RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To (1) analyze caries-related factors and (2) evaluate caries risk using the Cariogram model for governmental and private orthodontic patients at de-bonding and 4 years after de-bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty orthodontic patients with mean age of 26.4 years were recruited from a governmental (G) group (n = 20) and private (P) group (n = 20) and were examined at de-bonding (T1) and 4 years after de-bonding (T2). The examination included a questionnaire, plaque scoring, caries examination, bitewing radiographs, and assessment of salivary secretion rate, buffering capacity and cariogenic microorganisms. The data were entered into the Cariogram program to illustrate the caries risk profiles. RESULTS: The chance to avoid new cavities was higher in P-group compared to G-group at T1 (58% and 31%, respectively) (P < 0.01) and T2 (77% and 52%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Plaque index was significantly higher in G-group, and fluoride was used significantly more in P-group at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). The chance to avoid new cavities was higher at T2 compared to T1 (64% and 44%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Saliva secretion rate and buffer capacity were significantly increased, and the plaque index was significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: According to the Cariogram, orthodontic patients were less likely to avoid new cavities at de-bonding and 4 years after de-bonding in government clinics compared to private clinics, and the caries risk significantly decreased 4 years after orthodontic treatment for all patients, regardless of the location of treatment.

Asunto(s)

Cefalometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/estadística & datos numéricos , Cara/anatomía & histología , Imagenología Tridimensional/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Ojo/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Humanos , Labio/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Nariz/anatomía & histología , Fotogrametría/estadística & datos numéricos , Fotograbar/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas Informáticos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mandibular irregularity index stability following orthodontic treatment facilitated by alveolar corticotomy and augmentation bone grafting (Cort+). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The irregularity index of 121 orthodontically treated and 15 untreated patient study casts was analyzed at 5 years and 10 years. RESULTS: Cort+ resulted in significantly lower mandibular irregularity index scores at both 5 years (1.5 mm vs 4.2 mm, P < .000) and 10 years (2.1 mm vs 4.1 mm, P < .000) compared with conventionally treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Unmatched samples advise caution with conclusions, but orthodontic therapy combined with Cort+ enhanced the stability of the postorthodontic mandibular irregularity index for at least 10 years in this preliminary study.

Asunto(s)

Proceso Alveolar/patología , Mandíbula/patología , Ortodoncia Correctiva/métodos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

AIM: The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast the orthodontic treatment needs of Dubai school-age school age children as a function of gender and ethnicity. METHODS: A total of 20,880 subjects were screened in 66 public and private school located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The study sample was grouped according to seven geographic regions. The total sample included 9,765 females and 11,115 males. Ages ranged from 9.08 years to 24.4 years with an overall mean age of 14.5 years. Calibrated dentists examined school age children using Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR). PAR scores were translated to Index for Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) scores based upon the description of each of the 31 IOTN line item descriptions that constitute IOTN grades from 1 to 5. Upon completion, statistical comparison of the study variables by gender and ethnicity was applied. RESULTS: Evaluation of IOTN grade by gender demonstrated significantly higher male (2.52) than female (2.47, p=0.002) grade; comparison of IOTN grade by region showed South Asia (2.58) significantly higher than Middle East (2.43). IOTN grade was highest for South Asia males (2.62) which was significantly higher than South Asia females (2.55, p=0.023) and higher than both Middle East males and females (2.45 and 2.41, p=.000). Moreover, average South Asia female IOTN grade was significantly higher (p=0.000) than for both Middle East males and females. Conclusions 1. In Dubai school-aged adolescents, 53.2% of the study sample would benefit from orthodontic treatment and 14.4% were profiled as "treatment require". 2. Within the Middle East region, UAE subjects had higher mean IOTN grade than subjects from Iran, Syria and Yemen. 3. India males had significantly higher mean IOTN grades than Middle East male and female subjects from UAE, Iran, Syria, and Yemen. 4. India females had significantly higher mean IOTN grades than Middle East female subjects from UAE, Iran, Syria, and Yemen. It may be concluded that males and females from India have the greatest orthodontic treatment need in Dubai public and private schools.

