RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the prevalence of the vascularized foveal zone, including macular-foveal capillaries (MFC) and congenital retinal macrovessels (CRM), and to analyze the structural characteristics of the macular area in patients with MFC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first phase of the study evaluated the prevalence of MFC and CRM. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was performed, and OCT-A images of the foveal avascular zone were analyzed. In the second phase, two groups were formed: the MFC group (12 eyes, 9 patients, mean age 43.8±10.7 years) and the control group (18 eyes, 17 patients, mean age 43.0±11.8 years). A comparative analysis was performed assessing central retinal thickness (CRT), thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and foveal pit depth. RESULTS: MFCs were detected in 45 eyes from a total sample of 1031 eyes of 536 patients. The presence of CRM was recorded in three eyes of three patients. RNFL thickness was significantly higher in the MFC group in the inferior parafoveal sector (26.50 [26.00; 29.50] and 24.50 [21.75; 26.50] µm; p=0.022) and in the foveal zone (15.50 [14.00; 16.00] and 12.00 [11.00; 14.00] µm; p=0.017). Additionally, patients with MFC had a higher thickness of GCL and IPL in the fovea, inferior, nasal, and temporal parafoveal sectors. The depth of the foveal pit was significantly lower in the MFC group compared to the control group (83.0 [77.4; 101.6] and 128.0 [107.5; 147.05] µm; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MFC was 4.36% (calculated per number of eyes), while the prevalence of CRM - 0.29%. The macular area in patients with MFC had increased thickness of the inner retinal layers and decreased depth of the foveal pit, suggesting potential disruption in the natural process of ganglion cell migration and apoptosis during embryogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Fóvea Central , Vasos Retinianos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Humanos , Fóvea Central/irrigación sanguínea , Fóvea Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Masculino , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Prevalencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Capilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Capilares/patología , Enfermedades de la Retina/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Retina/etiología , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Agudeza Visual , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodosRESUMEN
This review is devoted to the English- and Russian-language terminology of quantitative metrics that are used in the evaluation of images obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The paper presents an analysis of the use of terms characterizing intraretinal blood flow (vascular density, perfusion density, skeletonized density, etc.), area and shape of the foveal avascular zone, and choriocapillaris blood flow. The factors causing the heterogeneity of OCT-A terminology are described, including the lack of a unified international nomenclature for OCT-A, features of their Russian translation, inconsistency of the parameters in optical coherence tomography systems of different manufacturers. The article also considers ways to standardize the terminology.
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Vasos Retinianos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica/métodos , Humanos , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagen , Terminología como Asunto , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Retina/diagnóstico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína/métodos , Coroides/irrigación sanguínea , Coroides/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The article reviews the concept of swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and presents a brief history of the technology, its implementation in modern commercial tomography, the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía de Coherencia ÓpticaRESUMEN
The article reviews the evolution of visual acuity assessment and gives comparison of the visual acuity charts (Snellen vs. ETDRS) widely used in research and clinical practice.
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Pruebas de Visión , Agudeza Visual , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Insufficient and controversial knowledge about the macular drusen (MD), a lack of scientifically proven management methods for drusen and their strong correlation with AMD active progression makes MD an important area of research. AIM: The purpose of the study to assess clinical feature of MD using modern digital imaging technologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with both hard and soft drusen were studied using fluorescein angiography, swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, autofluorescence (both short-wavelength and near infra-red), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in Multicolor mode. The retina, choroid and vitreoretinal interface were assessed on 50 patients with AMD and drusen using different imaging modalities. An additional group of the study was presented by 5 patients with geographic atrophy (GA) formed as a result of soft drusen fading, where retrospective assessment of the OCT scans was performed with special attention to the signs of soft drusen regression associated with atrophy of the overlying RPE. RESULTS: Two types of hard drusen were defined as the reticular pseudodrusen and the cuticular drusen. The qualitative and comparative analysis of data for each type of MD was performed. Vitreoretinal interface evaluation demonstrated the correlation between vitreomacular adhesion and mixed reticular and cuticular drusen. The choroidal thickness assessment in 9 different macular sectors in drusenoid eyes does not reveal a significant difference with control group. All of the analysed drusen-faded-eyes initially had been presented with OCT patterns of "nascent" GA. CONCLUSION: The modern retinal imaging techniques enable new approach to the diagnostic differentiation and description of various macular drusen types. The value of these methods for AMD prognosis is yet to be further investigated.
Asunto(s)
Lámina Basal de la Coroides , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Drusas Retinianas , Lámina Basal de la Coroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Lámina Basal de la Coroides/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Drusas Retinianas/clasificación , Drusas Retinianas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the ganglion cell complex (GCC) changes in projection to the state of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 216 participants (370 eyes) were studied. Patients were divided into three groups: 1-st - 87 MS patients (121 eyes) with a history of optic neuritis (ON); 2-nd - 95 MS patients (186 eyes) without a history of ON; 3-rd - disease-free control 34 volunteers (63 eyes). Thirty-two MS patients (61 eyes) from the cross-sectional cohort were included for longitudinal analysis, follow-up period was 30 (9.5-36) months. Sixteen patients (21 eyes) had a history of optic neuritis. The study included anamnesis, refracted visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) performed with the use of RTVue-100 ÐСТ system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RNFL and GCC thickness was significantly decreased both in MS+ON and MS-ON groups compared to controls. No difference in the annual change of RNFL thickness and GCC parameters between patients with ON and patients who did not have any visual impairment in the anamnesis was found. Changes of GCC were detected only in patients with secondary progressive MS. The study of GCC and RNFL thickness can be used to describe and characterize the level of axonal damage in MS.