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Objective: This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects of an extract from Pelargonium graveolens leaves and green-synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a mouthwash when used as a substitute for commercial mouthwashes. Human dermal fibroblasts from neonates (HDFn) were used in this study that done in vitro, because their characteristics were nearly identical to those of human gingival fibroblasts. Method: In this study, the green synthesis of AuNPs using extracts from P. graveolens leaves was investigated as a sustainable and economical method. Then, using a range of analytical techniques, the physicochemical properties were evaluated, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), so the preparations and analytical techniques of P. graveolens gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) take little time is about 10 days. The current study used the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide Mosmann's Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) to study the cytotoxic effects of P. graveolens leaf extract with P. graveolens gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing a human fibroblast-derived standard cell line. Results: Various doses (1000, 500, 250, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 µg/mL) of P. graveolens AuNPs were used to assess cytotoxicity, demonstrating little cytotoxic effects (approximately below 20% toxicity). A high level of biocompatibility was observed between the P. graveolens AuNPs and normal human fibroblasts. Conclusion: The mouthwash made using green synthetic AuNPs obtained from P. graveolens leaf extract show high level of biocompatibility and has low cytotoxicity. Therefore, herbal mouthwash formulations can serve as a viable substitute for chemical mouthwashes.

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High-grade calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has been successfully synthesized from municipal alumina waste and limestone under mild reaction conditions. Mineralogical composition and microstructure of the sintered mixes were investigated using X-ray diffraction and FESEM; valuable cementing phases such as CA, CA2, and C12A7 were observed in addition to the C3A phase that was detected in the mixes with high CaCO3 content. Mix CA60 containing 60 wt% alumina waste has achieved the best sinterability (less than 1 vol% porosity) and the highest densification (~ 2.65 g/cm3 bulk density) at 1450 °C. Densification, cold-crushing strength (CCS), and microstructure of the hydrated cement samples (From Mix CA60) were investigated. The cast cement specimens revealed better density and CCS characteristics (63.1 and 74 MPa at 7 and 28 days, respectively) in comparison with the commercial cement. Conventional castables (5 × 5 × 5 cm3) were prepared from mixtures composed of 15 wt% cement and 85 wt% aggregates (40% Al2O3), where CA60 and commercial cement were used to compare the effect of the manufactured CA60 cement with the commercial one. The castables prepared with CA60 cement have shown a higher strength at 110 °C with 4.5 MPa when compared to the commercial CAC at the same temperature (1.8 MPa). Accordingly, this study contributes not only to preserving the environment from the accumulation of industrial wastes but also to valorizing and adding value to these wastes.

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Background: Using meta-regression, this article aims at establishing the minimum change in BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) needed to improve lipid profiles and blood pressure in children and adolescents with obesity, to aid future trials and guidelines. Methods: Studies with participants involved in lifestyle interventions, aged 4-19 years, with a diagnosis of obesity according to defined BMI thresholds, were considered for inclusion in a large systematic review. Interventions had to report pre- and post-intervention (or mean change in) BMI-SDS, plus either systolic blood pressure (SBP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and/or triglycerides (TGs). Random-effects meta-regression quantified the relationship between mean change in BMI-SDS and mean change in cardiovascular outcomes. Results: Seventy-one papers reported various cardiovascular measurements and mean change in BMI-SDS. Fifty-four, 59, 46, and 54 studies were analyzed, reporting a change in SBP, HDL, LDL, and TG, respectively. Reduction in mean BMI-SDS was significantly related to improvements in SBP, LDL, TG, and HDL (p < 0.05); BMI-SDS reductions of 1, 1.2, and 0.7 ensured a mean reduction of SBP, LDL, and TG, respectively, although an equivalent value for HDL improvement was indeterminate. Conclusion: Reductions in mean BMI-SDS of >1, >1.2, or >0.7 are likely to reduce SBP, LDL, and TG, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal duration, intensity, and setting for interventions. Consistency is required regarding derived BMI values to facilitate future systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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Awareness and knowledge about any disease is the first step to prevent and treat it, so this study evaluates osteoporosis awareness and knowledge in university students. Our results showed a high awareness and good knowledge of osteoporosis. Females were better informed than males. Knowledge increased with increasing education level. PURPOSE: Osteoporosis is a worldwide health problem, including Saudi Arabia where vitamin D deficiency is common. Prevention of osteoporosis must begin by increasing awareness of the disease from a young age. This study aimed to assess awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis among young adults (18-30 years) attending Saudi universities, exploring the relationship between education and gender and the sources of information in this age group. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 337 students (176 females; 161 males) randomly selected from four Saudi universities during January-December 2017. Education level ranged from preparatory year to undergraduate and postgraduate levels. A self-reported questionnaire was designed to assess awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis across several domains, including risk factors for the disease, prevalence, symptoms, prevention, and treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 92% of students had some awareness of osteoporosis through a variety of sources, predominantly via friends. Just over half of all students had a good or high knowledge level overall (53.4 ± 16.6%). Knowledge score correlated with education (r2 = 0.28) and gender (r2 = 0.27); p < 0.0001. Females were better informed than males (57.7 ± 15.4% vs 48.8 ± 16.8%; p < 0.0001). Knowledge increased with increasing education level (preparatory year (47.8 ± 15.3%), undergraduate (53.5 ± 16.5%), and postgraduate (61.8 ± 15.8%); all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Knowledge of osteoporosis was good among university students in Saudi Arabia, higher in females and with increasing years of education. Overall, students were more knowledgeable about risk factors compared to other aspects such as symptoms, prevention, or treatment of osteoporosis.

