RESUMEN
Twenty-five structurally diverse compounds have been tested in vitro for their pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activity. Despite the diversity of tested compounds, the relationship comprising structural attributes of the compounds could be established to correlate with the observed inhibitory activity. Compounds that exerted inhibitory action through surface activity were of different profile from the rest of compounds. When co-incubated with orlistat (OsT), important synergistic effects for some compounds (orphenadrine, gliclazide, cefuroxime and sulfacetamide) were revealed, while antagonistic effects were demonstrated for others (camphor sulfonic acid and dinitro salicylic acid). Docking studies for the most active molecules were performed and molecular interaction forces with the PL active site were identified. The results suggested co-binding of OsT along with the other inhibitor in the binding site in cases of synergistic effect but not in the case of antagonistic effect. These results were additionally supported by affinity capillary electrophoresis. In conclusion, synergistic lipase inhibitory activity between OsT and some other pharmaceutical compounds was demonstrated for the first time, which might help improve the pharmacological effect of OsT.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Lipasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Páncreas/metabolismo , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Animales , Orlistat/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , PorcinosRESUMEN
Direct interaction between 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and primary α-amino acids (exemplified by glycine, alanine, and l-valine) in aqueous ethanolic NaHCO(3) at 70-80°C for 24-72 h produced the respective N-(4-oxoquinolin-7-yl)-α-amino acids (6a-c). The latter derivatives underwent reductive lactamization upon treatment with Na(2)S(2)O(4) in aqueous ethanol to afford moderate yields of the corresponding pyrido[2,3-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acids (8a-c). Acetylation of 8a-c using acetyl chloride afforded N(4)-acetylated hexahydro-2,7-dioxopyrido[2,3-f]quinoxaline-8-carboxylic acids (9a-c). The structures, assigned to these new heterocyclic products, are supported by analytical and spectral data. The synthesized compounds (6a-c/9a-c) showed appreciable antibacterial activity as compared with ciprofloxacin.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacología , Acetilación , Antibacterianos/química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntesis química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Quinolinas/síntesis química , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This work presents a new synthetic approach to aromatic and aliphatic polycarbonates by melt polycondensation of bisphenol A diacetates with alkylene- and arylenediphenyl dicarbonates. The diphenyl dicarbonates were prepared from phenyl chloroformate and the corresponding dihydroxy compounds. The process involved a precondensation step under a slow stream of dry argon with the elimination of phenyl acetate, followed by melt polycondensation at high temperature and under vacuum. The potential of this reaction is demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a series of aromatic-aromatic and aromatic-aliphatic polycarbonates having inherent viscosities from 0.19 to 0.43 dL/g. Thus low to intermediate molecular mass polymers were obtained. The (13)C-NMR spectra of the carbon of the carbonate group showed that the formed polycarbonates contain partial random sequence distribution of monomer residues in their chains. The polycarbonates were characterized by inherent viscosity, FTIR, (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. The glass transition temperatures, measured by DSC, of the polycarbonates were in the range 13-108 degrees C. The thermogravimetric curves of showed that these polymers have good thermal stability up to 250 degrees C. The present approach may open the door for novel polycarbonates containing other organic functional groups.
Asunto(s)
Alquenos/química , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos/química , Cemento de Policarboxilato/síntesis química , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Cemento de Policarboxilato/química , ViscosidadRESUMEN
[1,4]Diazepino[2,3-h]quinolone carboxylic acid 3 and its benzo-homolog tetrahydroquino[7,8-b]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid 5 were prepared via PPAcatalyzed thermal lactamization of the respective 8-amino-7-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 8, 10. The latter compounds were obtained by reduction of their 8-nitro-7-substituted-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid precursors 7, 9 which, in turn, were prepared by reaction of 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (6) with each of beta-alanine and anthranilic acid. All intermediates and target compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, NMR, IR and MS spectral data. The prepared targets and the intermediates have shown interesting antibacterial activity mainly against Gram positive strains. In particular, compound 8 showed good activity against S. aureus (MIC = 0.39 microg/mL) and B. subtilis (MIC = 0.78 microg/mL). Compounds 5a and 9 have also displayed good antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC = 1.56 microg/mL and 0.78 microg/mL, respectively). None of the compounds tested showed any anticancer activity against solid breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells or a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Carboxílicos/síntesis química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/síntesis química , Quinolonas/síntesis química , Animales , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/síntesis química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Azepinas/química , Azepinas/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Carboxílicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/farmacología , Humanos , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacología , Quinolonas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The objective of this research was the preparation of new 8-nitrofluoroquinolone models and investigation of their antibacterial properties. The work initially involved large scale preparation of the synthon 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (3), followed by introduction of substituted primary amine appendages at the C-7 position to give derivatives 9a-g, in which the amino group is appended to substituted benzenes or aromatic heterocycles, is part of a primary alpha-amino acid or just a simple primary aliphatic amine. This nucleophilic aromatic substitution step was a very simple procedure since the 8-nitro group of the above synthon facilitated the addition of weak nucleophiles at C-7. All compounds prepared were fully identified and characterized using NMR, IR, EA and MS, and were consistent with expected structures. The prepared targets and the intermediates have shown interesting antibacterial activity against gram positive and/or gram negative strains. In particular, the p-toluidine, p-chloroaniline and aniline derivatives showed good activity against S. aureus with MIC range approximately 2-5 microg/mL. In conclusion, more lipophilic groups seem to enhance activity against gram positive strains.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Fluoroquinolonas/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Fluoroquinolonas/química , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Análisis Espectral , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of irbesartan by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Irbesartan and losartan (I.S.) in human plasma were extracted using diethyl ether:dichloromethane (7:3, v/v) followed by back extraction with 0.05 M sodium hydroxide. Neutralized samples were analyzed using 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (containing 0.07% triethylamine as peak modifier, pH was adjusted with orthophosphoric acid to pH 3.0) and acetonitrile (66:34, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ODS-C-18 column (100 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm) using isocratic elution (at flow rate 1.25 ml/min). The peak was detected using a fluorescence detector set at Ex 259 nm and Em 385 nm, and the total time for a chromatographic separation was approximately 13 min. The validated quantitation ranges of this method were 15-4000 ng/ml with coefficients of variation between 0.75 and 12.53%. Mean recoveries were 73.3-77.1% with coefficients of variation of 3.7-6.3%. The between- and within-batch precision were 0.4-2.2% and 0.9-6.2%, respectively. The between- and within-batch relative errors (bias) were (-5.5) to 0.9% and (-0.6) to 6.9%, respectively. Stability of irbesartan in plasma was >89%, with no evidence of degradation during sample processing and 60 days storage in a deep freezer at -70 degrees C. This validated method is sensitive and simple with between-batch precision of <3% and can be used for pharmacokinetic studies.