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Introduction The resulting neonatal, weight of the newborn (NB) is considered as a health indicator since the nutritional status of the neonate can have repercussions on the growth and development of the child until adulthood. Secondly, preterm delivery is associated with several maternal risk factors, such as the presence of anemia, adolescence, or advanced age. The aim of the study was to determine the maternal risk factors related to neonatal outcomes in primiparous. Methods A descriptive, observational, quantitative, longitudinal, and non-experimental study was conducted. Data were collected from women who gave birth from September 2021 to August 2022, in a Microsoft Excel database and the analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26. Results The study population consisted of 224 pregnant women, aged 16 to 41 years, with a mean of 21 years (SD ± 4 years), the most predominant age range was under 20 years, with 53.33%, 81.7% were of middle socioeconomic status, 50.4% had basic education, 89.7% self-identified as mestizo race, 86.2% were of Ecuadorian nationality, and 96.0% resided in the urban area. A total of 97.8% were term NB, 69.9% were normal weight, and 96.4% had an Apgar score of 8 to 10 in the first minute after birth. Maternal factors related to Apgar 7 were adolescent and elderly women, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.180; having maternal comorbidity OR: 2.0612; the factors related to preterm and post-term neonates were the degree of primary and basic education, OR: 2.0, without statistical significance (p>0.05). And in relation to low weight and high weight, we have an academic education OR: 3.0417, without statistical significance (p>0.05); and mothers with a history of previous abortions, OR: 8.6000, with high statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusions Among the main maternal factors related to neonatal outcome in primiparous pregnant women were educational level, age, number of prenatal checkups, and history of previous abortions.

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RESUMEN Fundamento: El afrontamiento de la maternidad en la adolescencia tiene serias implicaciones para la vida de la madre y su descendencia. Es un proceso en el que influyen diversos factores sociales, culturales, económicos y biológicos. Objetivo: describir la relación entre factores socioculturales y la decisión del tipo de parto en adolescentes ecuatorianas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 574 adolescentes de la ciudad de Machala, Ecuador, en el año 2016, aplicando una encuesta personal. Se estableció en este grupo de adolescentes la relación entre la decisión del tipo de parto con las variables edad, residencia, paridad, religión e instrucción; y se definió la asociación estadística derivada de estas relaciones. Resultados: la mayor preferencia fue hacia el parto transpelviano, con un 82,4 %. El 70,2 % de las féminas perteneció a áreas urbanas, y el 66,2 % de ellas no tenía partos previos. La mayoría de las jóvenes decidió tener un parto transpelviano, a pesar del razonamiento expuesto referente a diferentes factores socioculturales. Hubo relación estadística significativa entre el razonamiento y la decisión. Conclusión: los aspectos socioculturales abordados no influyen en la toma de la decisión del tipo de parto que desean las adolescentes ecuatorianas; más bien, su decisión puede orientar hacia problemas de otra índole. Solo las creencias religiosas y el razonamiento que sirvió de base a la elección, se manifestaron como factores influyentes.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Confronting motherhood in adolescence has serious implications for the life of the mother and her descendant. It is a process influenced by various social, cultural, economic and biological factors. Objective: to describe the relationship between sociocultural factors and the decision of the type of delivery in Ecuadorian adolescents. Methods: cross- descriptive, study. A number of 574 adolescents were studied from the city of Machala, Ecuador, in 2016, applying a personal survey. The relationship between the decision of the type of delivery with the variables age, residence, parity, religion and instruction was established in this group of adolescents; and the statistical association derived from these relationships was defined. Results: the greater preference was towards trans-pelvic childbirth, with 82.4%. 70.2% of the adolescents belonged to urban areas, and 66.2% of them did not have previous births. The majority of them decided to have a trans-pelvic childbirth, despite the reasoning given regarding different sociocultural factors. There was a significant statistical relationship between the reasoning and the decision. Conclusion: the sociocultural aspects addressed do not influence the decision of the desired type of delivery; rather, their decision may lead to problems of another kind. Only religious beliefs and reasoning that served as the basis for the election were manifested as influential factors.

