RESUMEN

It has recently been observed that microorganisms in the gut can regulate brain processes through the gut microbiota-brain axis, affecting pain, depression, and sleep quality. Consequently, prebiotics and probiotics may potentially improve physical, psychological, and cognitive states in those with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) who have an altered microbiota balance. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the effects of probiotic and prebiotic treatments on pain, sleep, quality of life, and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in FMS, 53 female participants with FMS were randomised to receive either: 1) 4 × 1010 CFUs per day for the 18 patients in the probiotics group; 2) 10 g dose inulin per day for the 17 patients in the prebiotic group; or 3) a placebo for 8 weeks for the 18 patients in this group. The mean ages of the groups were similar and there was no significant difference between the groups. The impact of FMS on pain, sleep quality, quality of life, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks post-intervention. Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the Beck Depression Index (BDI), Beck Anxiety Index (BAI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores compared to baseline, while prebiotic supplementation only significantly decreased PSQI scores. Moreover, participants who received probiotic treatment presented a significantly reduced Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score compared with those who received placebo treatment, after the interventions. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and pain scores compared to those at baseline in FMS patients, while prebiotic supplementation significantly improved pain scores and sleep quality. The potential benefits of using probiotics for treatment management in FMS patients is supported by the results of the current study and might provide an important strategy to combat FMS-associated diseases.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to expand our existing information on changes in the regulation of motor movement and behaviour by investigating the effects of unilateral and bilateral lesions on the claustrum (CL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 36 Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups. An electrical lesion was created with a constant current source in the unilateral and bilateral anterior clastrum using a stereotaxic frame in rats. The lesioned groups and the control group underwent an automatic behaviour recording device such as mobilisation, freezing, eating, drinking behaviour, grooming, turning, etc. behaviour was recorded and analysed. Simultaneously, ultrasonic sounds in rats were examined with ultrasonic sound recording program. Anxiety was then reassessed with the elevated plus maze test. Data were compared with the control group. Rats were eventually sacrificed and the brain tissue was post-fixed. Histochemical examination was done and lesions' existence was confirmed. RESULTS: In this study, lesions of ventral of CL can cause increase in spontaneous behaviours such as freezing and rearing. And, it has been shown to cause a statistically significant change. In addition to the behavioural changes, right CL lesions have caused a significant increase in drinking behaviour associated with increased anxiety. All operated groups showed a significant decrease in clockwise and counterclockwise rotation movements. CONCLUSION: Experimental results show that CL lesions influence spontaneous behaviour which indicate the need for new studies to understand the role of CL in anxiety-depression.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: Metoclopramide is an effective and commonly used medication in acute migraine treatment but an experimental evidence base is lacking. We aimed to investigate the antimigraine effect of metoclopramide in a migraine model and whether the analgesic effect of metoclopramide was likely to be D2 receptor-mediated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cortical spreading depression (CSD) was used to model migraine in adult male Wistar rats. Five CSDs were induced by pinprick. Metoclopramide (two different doses), raclopride, or 0.9% saline were administered 30 min before CSD induction. Two hours after the experiments, brain tissues were examined for c-fos activation. RESULTS: In metoclopramide groups brain stem c-fos expression was significantly lower than in the CSD side of the saline group (P = 0.002). In the raclopride group, ipsilateral brain stem c-fos expression was also lower than in the saline group (P = 0.002). No difference in c-fos expression in the ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis between the raclopride and metoclopramide groups was observed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Metoclopramide is shown to suppress trigeminovascular activation for the first time, providing an experimental basis for its role in migraine. The analgesic effect of metoclopramide is likely to be mediated by D2 receptors since raclopride, a selective D2 receptor antagonist, suppresses trigeminovascular activation similarly.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bispectral index (BIS) monitoring on hemodynamic parameters, drug consumption and awareness during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil and propofol in lumbar discectomies. After institutional ethical committee approval, ASAI-II 56 patients were divided as control and BIS groups. Anesthesia was induced by bolus remifentanil 1 mug/kg in both groups; propofol 2 mg/kg in was used in the control group while propofol was titrated to BIS 45- 65 values in the BIS group. Anesthesia was maintained by remifentanil and propofol infusions. Drug consumption, time to extubation and awareness were recorded. Demographic parameters were similar between the groups. Consumption of propofol was lower, and time to extubation was shorter in the BIS group; there was no difference between awareness among groups. BIS monitoring was helpful for propofol titration and decreased propofol consumption, but not enough to prevent reaction to noxious stimuli. Standard anesthesia titration considering hemodynamic parameters was enough for most ASA I-II patients for lumbar discectomies. BIS might be more helpful for patients who cannot show hemodynamic responses to noxious stimuli. More studies are needed to investigate the correlation between positioning and awareness using BIS monitoring.

Asunto(s)