RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: With COVID-19 vaccination underway, this study aimed to understand belief, attitude and intention of the people in the South Asia region towards the vaccine. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaires among 18201 individuals in four South Asian countries; Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Nepal between January 17 and February 2, 2021. We used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to identify the predictors related to vaccine acceptance. STATA (v16.1) was used for all analyses. RESULTS: The percentage of respondents willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was 65%, 66%, 72% and 74% for Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal, respectively. Perceived destructive impact of COVID-19, positive perception of vaccines and concern about possible side effects were significant in modifying respondents' intentions.. In multivariable logistic regression, age, sex, marital status, education, comorbidities, worry about getting infected, perceived COVID-19 impact, belief regarding vaccine efficacy, positive attitude towards mandatory measures, and vaccine availability were found to be associated with vaccine acceptance across countries. CONCLUSION: Nearabout two-third of the respondants were willing to take COVID-19 vaccine in the four South Asia countries.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunación , Eficacia de las VacunasRESUMEN
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni a non-caloric, safe and natural sweetener has been shown pharmaceutically important in the management of blood disorders. This study was designed to investigate hematology and safety of stevia aqueous extract through animal modeling. For this purpose, fifty albino rats were categorized into 5 groups and all the groups were received aqueous stevia extract at different dosage levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm/kg b. wt) for 8 weeks except control group. Hematological and toxicological analyses were conducted using standard recommended procedures. The results indicated that biochemical parameters (RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils) of albino rats significantly (P<0.05) increased and PLT, MPV and monocytes levels non-significantly decreased by using aqueous extract of stevia at different levels after eight weeks of study. Furthermore, Stevia aqueous extracts had non-toxic effect on liver functioning tests. However, stevia aqueous extracts were insignificant in their impression regarding organ to body weight ratios. The stevia aqueous extract has positive effect on hematological parameters of albino rats and is toxicologically safe. Therefore it could be used as a natural remedy for the management of hematological disorders without any health hazards.
Asunto(s)
Células Sanguíneas/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Stevia , Animales , Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Pruebas Hematológicas , Hígado/enzimología , Pruebas de Función Hepática , Masculino , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Hojas de la Planta , Ratas , Medición de Riesgo , Stevia/química , Stevia/toxicidad , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) natural, safe, non-toxic, non-caloric sugar substitute is rich source of pharmacologically important glycoside stevioside that is linked to the pathology and complications of hyperlipidemia. METHODS: The present research was carried out to explore the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves in albino rats. For this purpose, hyperlipidemia was induced by administration of Cholesterol (90% E, Appli Chem, Darmstadt, Germany) mixed at dose of 400 mg/kg body weight of rats in their daily routine feed. The hyperlipidemic rats were administered with aqueous stevia extract at different dose levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm/kg b.w.) for 8 weeks; the control rats were fed basal diet during this period. Ethical approval for the current research was obtained from Institutional Review Board Faculty of Science & Technology Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan. RESULTS: Stevia aqueous extract decreased the body weight gain by lowering the feed intake of hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, administration of stevia extract at different levels significantly (P < 0.05) lowered the TC (125.22 ± 5.91 to 110.56 ± 5.81 mg/dL), TG (102.13 ± 6.89 to 98.62 ± 7.22 mg/dL), LDL (33.02 ± 4.79 to 22.77 ± 4.36 mg/dL), VLDL (21.22 ± 5.79 to 19.33 ± 5.95 mg/dL) levels and LDL/HDL ratios (0.83 ± 1.22 to 0.54 ± 1.66 mg/dL) from H1 to H4. Conversely, it improved the HDL (39.76 ± 4.34 to l42.02 ± 4.39 mg/dL) level in hyperlipidemic rats compared with untreated rats after eight weeks study period. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that aqueous extract of stevia has anti-hyperlipidemic effects in albino rats, and therefore could be a promising nutraceutical therapy for the management of hyperlipidemia and its associated complications.
Asunto(s)
Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Stevia/química , Administración Oral , Animales , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/etiología , Hiperlipidemias/patología , Hipolipemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ratas , Triglicéridos/sangre , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) natural, non-caloric sugar substitute is rich source of pharmacologically important glycoside stevioside that is linked to the pathology and complications of diabetes. METHODS: The current research was carried out to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana leaves in albino rats. For this purpose, diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). The diabetic rats were administered with aqueous stevia extract at different dose levels (200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm/kg b.w) for 8 weeks; the control rats were fed basal diet during this period. RESULTS: Stevia aqueous extract improved caloric management and weight control by decreasing the feed intake and body weight gain. Furthermore, intake of stevia extract resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the random blood glucose level (- 73.24%) and fasting blood glucose (- 66.09%) and glycosylated (HbA1c) hemoglobin (5.32%) while insulin (17.82 µIU/mL) and liver glycogen (45.02 mg/g) levels significantly improved in the diabetic rats, compared with the diabetic and non-diabetic control rats after 8 weeks study period. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that aqueous extact of stevia has anti-diabetic effects in albino rats, and therefore could be promising nutraceutical therapy for the management of diabetes and its associated complications.