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Introducción: El pase de visita docente asistencial en las instituciones docentes hospitalarias es complejo y hay que vencer diferentes objetivos en una misma actividad. Objetivo: Proponer un diseño a partir de concepciones pedagógicas actuales del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios ecuatorianos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con los procesos pedagógicos de la educación en el trabajo en la formación médica. Se utilizaron los buscadores PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google académico, para identificar, seleccionar, estructurar y dar una visión sistémica del pase de visita médico docente-asistencial, proponiendo bases estructurales y metodológicas, partiendo de la experiencia cubana y directivas académicas propias de Ecuador. Desarrollo: El pase de visita docente- asistencial como forma de educación en el trabajo para obtener la excelencia debe de ser más integrador donde no solo se utilice el método clínico, sino el clínico y epidemiológico, y donde estén integrados objetivos gerenciales, se utilicen métodos pedagógicos constructivistas, concepciones del entorno salud-enfermedad del tipo holísticos, a través de estrategias de participación heurísticas. Conclusiones: La utilización de un modelo de actuación con fundamentos científicos, adecuadamente estructurado y basado en transformaciones pedagógicas cualitativas que se interrelacionen con los procesos asistenciales, gerenciales y donde el paciente sea evaluado integralmente, ofrece un enfoque más sistemático de esta actividad(AU)

Introduction: The educational and assistance round in the educational-hospital institutions is complex and it is necessary to overcome different goals in the same activity. Objective: To provide a design from current pedagogical conceptions of educational-medical rounds at Ecuadorian university hospitals. Material and Methods: It carried out review of the related bibliography with the pedagogic processes of education in the work of medical formation. Were used the searchers PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to know, select, built, analyze and give a systematic view of the educational and assistance round in Ecuador, proposing structural and methodological bases, starting from the Cubans experience and the own Ecuadorian academic directives. Development: Educational-medical rounds as educational method of labor to obtain excellence must be more inclusive not using only the clinical method, but also clinical and epidemiological method shall be included and where integrated management objectives must be joined, using pedagogical constructional methods, holistic health-disease environment through heuristic participation strategies.Conclusion: The use of a proceeding model on a scientific basis properly structured and based on qualitative educational transformations that interrelate with medical caretaking and management issues where patients are evaluated integrally, provides a systemic approach process to this activity(AU)

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Introducción: El pase de visita docente asistencial en las instituciones docentes hospitalarias es complejo y hay que vencer diferentes objetivos en una misma actividad. Objetivo: Proponer un diseño a partir de concepciones pedagógicas actuales del pase de visita médico asistencial y docente en hospitales universitarios ecuatorianos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con los procesos pedagógicos de la educación en el trabajo en la formación médica. Se utilizaron los buscadores PubMed, Cochrane Library y Google académico, para identificar, seleccionar, estructurar y dar una visión sistémica del pase de visita médico docente-asistencial, proponiendo bases estructurales y metodológicas, partiendo de la experiencia cubana y directivas académicas propias de Ecuador. Desarrollo: El pase de visita docente- asistencial como forma de educación en el trabajo para obtener la excelencia debe de ser más integrador donde no solo se utilice el método clínico, sino el clínico y epidemiológico, y donde estén integrados objetivos gerenciales, se utilicen métodos pedagógicos constructivistas, concepciones del entorno salud-enfermedad del tipo holísticos, a través de estrategias de participación heurísticas. Conclusiones: La utilización de un modelo de actuación con fundamentos científicos, adecuadamente estructurado y basado en transformaciones pedagógicas cualitativas que se interrelacionen con los procesos asistenciales, gerenciales y donde el paciente sea evaluado integralmente, ofrece un enfoque más sistemático de esta actividad(AU)

Introduction: The educational and assistance round in the educational-hospital institutions is complex and it is necessary to overcome different goals in the same activity. Objective: To provide a design from current pedagogical conceptions of educational-medical rounds at Ecuadorian university hospitals. Material and Methods: It carried out review of the related bibliography with the pedagogic processes of education in the work of medical formation. Were used the searchers PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar to know, select, built, analyze and give a systematic view of the educational and assistance round in Ecuador, proposing structural and methodological bases, starting from the Cuban’s experience and the own Ecuadorian academic directives. Development: Educational-medical rounds as educational method of labor to obtain excellence must be more inclusive not using only the clinical method, but also clinical and epidemiological method shall be included and where integrated management objectives must be joined, using pedagogical constructional methods, holistic health-disease environment through heuristic participation strategies. Conclusion: The use of a proceeding model on a scientific basis properly structured and based on qualitative educational transformations that interrelate with medical caretaking and management issues where patients are evaluated integrally, provides a systemic approach process to this activity(AU)

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