RESUMEN

AIMS: To compare and contrast oral health related data related to Simplified Oral hygiene index (OHI-S) in Dubai school-aged students as a function of the population demographics gender and ethnicity. METHODS: A total of 20,880 subjects were screened in 66 public and private school located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The study sample was grouped according to seven geographic regions. The total sample included 9,765 females and 11,115 males. Ages ranged from 9.08 years to 24.4 years with an overall mean age of 14.5 years. Calibrated dentists scored all subjects for Debri, Calculus and Simplified Oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Upon completion, statistical comparison of the study variables by region and gender was applied. RESULTS: Debri, calculus and OHI-S scores were calculated by Middle East and South Asia regions represented by countries with more than 100 subjects per country. OHI-S and debri scores were significantly higher in Middle East (0.90 and 0.78) subjects than South Asia (0.84 and 0.68, p=0.000). In contrast, Calculus score was higher in South Asia subjects compared to Middle East. CONCLUSIONS: • Middle East subjects averaged significantly higher debri and OHI-S scores when compared to South Asia subjects overall. • The highest debri score average was found in Middle East male (Egypt) and female (Palestine) subjects. • The highest calculus score average was found in South Asia male and female (both Bangladesh) subjects. • The highest OHI-S score average was found in South Asia male (Bangladesh) and female (Pakistan) subjects. Debri and OHI-S scores were lowest for Middle East female Iran subjects.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To analyze various caries-related factors in orthodontic patients at de-bonding, and to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in caries risk between governmental and private orthodontic patients immediately after orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional examination was carried out on 89 orthodontic patients aged 13-29 years, mean age 21.5 years. They were divided into two groups based on the center of treatment, governmental group (G) (n  =  45) and private group (P) (n  =  44). The investigation comprised a questionnaire, plaque scoring, caries examination, bitewing radiographs, salivary secretion rate, buffering capacity, and cariogenic microorganisms. Data were entered into the Cariogram PC program to illustrate caries risk profiles. RESULTS: Findings revealed that "the chance of avoiding new cavities," according to the Cariogram, was high in the P-group and low in the G-group (61% and 28%, respectively) (P < .001). Decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS), plaque index, mutans streptococcus and lactobacillus counts, and salivary buffer capacity were significantly higher in the G-group compared with the P-group (P < .05). The total number of caries lesions at de-bonding in the G-group was more than two times higher than that in the P-group (150 vs 68) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The "chance to avoid new cavities" in orthodontic patients at de-bonding was less in the governmental group compared with the private group, as illustrated by the Cariogram. The governmental group also had significantly less favorable values than the private group for most of the caries-related factors.

Asunto(s)

Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Desconsolidación Dental , Programas de Gobierno , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Ortodoncia Correctiva , Práctica Privada , Adolescente , Adulto , Carga Bacteriana , Tampones (Química) , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/microbiología , Índice de Placa Dental , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral , Medición de Riesgo , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción/fisiología , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on enamel demineralization and fluoride (F) retention of two different brushing­rinsing regimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An in-situ caries model with orthodontic bands was used for 8­9 weeks. A total of 20 orthodontic patients participated. They were randomized into two groups: (1) a test group using 5000 ppm F (n = 10) with no post-brushing water rinsing; and (2) a control group using 1450 ppm F (n = 10) with three sessions of post-brushing water rinsing. Orthodontic stainless-steel bands were applied to the two upper first premolars, leaving 2­3 mm of space away from the exposed buccal surface in order to accumulate plaque and provoke initial caries development. The teeth were extracted after 8 and 9 weeks, then analysed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Additionally, oral F retention was compared for the two groups. RESULTS: In comparison to the control group, the test regimen resulted in a non-significant smaller QLF lesion area and a significantly lower average QLF loss of fluorescence (P < 0.05). The highest F retention concentration under the band was found in the test group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of using a 5000 ppm F toothpaste and no post-brushing water rinsing had a greater anti-caries potential and resulted in elevated oral F retention compared to a 1450 ppm F toothpaste with three sessions of post-brushing water rinsing.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Antisépticos Bucales , Aparatos Ortodóncicos/efectos adversos , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control , Pastas de Dientes/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Cariostáticos/análisis , Cariostáticos/farmacocinética , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Esmalte Dental/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Fluorescencia , Humanos , Luz , Masculino , Saliva/microbiología , Fluoruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Fluoruro de Sodio/análisis , Fluoruro de Sodio/farmacocinética , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Desmineralización Dental/diagnóstico , Desmineralización Dental/etiología , Cepillado Dental , Pastas de Dientes/química , Agua , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The hypothesis of this study was that toothpaste slurry rinsing, combined with other simple postbrushing steps (the modified fluoride toothpaste technique [MFTT]), would reduce the number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces. METHODS: The study population consisted of 100 orthodontic patients randomly divided into 2 groups, 51 in the test group (mean age, 16.2 +/- 4 years) and 49 in the control group (mean age, 16.9 +/- 4 years). Each patient was examined before starting orthodontic treatment (baseline) and shortly after debonding (follow-up) in a 2-year study period. At each of these 2 visits, the patients were examined in the following order: interviewed by using a standardized questionnaire, plaque index registration, intraoral clinical examination, and radiographic examination (bitewings). The test group patients were instructed to use the MFTT. The control group patients were given the same fluoridated toothpaste as the test group and the routine clinical oral hygiene instructions. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the test group had significantly better plaque index scores at the end of the study. At follow-up, the clinical (P <0.001), radiographic (P <0.001), and clinical plus radiographic (P <0.001) incidences of decayed and filled surfaces were significantly reduced: 87%, 78%, and 83%, respectively, in the test group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with routine oral hygiene instructions with fluoride toothpaste, the use of the MFTT significantly reduced the incidence of new carious lesions in orthodontic patients. We believe that this simple regimen should be considered in orthodontic clinics.

