RESUMEN

A preliminary study to characterize filamentous bacteria, whose presence is related to high mortality of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae cultured in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, is reported. The extract of infected larvae was diluted in different concentrations, cultured in marine agar (Difco, Marine Agar 2216) and incubated at 30 degrees C for 48 hours. The biochemical characterization included hydrolytic reactions of starch, gelatin and tyrosine, growth in TCBS agar, growth in 0 and 37 per thousand salinity, pigment production in tyrosine agar, production of H2S, nitrate reduction, congo red reaction, oxidase and catalase. The isolated bacteria belong to the species Flexibacter maritimus, Gram-negative bacilli of 0.4-0.5 microm width and 15 microm length. Experiments were carried out on pathogenicity of F. maritimus in post-larvae of L. vannamei. Survival and symptoms in L. vannamei post-larvae 24 hours after inoculation with F. maritimus and its growth in marine agar were evaluated. Mortality was detected around 92,5% as well as symptoms like melanized lesions in several parts of body, discolouration of gills, bad formation of appendages and of the last abdominal segment, low motility and feeding reduction. The experimental infection results suggested that isolated bacteria of the genus Flexibacter are pathogenic to the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A preliminary study to characterize filamentous bacteria, whose presence is related to high mortality of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae cultured in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, is reported. The extract of infected larvae was diluted in different concentrations, cultured in marine agar (DifcoTM, Marine Agar 2216) and incubated at 30 °C for 48 hours. The biochemical characterization included hydrolytic reactions of starch, gelatin and tyrosine, growth in TCBS agar, growth in 0 and 37‰ salinity, pigment production in tyrosine agar, production of H2S, nitrate reduction, congo red reaction, oxidase and catalase. The isolated bacteria belong to the species Flexibacter maritimus, Gram-negative bacilli of 0.4-0.5 µm width and 15 µm length. Experiments were carried out on pathogenicity of F. maritimus in post-larvae of L. vannamei. Survival and symptoms in L. vannamei post-larvae 24 hours after inoculation with F. maritimus and its growth in marine agar were evaluated. Mortality was detected around 92,5 percent as well as symptoms like melanized lesions in several parts of body, discolouration of gills, bad formation of appendages and of the last abdominal segment, low motility and feeding reduction. The experimental infection results suggested that isolated bacteria of the genus Flexibacter are pathogenic to the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae.

Neste trabalho, relata-se um estudo preliminar para caracterizar bactérias filamentosas associadas a elevadas mortalidades de larvas e pós-larvas cultivadas no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Um extrato de larvas infectadas foi diluído em diferentes concentrações, cultivado em Agar Marine (DifcoTM, Marine Agar 2216) e incubado a 30° C por 48 horas. A caracterização bioquímica inclui reações de amido, gelatina e tirosesine, crescimento em Agar TCBS,crescimento a 0 e 37‰ de salinidade, produção de pigmentos em Agar Tirosine, produção de H2S, redução de nitrato, reação vermelho congo, oxidase e catalase. A bactéria isolada apresentou características de Flexibacter maritimus, um bacilo Gram negativo de 0,4-0,5 µm de largura e 15 µm de comprimento. Os experimentos foram realizados sobre a patogenicidade de F. Maritimus, em pós-larvas de L. vannamei. Foram avaliados a sobrevivência e os sintomas das pós-larvas 24 horas após a inoculação com F. Maritimus, além do seu crescimento em Agar Marine. Foram encontradas mortalidades de 92,5 por cento e sintomas próprios da enfermidade, tais como lesões melanizadas em várias partes do corpo, descoloração das brânquias e diminuição da motilidade e da alimentação. Com base nos resultados da infecção experimental, pode se concluir que a bactéria isolada do gênero Flexibacter é patogênica para pós-larvas de L. vannamei.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Injectable contraceptives are a valid option in every family planning program. Contraceptives which are administered every 2 or 3 months, containing only progestogen agents (DepoProvera, Noristerat) have proven efficacious and do not show long-term safety problems. They differ from other contraceptives in their long lasting action and by not presenting the contraindications of the estrogens. Their most prominent side-effect is the irregularity of cyclic bleeding. Although bleeding irregularities are not life threatening, many users stop the treatment for that reason. Monthly contraceptives comprising progestogens and estrogens, maintain or improve the high efficacy of the earlier forms and have the added benefit of allowing bleeding to resemble the physiologic one. This increases acceptability and the continuation rate. There is no long-term inconvenience. At this point, the greatest experience is with the formulation known as Topasel or Perlutal. Other formulations (Cyclofem, Mesigyna) are beginning to be commercialized and their characteristics must still be confirmed through daily use. Indications, contraindications, precautions and warnings for the use of monthly injectable contraceptives are basically identical to those of the combined oral contraceptives, as are the side-effects. Efficacy, though, proves to be superior, which can be correlated to a simpler method of use and less risk of error when using it. Main motivation factors are: efficacy, simplicity in usage, reversibility and confidentiality.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Three new dihydro-ß-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from two species ofMaytenus were isolated and their structures were elucidated by means of(1)H and(13)C NMR studies. The differences and similarities noted in the chemical content of the dihydro-ß-agarofuran sesquiterpenes from the fourMaytenus species from Chile are in line with the taxonomic characterization of these species; their geographical distribution is also given.

