RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and bacterial translocation after the administration of 3-aminobenzamide and infliximab in the TNBS model of rat colitis. METHODS: The study group was divided into five categories as follows: group 1: (control), group 2: colitis+saline, group 3: colitis+3-aminobenzamide, group 4: colitis+infliximab, and group 5: colitis+3-aminobenzamide+infliximab. Intestinal mesenteric cultures were incubated on specific agar media plates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, bacterial translocation was evaluated and assessed as colony-forming units per gram of tissue. Colonic tissue samples were evaluated by Western blotting method to detect the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows: group 1: normal gut flora; group 2: eight of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which six of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein; group 3: five of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; group 4: three of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; and group 5: only one sample had exact indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein. CONCLUSION: Altered expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase results in a lower bacterial translocation via infliximab compared with 3-aminobenzamide treatment. Combined treatments emphasized different approaches for the new molecules related to indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
Asunto(s)
Colitis , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Benzamidas , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/metabolismo , Infliximab/farmacología , Infliximab/uso terapéutico , RatasRESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase and bacterial translocation after the administration of 3-aminobenzamide and infliximab in the TNBS model of rat colitis. METHODS: The study group was divided into five categories as follows: group 1: (control), group 2: colitis+saline, group 3: colitis+3-aminobenzamide, group 4: colitis+infliximab, and group 5: colitis+3-aminobenzamide+infliximab. Intestinal mesenteric cultures were incubated on specific agar media plates under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, bacterial translocation was evaluated and assessed as colony-forming units per gram of tissue. Colonic tissue samples were evaluated by Western blotting method to detect the presence of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. RESULTS: The results obtained were as follows: group 1: normal gut flora; group 2: eight of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which six of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein; group 3: five of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; group 4: three of nine samples had bacterial translocation, of which seven of them had positive indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; and group 5: only one sample had exact indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase protein. CONCLUSION: Altered expression of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase results in a lower bacterial translocation via infliximab compared with 3-aminobenzamide treatment. Combined treatments emphasized different approaches for the new molecules related to indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediator. We aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). METHODOLOGY: Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie -restricted diet therapy. At the same time, GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6,and visfatin levels. RESULTS: Periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.001). The visfatin levels of the obese patients were reduceddecreased following the treatments (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels were higher in the O group than in the nO groups (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in O-CP and O-Ctrl groups than in the nO-Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared to the other groups, visfatin levels were significantly higher in the O-CP group but decreased following treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that visfatin and IL-6 levels in GCF are associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, we considered that there might be an association between the lipid profile and periodontitis on systemically healthy individuals.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/análisis , Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Interleucina-6/análisis , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/análisis , Obesidad/metabolismo , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/fisiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/fisiología , Índice Periodontal , Periodontitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Panorámica , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Objectives Visfatin is an adipokine that plays an important role in immune functions as a growth factor, enzyme, and pro-inflammatory mediator. We aimed to determine the levels of visfatin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in both obese/non-obese patients, with/without generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP). Methodology Patients were categorized as obese (O) (n=31) or non-obese (nO) (n=19). Groups were divided into four subgroups according to periodontal conditions: (1) periodontally healthy without obesity (nO-Ctrl); (2) GCP without obesity (nO-CP); (3) periodontally healthy with obesity (O-Ctrl); and (4) GCP with obesity (O-CP). Demographic variables, anthropometric and laboratory data were recorded. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 3rd months after either non-surgical periodontal treatment or calorie -restricted diet therapy. At the same time, GCF samples were taken from patients to analyze TNF-alpha, IL-6,and visfatin levels. Results Periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in the O group than in the nO group (P<0.001). The visfatin levels of the obese patients were reduceddecreased following the treatments (P<0.05). Cholesterol levels were higher in the O group than in the nO groups (P<0.05). IL-6 levels were higher in O-CP and O-Ctrl groups than in the nO-Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared to the other groups, visfatin levels were significantly higher in the O-CP group but decreased following treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that visfatin and IL-6 levels in GCF are associated with the pathogenesis of obesity and periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, we considered that there might be an association between the lipid profile and periodontitis on systemically healthy individuals.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Citocinas/análisis , Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Interleucina-6/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/análisis , Obesidad/metabolismo , Periodontitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Valores de Referencia , Radiografía Panorámica , Biomarcadores/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Índice Periodontal , Citocinas/fisiología , Interleucina-6/fisiología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/fisiología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/fisiología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
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Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Compuestas/farmacología , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Treponema denticola/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , ADN Bacteriano , Placa Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Placa Dental/microbiología , Femenino , Recesión Gingival/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/prevención & control , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Prevotella intermedia/genética , Estudios Prospectivos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Treponema denticola/genéticaRESUMEN
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between subgingival restorations and the target periodontopathogenic bacteria (Pg, Td and Pi) in subgingival biofilm during one year after combined restorative-periodontal treatment. Material and Methods Seventeen systemically healthy subjects, who were positive for the presence of three cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions in three different adjacent teeth, were included in the study. A total of 51 combined defects were treated with connective tissue graft plus a nanofilled composite resin (NCR+CTG), a resin-modified glass ionemer cement (RMGI+CTG) and a fluoride-releasing resin material with pre-reacted glass (PRG), called giomer (Giomer+CTG). Periodontal clinical measurements and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from all combined defects at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the surgery. The number of bacteria were evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Results No statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of Pg, Td and Pi was observed in any of the groups at any time points (p>0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of DNA copies of the bacteria at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, regardless of treatment group (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that subgingivally placed NCR, RMGI and giomer restorations can show similar effects on periodontopathogenic bacteria in the treatment of gingival recessions that are associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efectos de los fármacos , Prevotella intermedia/efectos de los fármacos , Resinas Compuestas/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Treponema denticola/efectos de los fármacos , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/farmacología , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/prevención & control , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , ADN Bacteriano , Estudios Prospectivos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis de Varianza , Resultado del Tratamiento , Porphyromonas gingivalis/genética , Prevotella intermedia/genética , Placa Dental/microbiología , Placa Dental/tratamiento farmacológico , Treponema denticola/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/estadística & datos numéricos , Recesión Gingival/terapia , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: An increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. P. gingivalis has been noted to have a different way of interacting with the innate immune response of the host compared to other pathogenic bacteria, which is a recognized feature that inhibits CXCL8 expression. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine if P. gingivalis infection modulates the inflammatory response of gingival stromal stem cells (G-MSSCs), including the release of CXCL8, and the expression of TLRs and if immunomodulatory L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 could prevent CXCL8 inhibition in experimental inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: G-MSSCs were pretreated with L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 and then stimulated with P. gingivalis ATCC33277. CXCL8 and IL-10 levels were investigated with ELISA and the TLR-4 and 2 were determined through flow cytometer analysis. RESULTS: CXCL8 was suppressed by P. gingivalis and L. rhamnosus ATCC9595, whereas incubation with both strains did not abolish CXCL8. L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 scaled down the expression of TLR4 and induced TLR2 expression when exposed to P. gingivalis stimulation (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 can modulate the inflammatory signals and could introduce P. gingivalis to immune systems by inducing CXCL8 secretion.
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Interleucina-8/análisis , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/inmunología , Probióticos/farmacología , Adhesión Bacteriana/inmunología , Células Cultivadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-8/inmunología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Receptor Toll-Like 4/análisis , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT An increasing body of evidence suggests that the use of probiotic bacteria is a promising intervention approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a polymicrobial etiology. P. gingivalis has been noted to have a different way of interacting with the innate immune response of the host compared to other pathogenic bacteria, which is a recognized feature that inhibits CXCL8 expression. Objective The aim of the study was to determine if P. gingivalis infection modulates the inflammatory response of gingival stromal stem cells (G-MSSCs), including the release of CXCL8, and the expression of TLRs and if immunomodulatory L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 could prevent CXCL8 inhibition in experimental inflammation. Material and Methods G-MSSCs were pretreated with L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 and then stimulated with P. gingivalis ATCC33277. CXCL8 and IL-10 levels were investigated with ELISA and the TLR-4 and 2 were determined through flow cytometer analysis. Results CXCL8 was suppressed by P. gingivalis and L. rhamnosus ATCC9595, whereas incubation with both strains did not abolish CXCL8. L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 scaled down the expression of TLR4 and induced TLR2 expression when exposed to P. gingivalis stimulation (p<0.01). Conclusions These findings provide evidence that L. rhamnosus ATCC9595 can modulate the inflammatory signals and could introduce P. gingivalis to immune systems by inducing CXCL8 secretion.
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Humanos , Adulto Joven , Interleucina-8/análisis , Porphyromonas gingivalis/inmunología , Probióticos/farmacología , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/fisiología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/microbiología , Periodontitis/microbiología , Adhesión Bacteriana/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Células Cultivadas , Interleucina-8/inmunología , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Interleucina-10 , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Receptor Toll-Like 4/análisis , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Citometría de Flujo , Inmunidad InnataRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a dishwasher or different chemical agents, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, and 50% white vinegar, for toothbrush disinfection. Sixty volunteers were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 10). Participants brushed their teeth using toothbrushes with standard bristles, and they disinfected the toothbrushes according to instructed methods. Bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes was compared between the experimental groups and the control group. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan's multiple range tests, with 95% confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes from individuals in the experimental groups differed from those in the control group (p < 0.05). The most effective method for elimination of all tested bacterial species was 50% white vinegar, followed in order by 2% NaOCl, mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, dishwasher use, and tap water (control). The results of this study show that the most effective method for disinfecting toothbrushes was submersion in 50% white vinegar, which is cost-effective, easy to access, and appropriate for household use.
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Dispositivos para el Autocuidado Bucal/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Cepillado Dental/instrumentación , Ácido Acético/química , Antibacterianos/química , Clorhexidina/química , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Desinfectantes Dentales/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmersión , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a dishwasher or different chemical agents, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, and 50% white vinegar, for toothbrush disinfection. Sixty volunteers were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 10). Participants brushed their teeth using toothbrushes with standard bristles, and they disinfected the toothbrushes according to instructed methods. Bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes was compared between the experimental groups and the control group. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Duncan's multiple range tests, with 95% confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes from individuals in the experimental groups differed from those in the control group (p < 0.05). The most effective method for elimination of all tested bacterial species was 50% white vinegar, followed in order by 2% NaOCl, mouthrinse containing essential oils and alcohol, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, dishwasher use, and tap water (control). The results of this study show that the most effective method for disinfecting toothbrushes was submersion in 50% white vinegar, which is cost-effective, easy to access, and appropriate for household use.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Dispositivos para el Autocuidado Bucal/microbiología , Desinfección/métodos , Cepillado Dental/instrumentación , Ácido Acético/química , Antibacterianos/química , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Clorhexidina/química , Desinfectantes Dentales/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Inmersión , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
This study aimed to assess the transit tolerance of potential probiotic dairy Lactobacillus strains in human uppergastrointestinal tract in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of EPS production on the viability and adhesion of these strains. Survival and adhesion of two exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains (B3 and B2) and E. coli ATCC11229 were assessed after the exposure of different pH (gastric juice) and gastric plus pancreatic juice challenges. In the artificial gastric juice (pH 2), both the viability of the strain B3 and B2 was decreased. Artificial juice treatments significantly reduced the adhesion to caco-2 cells (P< 0.05). High EPS-producing B3 survived better in the adverse gastrointestinal conditions and showed better ability of adhesion to Caco-2 cells when assessed for competition with E. coli ATCC 11229 compared to low EPS-producing B2. This investigation showed that EPS production could be affected or be involved in the viability, adherence and competition of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains and support the potential of B3 strain for development of new probiotic products.