Asunto(s)

Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Pastas de Dientes/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Índice CPO , Índice de Placa Dental , Femenino , Fluoruros/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Antisépticos Bucales/administración & dosificación , Antisépticos Bucales/uso terapéutico , Higiene Bucal , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral , Cepillado Dental , Pastas de Dientes/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

This article describes the usefulness of Cariogram software in three orthodontic patients with high-, medium-, and low-risk caries profiles. Caries-related indicators and information needed for the Cariogram model were registered. The prebonding decayed and filled surfaces (DFS) indices for patient 1 (15-year-old girl) and patient 2 (18-year-old woman) were >5, while in patient 3 (15-year-old boy), the DFS index was <2. The data were entered into the interactive Cariogram software, which shows the various caries-related indicators. Patients 1, 2, and 3 had 6%, 58%, and 87%, respectively, actual chance of avoiding new caries. Patient 1 had high lactobacilli and medium mutans streptococci scores and a high caries risk. Patient 2 had a high DFS index and low buffer capacity, resulting in a medium caries risk. Patient 3 had low mutans streptococci and high lactobacilli scores and a low DFS index, resulting in a low caries risk. The Cariogram is available free online and is a useful educational model to illustrate a patient's caries risk.

Asunto(s)

Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias/fisiología , Caries Dental/etiología , Ortodoncia Correctiva , Programas Informáticos , Adolescente , Carga Bacteriana , Tampones (Química) , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Resinas Compuestas/química , Índice CPO , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Índice de Placa Dental , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Soportes Ortodóncicos , Ortodoncia Correctiva/instrumentación , Fotografía Dental , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral , Cementos de Resina/química , Medición de Riesgo , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/fisiología , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Cepillado Dental/métodos , Pastas de Dientes/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze caries-related factors shortly after orthodontic treatment and to use the Cariogram computer program to describe caries risk profiles at follow-up in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred orthodontic patients age 12-29 years, with a mean age of 17.5 years, were included in the study. They were divided into two groups (50 in each) based on their prebonding decayed, filled surfaces index (DFS). High (5 > or = DFS) and low (2 < or = DFS) groups were created. All patients were examined after debonding in the following order: interview, plaque score, caries examination, saliva samples, bitewing radiographs, panoramic radiographs, and intra-oral digital photos. All types of carious lesions in both the enamel and dentine were diagnosed clinically and radiographically and included in the DFS index. A paraffin-stimulated whole saliva sample was collected for estimations of secretion rate, buffer capacity, and number of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. RESULTS: The low caries group (2 < or = DFS) displayed a statistically significant difference and low values for the following factors, DFS (P < .001), lactobacilli (P < .001), mutans streptococci (P < .001), and high Cariogram percent (P < .001). The plaque index displayed very close significance (P = .051). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high (5 > or = DFS) numbers before orthodontic treatment ran a higher risk of developing caries. They had significantly higher numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli and had less chance of avoiding new cavities according to the Cariogram.

Asunto(s)

Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Caries Dental/etiología , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Programas Informáticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Tampones (Química) , Niño , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Índice CPO , Esmalte Dental/patología , Índice de Placa Dental , Dentina/patología , Conducta Alimentaria , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Higiene Bucal , Fotografía Dental , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral , Radiografía Panorámica , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/microbiología , Saliva/fisiología , Tasa de Secreción/fisiología , Streptococcus mutans/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven