precipitously, coinciding with an increase in the dosage of valaciclovir given; HHV-8 DNA was detected most often in WMS compared with parotid saliva, and buccal and palatal exfoliates. Carriage of multiple HHV-8 strains was evident in blood and oral samples; whereas before transplantation strains belonging to genotypes A1 and A5 were observed, after transplantation genotype A5 strains became dominant and A2 strains emerged. CONCLUSION: Immunosuppression and antiviral prophylaxis may interact to influence the spectrum of oral HHV-8 strains and the extent of post-transplantation HHV-8 shedding into the mouth.
Asunto(s)
ADN Viral/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiología , Terapia de Inmunosupresión/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/inmunología , Saliva/virología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virología , Aciclovir/análogos & derivados , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Sangre/virología , Neoplasias del Colon/sangre , Neoplasias del Colon/etiología , Neoplasias del Colon/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Variación Genética , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Leucocitos/virología , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mucosa Bucal/virología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/sangre , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/sangre , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , Neoplasias Gástricas/sangre , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/virología , Valaciclovir , Valina/análogos & derivados , Valina/uso terapéutico , Carga Viral , Esparcimiento de VirusRESUMEN
Renal allograft recipients in the Middle East are at high risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. This report describes the extent of oral human herpesvirus 8 shedding and the genomic diversity of the virus in five Saudi Arabian kidney transplantation patients in whom Kaposi's sarcoma had developed. PCR protocols were applied to amplify three fragments of the viral genome from whole-mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal and palatal exfoliates, plasma, peripheral blood leukocytes and biopsy of the Kaposi's sarcoma lesion, and to quantify the viral load in whole-mouth saliva. Viral DNA was detected in all plasma and biopsy samples, 80% of whole-mouth saliva, 20% of each of the other oral samples, and none of the leukocyte samples. The viral load in the cell-free fraction of whole-mouth saliva ranged between approximately 1.2 x 10(3) and 2.2 x 10(6) genome-copies/ml. Genotypically distinct viral strains were evident: intra-lesionally in 1 patient; intra-orally in one patient; between an oral sample and biopsy in two patients; and in four patients, between an oral sample and plasma, and between plasma and biopsy. Thus, in the patients studied, salivary shedding of human herpesvirus 8 was frequent and could be extensive, and they were prone to multiple infections. Measures to curtail salivary viral transmission to pre- and post-transplantation patients might reduce the incidence of post-transplantation Kaposi's sarcoma.
Asunto(s)
Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiología , Trasplante de Riñón , Saliva/virología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/virología , Esparcimiento de Virus , Adulto , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangre , ADN Viral/análisis , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 8/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 8/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/virología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/inmunología , Arabia Saudita , Carga ViralRESUMEN
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-system inflammatory disorder dominated clinically by recurrent oral and genital ulceration, uveitis, and erythema nodosum. Behçet's disease runs a chronic course, with unpredictable exacerbations and remissions whose frequency and severity may diminish with time. Behçet's disease typically arises in young adults, although childhood-onset BD has also been reported. The disease can affect both genders and has a worldwide distribution, although it is more prevalent in countries of the ancient Silk Route. The cause of BD remains unknown, although an autoimmune reaction triggered by an infectious agent in a genetically predisposed individual has been suggested. The treatment of BD is symptomatic and empirical, but generally specific to the clinical features of each patient. The majority of affected individuals do not have life-threatening disease, although mortality can be associated with vascular-thrombotic and neurological disease.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Behçet/fisiopatología , Adulto , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/fisiopatología , Síndrome de Behçet/complicaciones , Síndrome de Behçet/inmunología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PronósticoRESUMEN
MR imaging has become an indispensable tool in the evaluation of knee disorders. It is now widely relied on by clinicians, especially orthopedic surgeons, for guiding arthroscopic procedures and for staging tumor prior to resection. MR imaging has proved so successful that it has largely replaced arthrography in the evaluation of knee problems.