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The conducted dynamic rheovasographic investigations in 67 patients with neurological manifestations of lumbosacral osteochondrosis as well as determination of skin temperature in 162 patients, and employment of stimulation electromyography in 40 patients showed the presence of definite positive shifts (P < 0.001) both in patients with lumboischialgia and in those with the radicular pain syndrome, which fact was evidenced by the clinical data suggesting to us the feasibility of use of osteoperiostal electropuncture combined with laseropuncture with infrared radiation.

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Efforts have been done to recover proteins from waste liquors rich in protein in a soluble form. Cheese whey and animal bloods are by-products from the manufacture of cheese and meat. It contains a variety of proteins which can be reclaimed. The efficiency of protein precipitation from the sweet-cheese whey by the use of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was similar to that precipitated by the use of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Both are greater than that precipitated by trichloro acetic acid. The same results of the efficiency of precipitation were attained when the plasma was precipitated. It was found that cheese-whey protein-HEC-complex and plasma protein-HEC-complex contain a large amount of essential amino acids. Electrophoretic separation of whey protein complex showed that beta-Lactoglobulin forms the major fraction while in case of plasma protein complex albumin forms the major fraction. The fractionation patterns of different complexes with HEC, CMC or TCA gave the same components and about the same ratio. It appears from these results that HEC-protein complexes are preferable than CMC-protein complexes or proteins precipitated by TCA. Chemical analysis of whey protein complexes revealed that lactose content of whey protein-HEC-complex was higher than that of CMC-complex or protein precipitated by TCA. Elemental analysis of protein complexes showed that the level of sodium, phosphorus, and potassium was increased while that of copper or zinc decreased. Cellulose derivative protein complexes showed no significant effects on the liver or kidney function of albino rat and these results indicted that no toxic effect was observed from the uses of these protein complexes in feeding.

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Cyromazine was fed to Luhmann hens at 0.15 ppm level supplemented the basal diet for 3 weeks. The build up of cyromazine residues in liver and muscles of hens up to 7th day, the balance between cyromazine intake and elimination had taken place between 7 and 10 days. After cyromazine was withdrawn from the diet its residues was depleted within 7 days. During the 3 weeks of feeding on the treated diet, the accumulated residues reduced the blood glucose and hepatic protein significantly up to 2 weeks, while the hepatic lipids was slightly increased on the 7th day. Also such residues had adverse effects on the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and transaminases (GOT, GPT) and extend on red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin content (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) compared with the untreated hens.

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The specific activity parameters of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in adult and immature stages of earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) were determined. The results show that the tissues of immature and adult stages differ in their affinity rate (Ka) to substrate and maximum enzymic hydrolysis (Vmax). The AChE form of adult stage had higher Vmax value, while the most higher Ka value was shown in the AChE of the immature stage. The studies of inhibition power on the two sources of ACChE indicated that the highest bimolecular inhibition constant value (Ki) was obtained by carbofuran on the AChE of the adult tissues, while aldicarb was the most potent on the immature tissues. The inhibition progress of the AChE by aldicarb was relatively rapid more than the other two tested inhibitors: carbofuran and methomyl.

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