RESUMEN

The effect of 2-naphthylamine, p-nitroaniline, o-phenanthroline, sodium deoxycholate and hydrocortisone succinate on the activity of human urine aminopeptidase, rat kidney methionyl and arginyl aminopeptidase, soybean and Enterolobium contortisiliquum seed aminopeptidase was studied using aminoacyl-2-naphthylamide and L-Leu-p-nitroanilide as substrates. Ki values ranged from 10 microM to 2.7 mM. On the basis of Ki and Km values, and catalytic efficiency for each enzyme, it is clear that the aminopeptidases from human urine and from soybean seed should be assayed with both substrates, whereas L-Leu-p-nitroaniline is a more appropriate substrate for the rat kidney aminopeptidases. Sodium deoxycholate is a better inhibitor than hydrocortisone succinate. Non-competitive inhibition was observed in all cases except for E. contortisiliquum seed aminopeptidase.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The effect of 2-naphthylamine, p-nitroaniline, o-phenanthroline, sodium deoxycholate and hydrocortisone succinate on the activity of human urine aminopeptidase, rat kidney methionyl and arginyl aminopeptidase, soybean and Enterolobium contortisiliquum seed aminopeptidase was studied using aminoacyl-2-naphthylamide and L-Leu-p-nitroanilide as substrates. Ki values ranged from 10 microM to 2.7 mM. On the basis of Ki and Km values, and catalytic efficiency for each enzyme, it is clear that the aminopeptidases from human urine and from soybean seed should be assayed with both substrates, whereas L-Leu-p-nitroaniline is a more appropriate substrate for the rat kidney aminopeptidases. Sodium deoxycholate is a better inhibitor than hydrocortisone succinate. Non-competitive inhibition was observed in all cases except for E. contortisiliquum seed aminopeptidase

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

pupae of Ceratitis capitata that were about to hatch were sterilized with Gamma(10 krds). Residual Malathionr was applied at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 micrograms/ml. A level of 0.0904 produced the highest mortality in females that reached sexual maturity and were irradiated as pupae (lowest for mature, non-irradiated males).

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Revisada la historia clínica, los exámenes de laboratorio y las radiografías que muestran manifestaciones óseas generalizadas con restitución ad-integrum. El buen estado general de la paciente, la falta de exámenes específicos, así como su evolución sin secuelas óseas, excepto vertebrales, nos hacen descartar na T B ósea. Por el contrario la misma evolución anteriormente descrita, aunada a una Hb. S 100%, la falta de tratamiento específico y la restitución de los huesos a sus patrones normales, sin secuelas, nos hacen inclinarmos a una CRISIS FALCEMICA SEVERA

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se estudian siete centros de Educación Pre-escolar del área metropolitana público y privados. Se demuestra mayor patología en los públicos. Un porcentaje muy elevado; 6.7% con defectos visuales y 4.3% con trastornos auditivos, acompañados de porcentaje elevado de caries por niño

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En este estudio se presentan los resultados obtenidos en una investigacion sobre el consumo de sustancias toxicas entre la poblacion estudiantil de 14 a 18 anos del area metropolitana de Mexico, D.F.; se investigo el consumo de 12 sustancias toxicas, incluidos el alcohol y el tabaco, asi como los problemas asociados a su consumo. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de 3.408 estudiantes pertenecientes a 89 escuelas, que fueron seleccionadas mediante un diseno estratificado. Los resultados mas importantes fueron los siguientes: no hay cambios significativos en comparacion con una encuesta de 1978, con excepcion del tabaco, que disminuyo alrededor de 6.3% en la categoria de consumo ocasional y las anfetaminas que tienden a aumentar 1.1%. El uso de solventes, antes privativo de estudiaantes de escuelas de nivel economico bajo o marginado, ahora se extiende a todas las zonas socioeconomicas El procentaje de estudiantes que manifiesta haber tenido problemas legales a causa de su consumo de drogas aumento significativamente entre dos encuestas, una en 1978 y otra en 1980. Las sustancias de mayor consumo fueron en orden de importancia, el alcohol, el tabaco, los inhalables, las anfetaminas y la marijuana

Asunto(s)