RESUMEN
Resumen Antecedentes: La epilepsia constituye la tercera causa más común de trastorno neurológico que se reporta, secundario tan solo a eventos cerebrovasculares y enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se ha determinado que aproximadamente entre el 70% al 80% de los cuadros convulsivos son controlados exitosamente con monoterapia, aproximadamente el 10-15% con terapia combinada mientras que cerca del 10% no son controlados con terapia farmacológica solamente. Objetivo: El presente documento constituye una revisión bibliográfica que pretende exponer las alternativas en el abordaje actual de cuadros de epilepsia. No pretende hacer de guía terapéutica senso estricto, sino dotar al médico tratante de herramientas que simplifiquen la selección del fármaco apropiado de acorde a su criterio, circunstancias y realidad clínica. Metodología: Se recurrió a motores de búsqueda médicos, artículos y resúmenes, al igual que a guías publicadas por la ILAE con el objetivo de recolectar datos pertinentes e interpretar estos hallazgos. Conclusión: Mediante esta revisión se logró exponer criterios clásicos e innovadores abarcando la extensión del conocimiento actual respecto al abordaje farmacológico de la epilepsia.
Abstract Background: Epilepsy represents the third most common reported neurologic disorder, surpassed only by cerebrovascular accidents and Alzheimer's disease. Iyt is believed that around 70% to 80% of all convulsive disorders can be successfully controlled with monotherapy alone and an additional 10% to 15% with combination therapy. Around 10% of cases never achieve remission through pharmacological therapy alone. Objectives: Through this comprehensive review of the literature describing the current available pharmacologic therapies for the management of epilepsy and their recognized indications, the authors intend to provide an educational tool that could assist the general practitioner to make decisions when selecting a suitable treatment strategy according to a specific clinical scenario (and as guided by their own professional judgment, circumstances and clinical reality)-. Methods: We used a wide variety of medical search engines, articles and abstracts for the purpose of data collection and interpretation. Conclusions: Through this review the authors managed to present all current and innovative approaches regarding the pharmacologic management of epilepsy encompassing the scope of current knowledge.
RESUMEN
A nematic liquid crystal with high, positive dielectric anisotropy (5CB) has been studied under the influence of the combined action of a dc and an ac electric field. Broad frequency, voltage, and cell thickness ranges were considered. Pattern morphologies were identified; the thresholds and critical wave numbers were measured and analyzed as a function of frequency, dc-to-ac voltage ratio, and thickness. The current-voltage characteristics were simultaneously detected.